report of ragi guda slum by m. hassan

REPORTS ON THE SURVEY OF CHILD EDUCATION AND LABOUR IN RAGIGUDA SLUM

BY _ MATIUN NESSA HASSAN

Introduction- According to UNICEF, child protection acts as the prevention of or

responding to the incidence of abuse, exploitation, violence and neglect of children. This

includes commercial sexual exploitation, trafficking, child labour and harmful traditional

practices, and as well as child marriage. Protection also allows children to have access to

their other rights of survival, development, growth and participation.

Among all these issues the most highlighted issues in this report are Child education and

Child labour.

Child education is a branch of education theory which relates to the teaching

of children formally and informally up until the age of about eight. According to the

statistics of 2011 less than half of India's children between the age 6 and 14 go to school.

A little over one-third of all children who are enrolled in grade one reach grade eight. At

least 35 million children aged 6 - 14 years do not attend school. 53% of girls in the age

group of 5 to 9 years are illiterate. In India, only 53% of habitation has a primary school

and 20% of habitation has a secondary school. The reasons for not attending schools

were amended as; the upper primary school is 3 km away in 22% of areas under

habitations. In nearly 60% of schools, there are less than two teachers to teach Classes I

to V. High cost of private education and need to work to support their families and little

interest in studies are the reasons they leave.

Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that

deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school,

and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. This practice

is considered exploitative by many domestic and international organisations.

As per Census 2011, the state wise details of working children in the age group of 5-14

years are as follows:

Sl No. Name of States

No. of working children in the

age group of 5-14 years (2011)

1 Andhra Pradesh 404851

2 Arunachal Pradesh 404851



3 Assam 99512

4 Bihar 451590

5 Chhattisgarh 63884

6 Delhi 26473

7 Goa 6920

8 Gujarat 250318

9 Haryana 53492

10 Himachal Pradesh 15001

11 Jammu & Kashmir 25528

12 Jharkhand 90996

13 Karnataka 249432

14 Kerala 21757

15 Madhya Pradesh 286310

16 Maharashtra 496916

17 Manipur 11805

18 Meghalaya 18839

19 Mizoram 2793

20 Nagaland 11062

21 Odisha 92087

22 Punjab 90353

23 Rajasthan 252338

24 Sikkim 2704

25 Tamil Nadu 151437

26 Tripura 4998

27 Uttar Pradesh 896301

28 Uttarakhand 28098

29 West Bengal 234275

The objectives of the survey were to:-



Assess the current practices and arrangements in place to manage child protection

where the subtopics are education and child labour and to ensure welfare in

community. (Karnataka, Bangalore).

Assess the knowledge and practices of the people of Ragi gudda slum towards the

issues of Child Protection.

Methodology:

Profile of the study area- This report describes the process and findings of the

convenient survey for Ragi gudda slum near J.P Nagar, Bangalore,

Karnataka. Bangalore Agglomeration is the 5th

largest agglomeration in India

(Census 2011). It covers a total area of 8005 Sq. Km. As per demographical

information per census 2011; the population within BBMP (Bruhat Bangalore

Mahanagara Palike) grew to 8,443,675 from 5,686,844 in 2001.The decadal

growth between 2001-2011 is found to be 85%, which is very high compared to

that of the State.



Sampling and Sample size- During this survey Convenient sampling was used

and the sample size of 208 was taken under consideration.

Respondent- The respondents for this survey were the head of the household or

family in the Ragi gudda slum.

Findings based on the parameters of the given questionnaire i.e. the socio-

economic conditions of the slum dwellers :-

In Table1, it is observed that the people who responded to the questionnaire were mainly

between the age group of 25 to 45 years, and are mainly male. The educational

qualification of the inhabitants of Ragi gudda slum is mostly illiterates and school

dropouts who managed to study up to high school and they work mostly as a manual

labour or as a domestic worker. The respondents were mostly from Karnataka itself less

were migrants, the respondents were mostly married and was schedule caste Hindus

residing in the slum. The type of family who responded were mainly nuclear families and

the frequency of their monthly wages were seen mostly less than Rs.10000.

Table 1 Socio economic conditions of the respondents

Categories

Age

Frequency Percent

Less than 25 11 5.3

26-35 78 37.5

36-45 67 32.2

More than 46 52 25.0



Total 208 100.0

Gender

Frequency Percent

Male 120 57.7

Female 88 42.3

Total 208 100.0

Education

Frequency Percent

Illiterate 84 40.4

Primary School 15 7.2

High School 85 40.9

Higher Secondary

School 14 6.7

Any other degree 10 4.8

Total 208 100.0

Occupation

Frequency Percent

Domestic worker 50 24.0

Housewife 17 8.2

Driver 34 16.3

Unemployed 8 3.8

Manual labour 80 38.5

Others 19 9.1

Total 208 100.0

Marital Status

Frequency Percent

Married 187 89.9

Divorced 1 .5

Separated 1 .5

Widowed 19 9.1

Total 208 100.0

Religion Frequency Percent

Hindu 147 70.7



Muslim 42 20.2

Christian 18 8.7

Others 1 .5

Total 208 100.0

Caste

Frequency Percent

Scheduled Caste 116 55.8

Scheduled Tribes 21 10.1

Other Backward

Caste 36 17.3

Others 32 15.4

Do not know 3 1.4

Total 208 100.0

Place of origin

Frequency Percent

Karnataka 150 72.1

Tamil Nadu 56 26.9

Andhra Pradesh 1 .5

Others 1 .5

Total

208 100.0

District

Frequency Percent

Bangalore 141 67.8

Thiruvannamalai 16 7.7

Salem 8 3.8

Others 36 17.3

Do not know 7 3.4

Total 208 100.0

Years of stay

Frequency Percent

Less than 5 30 14.4

6 to 15 30 14.4



16 to 25 46 22.1

26 to 35 48 23.1

More than 35 54 26.0

Total 208 100.0

Type of family

Frequency Percent

Joint Family 43 20.7

Nuclear Family 165 79.3

Total 208 100.0

Total family

members

Frequency Percent

1 23 11.1

2 20 9.6

3 24 11.5

4 60 28.8

5 38 18.3

6 17 8.2

7 17 8.2

8 6 2.9

9 2 1.0

10 1 .5

Total

208 100.0

Total earning

members

Frequency Percent

1 99 47.6

2 71 34.1

3 26 12.5

4 9 4.3

5 3 1.4

Total 208 100.0

Total monthly Frequency Percent



income Less than 10000 89 42.8

15000-25000 85 40.9

25001-45000 28 13.5

45001-60000 4 1.9

More than 60000 2 1.0

Total 208 100.0

In Table 2, based on the socio demographic data of all the children in slum it is

concluded that the slum consists equal ratio of both female and male sexes and the

number of children were 395.Most dwellers have birth certificate of their children as per

the norm of the government, even child marriage practice is on the verge of extinction.

Although the parents of the children of Ragi gudda slums were mostly uneducated and

school dropouts but they surely urge their kids to study more and to live a better life

hence education is seen mostly among children there. But though children of some of the

household stopped going to school due to reasons such as transport problem, not

interested but the main cause is poverty. The work these children perform is usually

involved with their household.

Table 2 Socio demographic data of all the children in the slum:

No. of children

Gender Age

Birth

Certificate

Male Female 0 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 15 16 to 18 Yes No

395 197 198 138 110 92 55 327 68

Marital Status Education

Married Unmarried 0 1 2 3 4

6 217 7 141 138 20 5



Children stopped going to school

Yes No

34 310

Reason for child to drop out

No transport Poverty

Care

siblings

Not

interested

Not performing

well

Physical

problem HHs-economic activity

3 34 2 7 4 2 1

Are they going to work Type of work

Yes No

Assist

Parents

HH

econ. Manufacture

Agri

work Hotel Garage

Rag

pick Others

21 296 1 29 1 1 2 6 2 3

Migration of child Missing child

Yes No Yes No

0 310 3 65

FINDINGS:-

According to the dwellers, the parameters which usually drives the Knowledge,

Attitude and Practice on the basis of Education for children in their locality and

Child labour in their community are as follows:-

A. EDUCATION:-

CHART 1 AND CHART 1.1 - On the basis of the statistics, the dwellers of

Ragi gudda slums mostly feels that sending their children is a very important aspect as in

future the children can lead a very good life by getting a good job which was the

maximum response followed by becoming economically independent as the two main

reasons.

Chart 1.Response of the Household head on education of child



1.1 REASONS FOR EDUCATING THE CHILD AND THE RESPONSES:

REASONS FOR EDUCATING THE CHILD D

EDUCATION

YESPERCENT

GOOD JOB 182

ECONOMICALLY INDEPENDENT 171

BETTER HEALTH 51

GOOD MEALS AT SCHOOL 11

NOT WILLING 16

95.2

2.4 2.40

20

40

60

80

100

YES NO DON’T KNOW

1.Response of the Household head on education of child.

42%

40%

12%

2% 4%

REASONS FOR EDUCATING THE CHILD AND THE RESPONSES (YES%)

GOOD JOB

ECONOMICALLY INDEPENDENT

BETTER HEALTH

GOOD MEALS AT SCHOOL

NOT WILLING

IMPORTANCE

OF SENDING

A CHILD TO

SCHOOL

PERCENT

YES 95.2

NO 2.4

DON’T KNOW 2.4



CHART 2- According to the slum dwellers educating a girl child is important aspect

although they themselves are not well versed or illiterate they were very much inclined in

educating their girl child but in some household it is observed that education of girl child

up to certain age limit is more preferable to them.

CHART 2. OPINION FOR

EDUCATING GIRL CHILD

OPINIONS PERCENTAGE

FOR BETTER FUTURE 26.4

TO BECOME INDEPENDENT 26.4

TO HAVE A BETTER JOB 47.1

27%

26%

47%

OPINION FOR EDUCATING GIRL CHILD (%)

FOR BETTER FUTURE

TO BECOME INDEPENDENT

TO HAVE A BETTER JOB



B. CHILD LABOUR:-

CHART3. AND CHART 3.1- The inhabitants of the slum concluded that, 46.6%

of the children who are less than 14 years of age do not go to work while 24% of

them gave a positive response and the rest 29.3% gave a vague response i.e. they

are unaware of the fact.

Whereas the people who gave positive response commented that 17.8% of male

goes to work while 7.7% female goes to work.

3. CHILDREN WORKING LESS

THAN 14 YEARS

LESS THAN 14 YEARS PERCENTAGE

YES 24

NO 46.6

DON’T KNOW 29.3

0

20

40

60

YESNO

DON’T KNOW

24

46.6

29.3

3. RESPONSE FOR CHILDREN WHO ARE WORKING BELOW 14 YEARS OF AGE



3.1 GENDER WHICH IS INVOLVED MORE IN WORK

CHILD LABOR IN GENDERS PERCENTAGE

MALE 7.7

FEMALE 17.8

DON’T KNOW 74.5

CHART 3.2- The type of work these children are associated with is particularly

Household works and other works such as in hotel, cleaning, garage, painting etc.

3.2. TYPE OF WORK

TYPE OF WORK PERCENTAGE

HOUSEHOLD 17.8

CONSTRUCTION 1.4

OTHERS 8.7

DON’T KNOW 72.1

0 20 40 60 80

MALE

FEMALE

DON’T KNOW

7.7

17.8

74.5

PERCENTAGE



CHART 3.3- The reason for these children to go on work is mostly poverty

which usually makes up the 20.7% of the population going on work under 14.

3.3. REASONS FOR WORK

REASONS PERCENTAGE

POVERTY 20.7

OTHERS 6.7

DON’T KNOW 72.6

01020304050607080

17.8

1.48.7

72.1

3.2.TYPE OF WORK

0 20 40 60 80

POVERTY

OTHERS

DON’T KNOW

20.7

6.7

72.6

3.3.REASONS FOR WORK



CHART 3.4- According to them the problem faced by the child labours are

basically verbal harass i.e. basically shouting and ear moulding and constitutes of

3.8% and the others are conflict with co-worker and health related issues making

1.9% and 1.4% respectively.

3.4. PROBLEMS FACED AT WORKPLACE

PROBLEMS AT WORKPLACE PERCENTAGE

RAPE 1

VERBAL HARASS 3.8

CO WORKERS CONFLICT 1.9

HEALTH PROBLEM 1.4

NO IDEA 91.8

CONCLUSION

At the level of prevention, their aim includes supporting and strengthening families

to reduce social exclusion, and to lower the risk of separation, violence and exploitation.

Responsibilities are often spread across government agencies, with services delivered by

local authorities, non-Sate providers, and community groups, making coordination

1 3.8 1.9 1.4

91.8

0

20

40

60

80

100

RAPE VERBAL HARASS

CO WORKERS CONFLICT

HEALTH PROBLEM

NO IDEA

3.4.PROBLEMS AT WORKPLACE



between sectors and levels, including routine referral systems, a necessary component of

effective child protection systems. The conduction of survey in Ragi gudda gives a vivid

description that although the people live in slum but they are trying to overcome their

hurdles and supports education and disowns the evils of child labour.

report of ragi guda slum by m. hassan

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