writing problem and hypothesis statements for engineering research(24)

8/7/2019 Writing Problem and Hypothesis Statements for Engineering Research(24)

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Writing Problem and Hypothesis

Statements for Engineering Research(24)/

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Setting of work proposal: ??

Work problem:?

Quantitative specification of problem:?

Importance of problem:,?

Project need: ,?


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Work objective:?

Methodology to achieve objective

:?Anticipated results:

?

Contribution to field:?


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() Wireless local area network (WLAN) has becomeincreasingly popular given its relatively low operational cost andconvenience in providing flexible Internet access. Users attach aWLAN card to their computer in order to access the Internet.USB dangle card has a compact sie, light weight and large

memory size, explaining why users prefer the USB dangle cardover PCMCIA card. USB dangle card uses a chip antenna,planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), or monopole antenna todeliver wireless data. However, above antennassuffer from a prohibitively costly chip antenna and excessivelylarge sized PIFA and monopole antenna. Besides, these

antennas are descreat components for RF system. Restated,the total system requires an antenna space. For instance, PIFArequires approximately *** to satisfy WLAN bandwidthrequirements. Additionally, RF system designers requireadditional time of normally one month to tune antennacharacteristics.


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() The conventionally adopted USBdangle card with the above-mentioned antenna has a largesize, which is discouraging to customers purchasingwireless products. The additional timerequired to tune the characteristics of the antenna

increases material and personnel costs, explaining why theUSB dangle card is losing its competitiveness. Therefore, a total RF system module must bedeveloped.


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()A total RF system module can be developed.

To do so, given that the antenna is a descreat component,

antenna designed in package (AiP) can be used to achieve high

integration. A shielding case can then be integrated with the antenna

to prevent the radiation field from affecting the single component on the

RF circuit. As anticipated, the proposed RF system can

decrease overhead product costs, achieve high integration and avoid

the interference between the radiation signal and RF circuit signal.

The proposed module can contribute to efforts not only to

satisfy bandwidth requirement of WLAN systems, but also to develop

an antenna with EMC technology to shorten the tuning time. The totalRF system module increases the functions of the conventional RF

module. Additionally, the AiP technology developed in this project can

increase the value of package companies, e.g., ASE and SPIL. The

antenna with EMC technology can promote competitiveness of local

antenna manufacturers as well, thus satisfying domestic wirelesscommunication needs.


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()Furthermore, the proposed method can contain several parameters that

not only control the trade-off between throughput optimization and

packet delay optimization, but also provide the ability to fine tune the

DBA for various scenarios. The predictive DBA method can also be

used accurately reflect a certain level of fairness among ONTs by

determining the effective traffic rate and packet delay.

Importantly, the proposed predictive DBA method can be more efficient

than SR-DBA with respect to increasing the PON efficiency in order to

reduce the amount of equipment in PON systems The proposed

method can also reduce overhead costs of the service providers

implementing PON networks., ultimately making next generationnetwork services less expensive and of high quality.


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() As a novel network architecture, a wirelesssensor network (WSN) represents the maturity of hardwareand software technologies for electrical devices andenhanced wireless network capabilities. Its applicationscan be found in healthcare, the military, disaster support,

environmental monitoring and factory management. However, many WSN architecture-related issueshave not been effectively addressed, including multi-hops,multiple-access abilities, routing capabilities, and self-organization. Numerous WSN nodes cooperating with

each other are necessary to alleviate the above difficulties. For instance, monitoring a forestedarea requires deploying at least one thousand WSN nodes.Exactly how engineers configure those WSN nodes anddistribute them over such a large area are challengingissues.


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() Although capable of simulating allWSN nodes to manage and configure the WSN, a puresimulation model lacks authentic WSN behaviors. Theability to devise an WSN-based experimental platform tomanage such a large number of WSN nodes will require an

excessive amount of time in deploying and configuringthousands of WSN nodes. Such a predicament severelyrestricts WSN studies. Therefore, asimulation model integrated into WSN hardware devicesmust be developed to create a more realistic observation.


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() A simulation model integrated into WSN hardwaredevices can be developed to create a more realistic observation. To do so, a software simulation platform can be created.Certain functions from the simulation model can then be provided toeasily create, terminate and configure a simulated WSN node.

Additionally, a mini kernel can be implemented in the simulation model

to provide an operating system that upper applications can operate.Moreover, basic WSN protocols, e.g., IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC andZigbee NWK/APP, can be equipped, enabling implementation ofunique algorithms based on the underlying protocols. Furthermore, APIdrivers can be supplied for programmers to manipulate the underlyinghardware, similar to a RF transceiver. Finally, certain interfaces can beprovided to interact with and communicate among simulated WSNnodes and actual WSN hardware nodes. Those interfaces can sendand receive data between simulated and/or practical WSN nodes.


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() As anticipated, the proposed simulation model can enableprogrammers to manipulate the hardware, as well as send or receivedata among WSN nodes. The proposed model can also provide akernel and basic WSN protocols for researchers to implement theirproposed algorithms and protocols to resolve or enhance wirelesssensor network issues, including multi-hops, multiple-access abilities,

routing capabilities and self-organization. Capable ofproviding a more realistic observation than purely simulated ones, theproposed simulation model can simplify efforts to deploy a largenumber of WSN nodes. Researchers can only distribute some practicalWSN nodes to a small area and simulate the remaining area from theproposed simulation model to verify their novel algorithms or protocols.Doing so will enable researchers to concentrate on their major studies,not expend considerable time on deployments and configurations ofWSN nodes.


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writing problem and hypothesis statements for engineering research(24)

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