(JoADMS)Jan - April 2014

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical www.stmjournals.com

May - August 2014

Journal of Construction Engineering

Technology & Management(JoCETM)

ISSN: 2347 - 7253

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Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management

Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management

(ISSN: 2347-7253)

?Planning and Management of the Construction of Structures

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Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

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Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

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Varanasi, India

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Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India

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STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

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Former Director, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India.

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of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

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Rourkela, India.

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AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

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University, Baru Sahib, India.

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Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Editorial Board

Ammar Frederick Al-BaziCoventry University,

United Kingdom.

Bibhuti Bhusan DasSr. Associate Professor, National

Institute of Construction Management and Research (NICMAR) Goa Campus Ponda,

Goa, India.

S. P. AgrawalChief Scientist & Adviser

Central Building Research Institute Roorkee, India.

Yogesh K. GargDepartment of Architecture and Planning

MANIT, Bhopal.

Rajindra Kumar PanditProfessor, Madhav Institute of Technology

& Science, Gwalior 474005, India.

BaskarKaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department of Civil

Engineering, National Institute of Technology Trichy-620015 India.

S. K. SinghPrincipal Scientist, Structural Engg. Group & AssociateProfessor, AcSIR,

CSIR-Central Building Research Institute Roorkee,(Uttarakhand), India.

Ajay ChourasiaPrincipal Scientist CSIR-Central

Building Research Institute Roorkee, India.

Harpal SinghCentral Building Research Institute,

Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

Pradeep Kumar Singh ChauhanCSIR-Central Building Research

Institution Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

Neeraj JainScientist,

Roorkee, India.Central Building

Research Institute,

P. C. ThapliyalPrincipal Scientist,

Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee, India.

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (2)] Journal of

Construction Engineering, Technology & Management (JoCETM) .The intension of JoCETM is to

create an atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of construction

engineering, technology & management .

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoCETM provides an outlet for Research findings

and Reviews in areas of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management found to be

relevant for National and International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Construction Engineering.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Review findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. Cost Objective Model for Construction Equipment Replacement Policies Raji Al-Ani, Annas Al-Saadie 1

2. Safety Issues with Tower Crane and Remedial Measures P. S. Gandhak, Rahul Wankhade 14

3. Stakeholder's Perception of the Causes and Effects of Construction Delays on Project Delivery: A ReviewP. S. Gandhak, Syed. Sabihuddin 22

4. Water Permeability of Hybrid Steel Fiber Reinforced ConcreteM P Singh, S P Singh, A P Singh 30

5. The Role of Cost Estimation/Tendering in Engineering Projects in NigeriaGeorge N. Osaghae 38

ContentsJournal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management

JoCETM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management ISSN: 2249-4723 (online), ISSN: 2347-7253 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Cost Objective Model for Construction Equipment

Replacement Policies

Raji Al-Ani1*, Annas Al-Saadie

2

1Engineering Project Management, Al-Mustakbal University College

2Engineering Project Management, Isra University

Abstract Most construction companies, particularly companies whose projects are primarily constructed with earthmoving equipment, depend heavily on their construction equipment

fleets, which represent substantial locked capital investment and require acceptable

utilization levels to recover expenses incurred and losses from this investment. The equipment, which possesses a finite physical and economic life, inevitably requires

replacement, and equipment maintenance costs increase with the equipment life. Different

methodologies are employed to establish the replacement schedules of construction equipment, including a cost optimization model that identifies the best schedule for

optimizing (minimizing) expenses. This paper investigates the mechanics of one of the most widely used replacement analysis theories and its implementation in a practical and

simple mathematical cost optimization model. This research develops an objective

function, which utilizes data sheets provided by equipment manufacturers that can be applied to any type of heavy construction equipment. A Matlab program was employed as

a decision-making computer-aided tool to assist the project manager or the procurement

department in setting the replacement policies for the company projects.

Keywords: construction equipment, earthmoving equipment, optimization model

*Author for Correspondence E-mail: raji.alani@yahoo.ca

JoCETM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management ISSN: 2249-4723 (online), ISSN: 2347-7253 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Safety Issues with Tower Crane and Remedial Measures

P. S. Gandhak1*, Rahul Wankhade

2

1Civil Engineering Dept., P R Patil Institute of Polytechnic, Amravati, India

2Department of Civil Engineering, Prof. Ram Meghe College of Engg & Management, Badnera, India

Abstract Tower cranes are the focus of execution on today’s typical building construction sites.

Tower crane has to hoist and transport a variety of loads near and above people, under

crowded conditions, occasionally with overlapping work zones, and often within time, budget, and labor constraints. This leads to the safety risk on sites that are intrinsically

hazardous. This paper identifies the major factors affecting safety of tower-crane and

evaluates the degree to which each factor influences ongoing safety on site. It uses

accidental data on accident alone is ruled out as a source of information due to the

countless number of incidents that go unreported, the common inability of accidental data is to provide root causes, as a predictor of accidents. With the limited resources available

for safety improvement and accident prevention, greater attention must be paid by all

parties involved to those factors evaluated as highly affecting site safety due to tower-crane work.

Keywords: tower crane, construction safety, equipment’s, safety practices, standards

JoCETM (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management ISSN: 2249-4723 (online), ISSN: 2347-7253 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Stakeholder’s Perception of the Causes and Effects of

Construction Delays on Project Delivery: A Review

P. S. Gandhak1*, Syed. Sabihuddin

2

1Civil Engineering Dept., P R Patil Institute of Polytechnic, Amravati, India

2Dept. of Civil Engg., Prof. Ram Meghe College of Engineering & Management, Badnera, India

Abstract Indian construction industry is large, volatile, and requires tremendous capital outlays. Typically, the work offers low rates of return in relation to the amount of risk involved. A

unique element of risk in the industry is the manner in which disputes and claims are

woven through the fiber of the construction process. Delay is generally acknowledged as the most common, costly, complex and risky problem encountered in construction

projects. Because of the overriding importance of time for both the owner and the

contractor, it is the source of frequent disputes and claims leading to lawsuits. The growing rate of delays is adversely affecting the timely delivery of construction projects.

Presently, construction industries are facing a lot of problems, considering that a paper assess construction stakeholder’s perception to the causes of delays and its effects on

project delivery. And also one case study is considered in this paper to elicit responses

from construction stakeholders. The primary aim of this paper is to identify the perceptions of the different parties regarding causes of delays, the allocation of

responsibilities and the types of delays, and method of minimizing the construction

delays.

Keywords: delay, project delivery, stake holders, cost over run

JoCETM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management ISSN: 2249-4723 (online), ISSN: 2347-7253 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

Water Permeability of Hybrid Steel Fiber

Reinforced Concrete

M P Singh, S P Singh*, A P Singh Dr. B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India

Abstract Results of an investigation conducted to study the water permeability of (HySFRC) are

presented. Steel fibers of different lengths, i.e., 12.5, 25 and 50 mm having constant

diameter of 0.6 mm were systematically combined in different mix proportions to obtain mono, binary and ternary combinations corresponding to 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% fiber volume

fractions. A reference concrete mix containing no fibers was also cast for comparison

purpose. A total number of 480 cube specimens of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm were tested for water permeability at 7, 28, 90 and 120 days of curing. Though the compressive

strength and split tensile strength tests were also conducted, the results are not reported in this paper. However, the results of compressive strength tests and split tensile tests

have been used to arrive at the most appropriate fiber combination. It has, therefore,

been observed that a fiber combination of 33% 12.5 mm + 33% 25 mm + 33% 50 mm long fibers can be adjudged as the most appropriate combination to be employed in

HySFRC for water permeability, compressive strength and split tensile strength requirements.

Keywords: compressive strength, fiber reinforced concrete, hybrid steel fiber

reinforced concrete, water permeability

JoCETM (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management ISSN: 2249-4723 (online), ISSN: 2347-7253 (print)

Volume 4, Issue 2

www.stmjournals.com

The Role of Cost Estimation/Tendering in Engineering

Projects in Nigeria

George N. Osaghae* Energy Commission of Nigeria, Plot 701c Central Area, P.M.B. 358 Garki-Abuja, Nigeria

Abstract Energy is the bedrock of development of any nations as the overall development of the

economy is tied to its energy supply. Despite the potential huge deposit of energy

resources in the world, adequate provision of infrastructure to raise the living standard of the people has always been denied. Energy supply contracts most times are stalled due

to factors attributable to poor cost planning and failure to adopt a suitable method for

price adjustments or incentivized pay and among others as hiring the wrong contractors, setting unrealistic goals, inadequate contract details, inflexible contracts, having limited

or poor understanding of expectations, poor project and contract management by the engineers and energy contractors, failure to understand scope or statement of work

before bidding or contract negotiations. The beneficial role played by effective cost

estimation in contracts which is preceded by a project execution, necessitated the paramount need for this technical paper. This paper discusses cost estimation methods

and how various elements of cost estimation are prepared for engineering contracts.

Keywords: cost estimation, tendering, electrical energy, engineering contracts,

engineers, consultants