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Page 1: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

BiologyBiology

Day 1Day 1

Page 2: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Solving Problems Using a Scientific Solving Problems Using a Scientific ApproachApproach

Scientific MethodScientific Method ProblemProblem HypothesisHypothesis ExperimentExperiment AnalysisAnalysis ConclusionConclusion

Parts of an ExperimentParts of an Experiment VariablesVariables

Independent – changed by youIndependent – changed by you Dependent – changed by to Dependent – changed by to

independentindependent Constant – stay the sameConstant – stay the same Control – for comparisonControl – for comparison

Page 3: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Organisms – Living organisms are diverse Organisms – Living organisms are diverse but share certain characteristicsbut share certain characteristics

Properties of Life – Seven themes unify the Properties of Life – Seven themes unify the science of biologyscience of biology Cellular Structure and FunctionCellular Structure and Function ReproductionReproduction MetabolismMetabolism HomeostasisHomeostasis HeredityHeredity EvolutionEvolution InterdependenceInterdependence

Page 4: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Unifying Themes of BiologyUnifying Themes of Biology

Cellular Structure and FunctionCellular Structure and Function All living organisms are composed of All living organisms are composed of

cellscells ReproductionReproduction

Living organisms reproduce, producing Living organisms reproduce, producing offspring similar to themselvesoffspring similar to themselves

MetabolismMetabolism Living organisms obtain and use energy Living organisms obtain and use energy

to stay alive, grow, and developto stay alive, grow, and develop

Page 5: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

HomeostasisHomeostasis All living organisms respond to their All living organisms respond to their

environment and are able to maintain environment and are able to maintain homeostasishomeostasis

HeredityHeredity All living things are able to pass on traits to All living things are able to pass on traits to

their offspring through genes that are their offspring through genes that are passed from parent to offspring each passed from parent to offspring each generationgeneration

EvolutionEvolution Evolution has shaped all of life’s diversityEvolution has shaped all of life’s diversity

InterdependenceInterdependence All living organisms depend on one another All living organisms depend on one another

and their environmentand their environment

Page 6: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Solving Real World ProblemsSolving Real World Problems Preserving our Preserving our

EnvironmentEnvironment Pollution of the Pollution of the

atmosphere, atmosphere, extinction of plants extinction of plants and animals, and a and animals, and a growing demand for growing demand for food are current food are current environmental environmental problems caused by problems caused by the growing human the growing human populationpopulation

Page 7: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Improving the Food Improving the Food SupplySupply Genetic engineering is Genetic engineering is

used to develop crops used to develop crops that require fewer that require fewer fertilizers and fertilizers and pesticidespesticides

Page 8: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Understanding the Understanding the Human GenomeHuman Genome Scientists are Scientists are

sequencing every sequencing every human gene, which human gene, which will be an invaluable will be an invaluable tool in medical tool in medical researchresearch

Page 9: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Fighting DiseaseFighting Disease AIDS and Cancer AIDS and Cancer

Biological research and new technologies will Biological research and new technologies will help scientists battle diseases such as AIDS help scientists battle diseases such as AIDS and cancerand cancer

Page 10: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Emerging DiseasesEmerging Diseases The past few years have seen the emergence The past few years have seen the emergence

of new diseases from other parts of the world of new diseases from other parts of the world such as West Nile virussuch as West Nile virus

Page 11: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Gene TherapyGene Therapy Gene therapy will help scientists fight genetic Gene therapy will help scientists fight genetic

disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular disorders such as cystic fibrosis, muscular dystrophy, and hemophiliadystrophy, and hemophilia

Page 12: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Observation: The Basis of Scientific Observation: The Basis of Scientific ResearchResearch

Solving Scientific PuzzlesSolving Scientific Puzzles All scientists have a certain All scientists have a certain

way of investigating the way of investigating the worldworld

ObservationObservation Observation is the act of Observation is the act of

noting or perceiving objects noting or perceiving objects or events using the sensesor events using the senses

Page 13: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Stages of Scientific InvestigationStages of Scientific Investigation Collecting Observations and Asking Collecting Observations and Asking

QuestionsQuestions Scientists add to scientific knowledge by Scientists add to scientific knowledge by

sharing observations and posing questions sharing observations and posing questions about observationsabout observations

Forming Hypotheses and Making Forming Hypotheses and Making PredictionsPredictions Forming and testing hypotheses, as well as Forming and testing hypotheses, as well as

making predictions, is important in making predictions, is important in scientific investigationsscientific investigations

Page 14: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Confirming Confirming PredictionsPredictions In a controlled In a controlled

experiment, the experiment, the independent variable independent variable is varied between the is varied between the experimental and experimental and control groups. The control groups. The measured variable is measured variable is the dependent the dependent variablevariable

Drawing ConclusionsDrawing Conclusions Hypotheses can be Hypotheses can be

supported or rejected, supported or rejected, but never provenbut never proven

Page 15: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Viewing Conclusions in ContextViewing Conclusions in Context Many important scientific questions Many important scientific questions

have more than one answer, such as have more than one answer, such as determining the causes of the global determining the causes of the global decline in amphibiansdecline in amphibians

Page 16: Biology Day 1. Solving Problems Using a Scientific Approach Scientific Method Scientific Method Problem Problem Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment

Scientific ExplanationsScientific Explanations

Constructing a TheoryConstructing a Theory A collection of hypotheses that have A collection of hypotheses that have

been repeatedly tested and are been repeatedly tested and are supported by a great deal of evidence supported by a great deal of evidence forms a theoryforms a theory