May-August 2014

(RTCET)

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

ISSN: 2321-6476

STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was

launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board

members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of STM Publication(s):

?Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions.

?Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process.

?Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.

?Preparing online platform for other print Journals.

?Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains.

?Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety.

Salient Features:

?A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains.

?Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System.

?The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage.

?Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization.

?Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.

?Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Focus and Scope Covers

?

is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals

(division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily

reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products

described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in

this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written

permission of the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the

beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

(ISSN: 2321–6476)

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

Civil Engineering in General, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering and its Allied Areas.

?Highways & Transportation Engineering

?Railways Engineering and Coastal Engineering

?Surveying and Other Verticals

?Hydraulics & Water Power Engineering

? Geomatics, Geosciences, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information systems

?Aerosol Optical Properties, Aerosol Microphysical Properties

STM Publication(s)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office

No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal.

Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM

Journals unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order:

Cost of Journal:

? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy

? International Subscription:

? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues)

? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change

without notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of

Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access

Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at

nominal cost as follows

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

? The access will be blocked:

? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.

? Due to technical issue.

? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent

media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars

etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each

published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are

also very welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency.

? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.

? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Chairman

Mr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)

Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra

DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India

Puneet Pandeya

ManagerMonika Malhotra

Assistant Manager

Assistant Editors

Aditya Sanyal

Anupama Garg

Himani Pandey

Publication Management Team

Internal Members

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab

Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu

Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash

School of Materials Science and Technology,

Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of

Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India

Associate Editors

Gargi Asha Jha

Nupur Anand

Priyanka Aswal

Sona Chahal

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev Raj

Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

Chairman, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department

of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community

Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,

Pune, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal

University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,

National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral

Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials

Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,

Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,

Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

Aurangabad, India.

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,

Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Editorial Board

Dr. Nilanchal Patel Professor Department of Remote Sensing

Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (A Deemed University),

Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Prof. (Dr.) Shamsher Bahadur SinghCivil Engineering Department Vidya Vihar

Campus Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Vasant Matsagar Indian Institute of Technology

(IIT) Delhi, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor Department of Civil

Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Professor Ashvani Kumar Gosain Department of Civil Engineering Indian

Insitute of Technology Delhi, India.

Prof. Rajiv Gupta Birla Institute of Technology and Science,

Pilani, India.

Professor Jyant KumarProfessor, Civil Engineering Department,

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Professor D Nagesh KumarProfessor Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India.

Dr. Pranab Kumar MohapatraUniversity of South Carolina Columbia

SC, USA, United States.

Prof S. MohanIndian Institute of Technology, Madras

Chennai, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. S. P. Agrawal Chief Scientist & Adviser Central

Building Research Institute ROORKEE, India.

Sekhar Kumar Chakrabarti Professor Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India.

Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Das Sr. Associate Professor, National Institute of

Construction Management and Research (NICMAR) Goa Campus Ponda, Goa, India.

Dr. P V SivapulliahDepartment of Civil Engineering Indian

Institute of Science Bangalore - 560 012, India.

Dr. P. C. ThapliyalPrincipal Scientist, The Central Building

Research Institute, Roorkee, India.

Dr. Nagendra RoyNational Institute of Technology Rourkela,

India.

Dr. Sukhdeo KaradeCSIR-Central Building Research Institute,

Roorkee and AcSIR, India

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] of Recent Trends

in Civil Engineering & Technology (RTCET). The intension of RTCET is to create an atmosphere

that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Civil Engineering & Technology.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RTCET provides an outlet for Research findings and

reviews in areas of Civil Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and

International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Civil Engineering & Technology.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. A Case Study on R.C.C Cast in situ Pile Capacities for Flyover Foundations K. M. Bipul Shahriar, Shuchita Shahnaz 1

2. Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper Waste and Cement Gobinath R., Saranyadevi D., Jeevanantham E., Dinesh J., Karthick S., Karthickeyan S. 7

3. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint Subjected to Monotonic LoadingShivaji T. Bidgar, Partha Bhattacharya 12

4. Liquefaction Behavior of Clean Sand for Various Sample Sizes Using Triaxial TestsS. R. Pathak, R. S. Dalvi 22

5. Experimental Studies on Modified Sequential Batch Reactor Using High Density Poly Ethylene as a MediaAshi Sudhakar P. K., Aravind S., Gobinath R., Shobana K. S. 30

ContentsRecent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

A Case Study on R.C.C Cast in situ Pile Capacities for

Flyover Foundations

K. M. Bipul Shahriar*, Shuchita Shahnaz ACE Consultants Ltd., DOHS Baridhara, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh

Abstract Bangladesh is a densely populated country in the world. So, for the movement of this

large population needs a good transport system. Every day people are moving hundreds

of kilometers for their personal and official works and using different road transport system. Reality is the roads are very narrow. The present situation says people are

making traffic jams though not intentionally. People have to work or stay at home, though

it is not possible to stay at home without work. There is no space on the road for road widening. This is the best solution to make flyovers at different locations where huge

traffic congestion is observed. Transport plays an important role in the development of a country. Flyover means a bridge-like part of a road by the upper level of a crossing of

two highways at different levels. This report shows three flyover foundation design based

on underground soil strata at Kona Bari, Chandra and Sohagpur. These flyovers are situated from Joydevpur to Elanga route on the highway.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Konabari, Chandra, Sohagpur, Flyover, Joydevpur

RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Fabrication of Paper Bricks from Paper

Waste and Cement

Gobinath R, Saranyadevi D*, Jeevanantham E, Dinesh J, Karthick S, Karthickeyan S

Department of Civil Engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,

Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract Paper bricks are key construction materials for buildings in general and for low cost housing in particular. To keep up with sustainable development movements and

increasing competitive pressure in the industry, building materials of the future have to

be of lighter weight, more energy efficient and lower cost. The use of recycled materials is also critical for long-term sustainability. The objective of this study is to develop

lightweight paper brick from waste paper with minimum cost. Different mixtures of waste

paper were used as raw materials. The paper was hydrated and spun to obtain paper-pulp slurry after mixing with cement, and cast to shape. Compressive strength and water

absorption were found. The results showed that experimental bricks had higher compressive strength and water absorption when compared to those of existing masonry

blocks. Quick cost estimation indicated that bricks could be made at a lower cost than

those available in the market. It is concluded that paper bricks from waste paper possess attractive properties and good strength. Sustainability and cost issues are also addressed.

The result shows the combination of paper waste and cement provides better results for

producing economical new bricks.

Keywords: Lightweight paper bricks, waste paper, cement, compressive strength,

water absorption

RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Reinforced

Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint Subjected

to Monotonic Loading

Shivaji T. Bidgar*, Partha Bhattacharya

Department of Civil Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700032, West Bengal, India

Abstract A numerical analysis of exterior beam-column joint subjected to constant axial load on

the column top and monotonic load applied at the beam tip is presented in this work. A strain-based nonlinear finite element program is developed in MATLAB R2009a. The

nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structural member is carried out considering it as a two-phase system. The concrete in nonlinear range is considered as orthotropic

material having different stress-strain relationship in tension and compression. The

reinforcement is modeled as a linear elastic – perfectly plastic material. An incremental iterative procedure is adopted with secant stiffness approach for the present nonlinear

finite element analysis. The present model is capable of retrieving the load at the

initiation of the first crack, the load at the failure and type of failure of beam-column sub-assemblage. The numerical model is also able to locate the position and depth of cracks

occurred in the joint assembly under the assumed boundary condition and applied loading. The results of numerical analysis are compared with experimental values and

they are in good agreements.

Keywords: Exterior beam column joint, reinforced concrete, monotonic load,

nonlinear analysis, secant stiffness, plastic hinge, finite element formulation

RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Liquefaction Behavior of Clean Sand for Various Sample

Sizes Using Triaxial Tests

S. R. Pathak, R. S. Dalvi*

College of Engineering Pune, Wellesley Road, Shivajinager, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract A total of 54 isotropically consolidated un-drained triaxial compression tests on various

sample sizes were conducted to study the effect of sample size on liquefaction behavior of

clean sand. Specimens were prepared using moist placement and dry deposition methods with different initial relative densities and tested for different confining pressures. It was

observed that as the sample size increases, deviator stress also increases. Peak value of

deviator stress increased as the confining pressure and relative density increased for all sample sizes for moist placement method. After reaching peak, deviator stress remained

constant for large percentage of axial strain for smaller sample size, while larger-size sample offered maximum resistance to liquefaction. However, for dry deposition method

opposite trend was observed especially for smaller sample sizes. Unstable zone already

established by authors has been studied for all sample sizes with these two sample preparation methods. The ratio of excess pore pressure to mean effective stress at the

maximum pore pressure point has been defined. The threshold value of this ratio has been found to indicate the transition from contractive to dilative behavior.

Keywords: Clean sand, triaxial compression, sample size, liquefaction, unstable

zone, un-drained testing

RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2249-8753 (online), ISSN: 2321-6476 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Experimental Studies on Modified Sequential Batch

Reactor Using High Density Poly Ethylene as a Media

Ashi Sudhakar P. K., Aravind S.*, Gobinath R., Shobana K. S.

Department of Civil engineering, Jay Shriram Group of Institutions, Avinashipalayam,

Tirupur, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract Dairy industry wastewater is being a challenge to the environment. The effluent from the diary industries contain high amount of sulphate, sulphide, ammonia, chloride, nitrate,

oil and grease, etc. To treat dairy waste water many methods were developed by

researchers in the last few decades. Modified sequencing batch reactors (MSBRs) process used for different type of wastewater such as municipal wastewater, landfill leachate,

dairy wastewater slaughter house, etc. Main operating parameters and MSBR technique

are cycle time, aeration time, volume of reactor, hydraulic detention time (HRT) and other parameters. In present study the treatment efficiency of the reactor is determined by

considering the removal of certain parameters like COD, BOD, nitrate, ammonia, sulphate, sulphide, chloride, oil and grease, etc. The active working of MSBR, in this

study, was done by introducing high density poly ethylene (HDPE) as medium and also

by varying the aeration time.

Keywords: modified sequential batch reactor, dairy waste water, COD, BOD, nitrate,

oil and grease, aeration time, HDPE media