Title

The Operculum Movement

Of A Bony Fish On Different Conditions of Water

IntroductionThe operculum of a bony fish is the hard bony flap covering and protecting the gills. In most fish, the rear edge of the operculum roughly marks the division between the head and the body.

Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.Some species tends to adapt to their nature or habitat, without permanent effect on their biological structure. In different conditions of water. In this study the movement of a Bony Fish specie operculum is observed and analyzed to where the fish is more capable to live.

Objective/ProblemThis study aimed to:1. Determine which pollutant is more dangerous to Bony fish specie:

A. IceB. Detergent Powder

2. Determine the breathing/operculum movement of the fish specie.3. Determine if the fish will survive after period of time in different conditions of water.

Hypothesis•  Alternative - The Bony fish species are more capable to adapt and live on ice – water mixture than detergent powder – water mixture. • Null - The Bony fish species are more capable to adapt and live on powder – water mixture than water – ice mixture.

Materials/MethodsMaterials :

2 Thermometers3 Cylinders10 ml Detergent1 Graduated

Cylinder3 Fishes200g IceTap water: 600 mlStirring Rod

Methods•Two cylinder, with equal amount of water. The temperature was calculated/taken.• Ice was submerged on cylinder B, its temperature was calculated/taken. The fish in cylinder A was submerged for 2 minutes, Its operculum movement was observed. •The fish was submerged in cylinder B, Its operculum movement was observed. •10 ml of detergent was added to cylinder A, it was mixed by using a stirring rod.•The fish was submerged in the mixture. Its operculum movement was observed.

Results & Discussion• For two minutes of thermometer submersion in two different cylinders both 600ml in volume the taken temperature was both 27deg Celsius.• Then ice was immersed in cylinder B. Displacing 200ml of water changing its volume to 800ml and temperature to – 20deg Celsius.• The fish was first placed in cylinder A for two minutes. In the first minute, the fish has 5 operculum movement/second (fps). After one minute, the operculum movement was changed to 3 operculum movement/second (fps).

• The fish was placed in the icy water cylinder B. After 54 seconds, it has one operculum movement/second. 3 seconds later, the fish’s operculum was inactive. •The fish was removed to the cylinder and was transferred to another cylinder of pure tap water immediately, to bring back its active condition.• The fish survived 4 seconds after its shifted to another cylinder.• 10 ml detergent was dropped to cylinder A, it was mixed using a stirring rod.

•The fish was immersed in the mixture, in its first minute underwater, the fish is observed to be stable until 20 seconds, the fish was suffocating. •Then 20 seconds after, internal bleeding was observed in the gill filaments and lamella it starts to appeared outside. •And 17 seconds after, the whole gill was separated from its skin the fish died.

Time Fish Condition Water Condition

OperculumFlaps per

Second (fps)

-------------------------------------Evaluation--------------------------------------

---------------- ---------------- Warm (27deg Celsius ) (600ml)

----------------

---------------- ---------------- Cold (-20deg Celsius) (800ml) (with cold ice)

----------------

---------------- ---------------- Detergent Mixture-Warm

(27deg Celsius) (600ml)

(w/ Detergent Powder)

----------------

---------------- Healthy ---------------- ----------------

Time Fish Condition

Water Condition

OperculumFlaps per

Second (fps)

--------------------------------1st Set of Observation----------------------------

0-1min Stable Warm (27deg Celsius ) (600ml)

5fps

1:01-2mins Stable Warm (27deg Celsius ) (600ml)

3fps

Time Fish Condition

Water Condition

OperculumFlaps per

Second (fps)

--------------------------------2nd Set of Observation----------------------------

0-54secs Unstable Cold (-20deg Celsius) (800ml) (with cold ice)

1fps

55-57secs Freezing Cold (-20deg Celsius) (800ml) (with cold ice)

0fps

58secs-1:01min Active-Unstable (Transferred) Warm (27deg

Celsius ) (600ml)

1fps

Time Fish Condition

Water Condition

OperculumFlaps per

Second (fps)

--------------------------------3rd Set of Observation----------------------------

0-20secs Stable Detergent Mixture-Warm

(27deg Celsius) (600ml)

(w/ Detergent Powder)

5fps

21-40secs Suffocating Detergent Mixture-Warm

(27deg Celsius) (600ml)

(w/ Detergent Powder)

8fps

41secs-1min Internal Bleeding in Gill Filaments

and Lamella-(Unstable)

Detergent Mixture-Warm

(27deg Celsius) (600ml)

(w/ Detergent Powder)

2fps

Time Fish Condition

Water Condition

OperculumFlaps per

Second (fps)

-------------------------3rd Set of Observation- cont.-------------------------

1:01-1:17min External Bleeding and

separation of Gill Filaments and

Lamella-(Deceased)

(Detergent Mixture-Warm

(27deg Celsius) (600ml)

(w/ Detergent Powder)

0fps

--------------------------------------Final Evaluation----------------------------------------

---------------- Deseased(Excreting saliva-like substance w/

blood)

---------------- ----------------

ConclusionTherefore, the fish specie tends to live/survive and is possible to adapt at cold situations than polluted water.

References•Newton, David (2008). Chemistry of the Environment. Checkmark Books• U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Washington, DC• National Handbook of Conservation Practices. Accessed March 28, 2009• types of sewage. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. N.p., 2009. Web. October 9

AuthorsInahid, Rudvic L.

Fabrero, Joelli Mary S.Sulima, Von Jono T.

Valdez, Joani Marie S.