media research- research hypothesis

TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIESSector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75

Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi

Media Research

Paper ID-24305Paper code-BJ(MC)305

Manmeet Kaur


Research Hypothesis

• We start with a research question, develop specific hypotheses to test, collect the data and then use statistical analysis to test them

• But what exactly is this analysis we use?


Content

• Research hypothesis are single sentences that tell

specifically what the investigator expect to find.

• Ordinarily hypothesis means a mere assumption

or some suppositions to be proved or disapproved.

• In the word of Landberg, “A hypothesis is

tentative generalization, the validity of which

remains to be tested.


Content

• It is more elementary the hypothesis may be “any

such guess, imaginative idea which becomes the basis

for further investigation”.

• Hypothesis is usually considered as the principal

instrument in research.

• For a researcher hypothesis is a formal question that

he intends to resolve.


Content

• the word hypothesis is derived form the Greek words• “hypo” means under; “tithemi” means place• Under known facts of the problem to explain relationship

between these• ........ is a statement subject to verification• ......... a guess but experienced guess based on some facts • ..is a hunch, assumption, suspicion, assertion or an idea

about a phenomena, relationship, or situation, the reality of truth of which one do not know

• a researcher calls these assumptions, assertions, statements, or hunches hypotheses and they become the basis of an inquiry.


Content

• Hypothesis is proposition, condition or principle which is assumed, perhaps without belief, in order to draw its logical consequences and by this method to test its accord with facts which are known or may be determined (Webster’s New International Dictionary of English

• A tentative statement about something, the validity of which is usually unknown (Black, James A & Dean J Champion, Method and Issues in Social Research, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 1976)


Content

• There is a slight difference between the Research questions and research hypothesis however they are used alternative.

• Research questions are single sentences that specify exactly what an investigators hopes to learn.

• Research Hypothesis are single sentence that tell specifically what the investigator expect to find.


Examples

• “Students who receive counseling will show a greater increase in creativity than students not receiving counseling” Or

• “the automobile A is performing good as well as automobile B.”

• These are hypotheses capable of being objectively verified and tested. Thus, we may conclude that a hypothesis states what we are looking for and it is a proposition which can be put to a test to determine its validity.


Characteristics of hypothesis

(i) Hypothesis should be clear and precise. If the Hypothesis is not clear and precise, the inferences drawn on its basis cannot be taken as reliable.

(ii) Hypothesis should be capable of being tested. In a swamp of un-testable hypotheses.

Some prior study may be done by researcher in order to make hypothesis a testable one. A hypothesis “is testable if other deductions can be made from it which, in turn, can be confirmed or disproved by observation.”


(iii) Hypothesis should state relationship between variables, if it happens to be a relational hypothesis.

(iv) Hypothesis should be limited in scope and must be specific. A researcher must remember that narrower hypotheses are generally more testable and he should develop such hypotheses.

(v) Hypothesis should be stated as far as possible in most simple terms so that the same is easily understandable by all concerned. But one must remember that simplicity of hypothesis has nothing to do with its significance.


• (vi) Hypothesis should be consistent with most

known facts i.e., it must be consistent with a

substantial body of established facts. In other

words, it should be one which judges accept as

being the most likely.


Importance of Hypothesis

• Hypothesis serves as the investigator’s eyes in seeing answers to tentatively adopted generalization

• Hypothesis serves as a necessary link between theory and investigation

• It places clear and specific goals before the research

• It prevents blind research & serves as a sort of guiding light


TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS

• Descriptive/Declarative Research: it generally

states a relationship between variable &

indicates the nature of the relationship

• Ex: If A is valid, B follows_____________

• If u hit a child with a cane, he/she will cry

• Do newspaper subscriber rate the quality of the

newspaper higher than non-subscriber rate it


• Descriptive hypothesis can be formed in two ways:

Two –tailed or non-directional: there will be significant difference in the way newspaper subscriber & non-subscriber rate the quality of the newspaper

One tailed or unidirectional: subscriber will rate the quality of the newspaper significantly higher than non-subscriber


• Null Hypothesis : In contrast to the hypothesis that predicts a relationship, the null hypothesis predicts there will be no relationship

• Ex: There will be no significant difference in the way subscriber & non-subscribers rate the quality of newspaper


• Alternative Hypothesis : it calls attention to the possibility that the relationship might be just opposite of what the researcher expects

• Ex: Subscribers will rate the quality of the newspaper significantly lower than non-subscriber


Criteria for good hypotheses

• Compatible with current knowledge

• Logical Consistent

• Testable (should not be null)

• Succinct (to the point)


THANK YOU

media research- research hypothesis

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