Jan -April 2014

(RTCET)

ISSN: 2321-6476

STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical

STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was

launched in the year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board

members from renowned institutes.

Objectives of STM Publication(s):

?Scientific, Technical and Medical research promotions.

?Publication of genuine Research/Review, Short Articles and Case Studies through proper review

process.

?Publishing Special Issues on Conferences.

?Preparing online platform for other print Journals.

?Empowering the libraries with online and print Journals in Scientific, Technical and Medical

domains.

?Publishing and distribution of books on various subjects which mainly falls in the category of

Nanotechnology, Scientific and technical writing & Environment, Health and Safety.

Salient Features:

?A bouquet of 100+ Journals that fall under Science, Technical & Medical domains.

?Employs Open Journals System (OJS) A Journal Management & Publishing System.

?The first and one of the fastest growing publication website in India as well as in abroad for its quality

and coverage.

?Rapid online submission and publication of papers, soon after their formal acceptance/ finalization.

?Facilitates linking with the other authors or professionals.

?Worldwide circulation and visibility.

Focus and Scope Covers

?

is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM Journals

(division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. Pvt.) The views expressed in the articles do not necessarily

reflect of the Publisher. The publisher does not endorse the quality or value of the advertised/sponsored products

described therein. Please consult full prescribing information before issuing a prescription for any products mentioned in

this publication.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system or transmitted in any from without written

permission of the publisher.

To cite any of the material contained in this Journal, in English or translation, please use the full English reference at the

beginning of each article. To reuse any of the material, please contact STM Journals (info@stmjournals.com)

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

(ISSN: 2321–6476)

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

Civil Engineering in General, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering and its Allied Areas.

?Highways & Transportation Engineering

?Railways Engineering and Coastal Engineering

?Surveying and Other Verticals

?Hydraulics & Water Power Engineering

? Geomatics, Geosciences, Remote Sensing, Geographical Information systems

?Aerosol Optical Properties, Aerosol Microphysical Properties

STM Publication(s)

STM Journals (division of Consortium e-Learning Network Private Ltd. ) having its Marketing office located at Office

No. 4, First Floor, CSC pocket E Market, Mayur Vihar Phase II, New Delhi-110091, India is the Publisher of Journal.

Statements and opinions expressed in the Journal reflect the views of the author(s) and are not the opinion of STM

Journals unless so stated.

Subscription Information and Order:

Cost of Journal:

? National Subscription: Rs. 3750/- per Journal (includes 3 print issues), Single Issue copy purchase Rs.1500/copy

? International Subscription:

? Online Only- $99, Print Only-$149 (includes 3 print issues)

? Online + Print-$199 (includes 3 print issues + online access of published back volumes )

To purchase print compilation of back issues please send your query at info@stmjournals.com

Subscription must be prepaid. Rates outside the India includes speed delivery charges. Prices subject to change

without notice.

Mode of Payment: At par cheque, Demand draft, and RTGS (payment to be made in favor of

Consortium E-Learning Network. Pvt. ltd., payable at Delhi/New Delhi.

Online Access Policy

A). For Authors:

In order to provide maximum citation and wide publicity to the authors work, STM Journals also have Open Access

Policy, authors who would like to get their work open access can opt for Optional Open Access publication at

nominal cost as follows

India, SARC and African Countries: INR 2500 or 100 USD including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

Other Countries: USD 200 including single hard copy of Author's Journal.

B.) For Subscribers:

? Online access will be activated within 72 hours of receipt of the payment (working days), subject to receipt of

correct information on user details/Static IP address of the subscriber.

? The access will be blocked:

? If the user requests for the same and furnishes valid reasons for blocking.

? Due to technical issue.

? Misuse of the access rights as per the access policy.

Advertising and Commercial Reprint Inquiries: STM Journals with wide circulation and visibility offer an excellent

media for showcasing/promotion of your products/services and the events-namely, Conferences, Symposia/Seminars

etc. These journals have very high potential to deliver the message across the targeted audience regularly with each

published issue. The advertisements on bulk subscriptions, gift subscriptions or reprint purchases for distribution etc. are

also very welcome.

Lost Issue Claims: Please note the following when applying for lost or missing issues:

? Claims for print copies lost will be honored only after 45 days of the dispatch date and before publication of the

next issue as per the frequency.

? Tracking id for the speed post will be provided to all our subscribers and the claims for the missing Journals will

be entertained only with the proofs which will be verified at both the ends.

? Claims filed due to insufficient (or no notice) of change of address will not be honored.

? Change of Address of Dispatch should be intimated to STM Journals at least 2 months prior to the dispatch

schedule as per the frequency by mentioning subscriber id and the subscription id.

? Refund requests will not be entertained.

Legal Disputes

All the legal disputes are subjected to Delhi Jurisdiction only.

If you have any questions, please contact the Publication Management Team:

info@stmjournals.com; Tel : +91 0120-4781211.

Chairman

Mr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)

Noida ,India

Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra

DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India

Puneet Pandeya

ManagerMonika Malhotra

Assistant Manager

Assistant Editors

Aditya Sanyal

Himani Garg

Himani Pandey

Publication Management Team

Internal Members

External Members

Dr. Bimlesh Lochab

Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance

Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)

Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India

Prof. S. Ramaprabhu

Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,

Department of Physics,

Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India

Dr. Rajiv Prakash

School of Materials Science and Technology,

Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,

Varanasi, India

Dr. Rakesh Kumar

Assistant Professor, Department of

Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,

Patna, India

Associate Editors

Gargi Asha Jha

Nupur Anand

Priyanka Aswal

Sona Chahal

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,

Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,

Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research

(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department

of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of

Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,

Rourkela, India.

Prof. D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,

AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community

Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.

Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,

Pune, India.

Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal

University, Baru Sahib, India.

Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,

National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.

Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral

Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.

Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials

Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.

Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,

Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.

Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics

Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.

Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,

Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,

Aurangabad, India.

Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,

Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India

Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical

Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,

Chandigarh, India.

STM Journal (s) Advisory Board

Editorial Board

Dr. Nilanchal Patel Professor Department of Remote Sensing

Birla Institute of Technology Mesra (A Deemed University),

Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Prof. (Dr.) Shamsher Bahadur SinghCivil Engineering Department Vidya Vihar

Campus Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan, India.

Dr. Vasant Matsagar Indian Institute of Technology

(IIT) Delhi, India.

Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor Department of Civil

Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.

Professor Ashvani Kumar Gosain Department of Civil Engineering Indian

Insitute of Technology Delhi, India.

Prof. Rajiv Gupta Birla Institute of Technology and Science,

Pilani, India.

Professor Jyant KumarProfessor, Civil Engineering Department,

Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.

Professor D Nagesh KumarProfessor Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, India.

Dr. Pranab Kumar MohapatraUniversity of South Carolina Columbia

SC, USA, United States.

Prof S. MohanIndian Institute of Technology, Madras

Chennai, India.

Editorial Board

Dr. S. P. Agrawal Chief Scientist & Adviser Central

Building Research Institute ROORKEE, India.

Sekhar Kumar Chakrabarti Professor Department of Civil Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur 208016, India.

Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Das Sr. Associate Professor, National Institute of

Construction Management and Research (NICMAR) Goa Campus Ponda, Goa, India.

Dr. P V SivapulliahDepartment of Civil Engineering Indian

Institute of Science Bangalore - 560 012, India.

Dr. P. C. ThapliyalPrincipal Scientist, The Central Building

Research Institute, Roorkee, India.

Dr. Nagendra RoyNational Institute of Technology Rourkela,

India.

Dr. Sukhdeo KaradeCSIR-Central Building Research Institute,

Roorkee and AcSIR, India

I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Recent

Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology (RTCET). The intension of RTCET is to create an

atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Civil Engineering &

Technology.

The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by

eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. RTCET provides an outlet for Research findings

and reviews in areas of Civil Engineering & Technology found to be relevant for National and

International recent developments & research initiative.

The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for

the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and

research in the domain of Civil Engineering & Technology.

Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for

their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-

ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With

regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality

Research/Reviesw findings for our customers base.

I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.

Dr. Archana Mehrotra

Director

STM Journals

Director's Desk

STM JOURNALS

1. A Remote Sensing Approach for Monitoring Seasonal Variations in the Water Quality of Lake Guaiba, Southern Brazil Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil, Nilceia Bianchini 1

2. Effect of Fiber Hybridization on Compressive Strength and Water Permeability of Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete MP Singh, SP Singh, AP Singh 11

3. Experimental Research on the Effect of Manufactured Sand as Fine Aggregate on Concrete Performance S. Arivalagan 17

4. Luxuriating the Dexterity of GIS into Environmental Engineering and Environmental Science Ayesha Alam Khurram 23

5. Suitability of Crushed Ceramic Tiles as Fine Aggregates in Cement Mortar Ravindra R, Anand Kumar BG, Patil Rooparchana 33

ContentsRecent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology

RTCET (2014) 1-10 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 1

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2321-6476

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

A Remote Sensing Approach for Monitoring Seasonal

Variations in the Water Quality of Lake Guaiba,

Southern Brazil

Bijeesh Kozhikkodan Veettil1*, Nilceia Bianchini

2

1Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

2Housing and Urban Development Company (CDHU), Rua Boa Vista, 170, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Abstract Freshwater resources in the tropics are subjected to high rate of pollution due to algal

blooms during the summer and due to particulate and organic waste discharge from

urban areas during spring. Landsat TM images were used to calculate biochemical oxygen demand and turbidity of Lake Guaiba in Southern Brazil during 2010–2011. The

results obtained were compared with the values derived from a yearlong sampling data which were analyzed in a laboratory by the municipal department of water and sewage.

It is seen that both the in situ and remote sensing approach give comparable results. The

remote sensing method was extended to the last 10 years to understand how water quality parameters have been changed. It is found that BOD and turbidity levels were higher

during the beginning of summer months compared to the end. The possible causes of

changes in the pollution levels, whether due to blooms or suspended sediments, were also investigated in this study. It is hypothesized that major causative agent of reduction in

water quality was urban waste itself during the rainy season and not due to the accumulation of poisonous substances due to algal blooms in summer. Effective methods

to separate particulates of various sizes before reaching the drainage systems are yet to

be developed to reduce the discharge of particulates to this freshwater source.

Keywords: Lake Guaiba, biochemical oxygen demand, landsat, pollution monitoring,

algal blooms, turbidity

RTCET (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2321-6476

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Effect of Fiber Hybridization on Compressive

Strength and Water Permeability of Steel Fiber

Reinforced Concrete

MP Singh, SP Singh*, AP Singh Dr BR Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India

Abstract The paper presents results of an investigation conducted to study the compressive

strength and water permeability of hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete (HySFRC). Steel fibers of different lengths, i.e., 12.5, 25 and 50 mm having constant diameter of 0.6 mm

were systematically combined in different mix proportions to obtain mono, binary and ternary combinations. Mixes with no fibers were also cast for comparison purpose. Three

fiber volume fractions, i.e., 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% were used in the investigation. A total

number of 132 cube specimens of size 100 × 100 × 100 mm were tested for compressive strength and water permeability. It has been observed that a fiber combination of 33%

12.5 mm + 33% 25 mm + 33% 50 mm long fibers can be adjudged as the most

appropriate combination to be employed in HySFRC for compressive strength and water permeability requirements.

Keywords: Fiber reinforced concrete, hybrid steel fiber reinforced concrete,

water permeability

RTCET (2014) 17-22 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 17

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2321-6476

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Experimental Research on the Effect of Manufactured

Sand as Fine Aggregate on Concrete Performance

S. Arivalagan* Department of Civil Engineering, Dr. M. G. R. Educational and Research Institute University,

Dr. M. G. R. University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Currently, river sand obtained from natural resources is used as a fine aggregate in

concrete works in the construction of buildings, bridges, dams, rigid pavements, etc., as a

filler material in sub-grades and sub-bases of flexible pavements and in all other important structures in the field of civil engineering. In several districts, there are a few

numbers of rivers that have only a shorter length, in such a way that yield of sand would be minimum and their conveyance would also be uneconomical. Besides, in several areas

which are more hill-prone and availability of rock and hence crushed stones is abundant,

use of manufactured sand in place of river sand will be more economical. These factors have resulted in finding an alternate source of material for sand as a fine aggregate in

the construction field. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete and its behavior using manufactured sand as fine aggregate in the

construction field.

Keywords: Manufactured sand, fine aggregate, natural sand, flexural strength

RTCET (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2321-6476

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Luxuriating the Dexterity of GIS into Environmental

Engineering and Environmental Science

Ayesha Alam Khurram* Design Lab, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive and rigorous research about technological

applications of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in the fields of environmental

engineering and environmental science. GIS is a geo-innovative intelligent system that is availed to get geo-spatial statistics, to map the geo-environment, to explore and model

the geographic changes, and to envision earth geographically over a period of time. The

utter geo-mapping technology of GIS is explored that displays indispensable environmental attributes through a legible, shrewd, and assessable format cost-

effectively. The knack of GIS is that it analyzes geo-spatial data to such perfection that any other spatial analyzing tool might not or would require much more labor than using

GIS. GIS is proved to be a dexterous and commodious tool for gathering and formulating

the environmental data in most of the environmental fields. Spatial data is processed smoothly within GIS and is so lucid that any researcher or environmental planner can

cope with it in an easy manner. This research enlightens the fact that the dynamism of GIS has not yet been fully explored and this systematic technology will offer much more

benefits to the mankind in the eras to come. A brief paragraph about GIS limitations is

also included in this paper.

Keywords: Geographic Information Systems (GIS), geo-environment, geo-mapping,

spatial data, environmental attributes

RTCET (2014) 33-37 © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved Page 33

Recent Trends in Civil Engineering & Technology ISSN: 2321-6476

Volume 4, Issue 1

www.stmjournals.com

Suitability of Crushed Ceramic Tiles as Fine Aggregates

in Cement Mortar

Ravindra R, Anand Kumar BG*,

Patil Rooparchana

R V College of Engineering, Bangalore, India

Abstract Recycled aggregates shall make a vital contribution towards the reuse of construction demolition waste which is otherwise dumped indiscriminately. The technical feasibility of

utilization of crushed waste ceramic tiles as fine aggregates in cement mortar is studied. Physical characterization and comparison of the ceramic fine aggregates (CFAs) with

natural fine aggregates (NFAs) was carried out and strength properties of cement mortar

with ceramic fine aggregate were studied. The result was promising for a replacement

ratio of natural fine aggregate with ceramic fine aggregate of 10%.

Keywords: Ceramic tile, natural fine aggregate, ceramic fine aggregate, compressive

strength, density, sieve analysis