raj board class 12 book - rasayan prayogik - 2

8/12/2019 Raj Board Class 12 Book - Rasayan Prayogik - 2

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t;iqj

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cksMZ }kjk miyC/k djk, x;s58 th-,l-,e- heokWo isij IS:18481848184818481848/20072007200720072007 ,oa130 th-,l-,e-

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14- izkstsDV dk;Z 120

AglaSem School
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1

v/;k; & 1v/;k; & 1v/;k; & 1v/;k; & 1v/;k; & 1

i`"Bh; jlk;ui`"Bh; jlk;ui`"Bh; jlk;ui`"Bh; jlk;ui`"Bh; jlk;u

okLrfod foy;u esafoys; dsd.k foyk;d dsd.kksadslkFk lekafxd :i esa fefJr gkstkrsgSavkSj bl izdkj ,dgh izkoLFkk cukrsgSaA ijUrqdksykWbMh foy;u ,d fo"kekaxh fudk; gksrk gS ftlesa ,d inkFkZdsvR;f/kd ckjhd d.kifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkk nwljsinkFkZ esa] ftlsifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;e dgrsgSa( ifjf{kIr gksrsgSaA ifjf{kIr izkoLFkk dsd.k ifj{ksi.kek/;e dsd.kksa ds lkFk ,d izkoLFkk ughacukrsD;ksafd ;k rks osvR;f/kd cM+s v.kq gksrsgSa;k vko';d :i lsNksVsv.kqvksadk iqat gksrsgSaA dksykWbMh d.k lkekU; v.kqvksa lsvkdkj esa cM+s gksrsgSa ijUrqbrusNksVsgksrsgSfd ifj{ksi.k ek/;e esa fuyafcrjgsa 109 - 106 m LVkpZ] xksan vkSj izksVhu vR;f/kd cM+s v.kqvksads dqN mnkgj.k gStksdksykWbMh ifj{ksi.k cukrs gSatcfddksykWbMh lYQj NksVsv.kqvksa ds iqat dk mnkgj.k gSA bldsvfrfjDr] ,d fo"kekaxh fudk; ftlesa ifjf{kIr izkoLFkk Bkslgks vkSj ifj{ksi.k ek/;e o gks]lkWy dgykrh gSA ifjf{kIr izkoLFkk vkSj ifj{ksi.k ek/;e dschp vU;ksU;f;kvksa dsvk/kkj

ij dksykWbMh lkWyksa dksojkxhojkxhojkxhojkxhojkxh foyk;d vkdf"kZr djusokys vkSjo fojkxho fojkxho fojkxho fojkxho fojkxh foyk;d izfrdf"kZr djusokys ukednksoxks esa ckVk tk ldrk gSA ;fn ifj{ksi.k dk ek/;e ty gks rksbldsfy, tyjkxh vkSj ty fojkxh 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx fd;ktkrk gSA vaM ,YC;wfeu] LVkpZ vkSj xksan ojkxh lkWy gSaA rktscuk, x, Qsfjd gkbMkWDlkbM] ,syqfefu;e gkbMkWDlkbMvkSjvklZsfu;l lYQkbM lkWy ofojkxh lkWyksads mnkgj.k gSaA dksykWbMksa dks cukusdh dqN fof/k;k gS a& jklk;fudfof/k;k] fo|qrh; fo?kVu vkSj isIVuA bl v/;k; esa vki nksuksa izdkj ds lkWy cukuk lh[ksaxsA

iz;ksx 1iz;ksx 1iz;ksx 1iz;ksx 1iz;ksx 1m s';m s';m s';m s';m s';

dojkxh vkSj [k ofojkxh lkWy cukukA

fl)karfl)karfl)karfl)karfl)kar

o jkxh lkWyksaesa ifjf{kIr izkoLFkk dsd.kksadk ifj{ksi.k ek/;e dsd.kksa dh vksj vkd"kZ.k gksrk gSvr% ;g lkWyofojkxh lkWyksadh vis{kk vf/kd LFkkbZgksrsgSaA lkWyksads LFkkf;Ro ds fy, mkjnk;h nks dkjd gS& vkos'k vkSj foyk;d d.kksadk foyk;d ;kstuA ojkxh lkWyksaa dk LFkkf;Ro eq[;r% dksykWbMh d.kksa ds foyk;d ;kstu ds dkj.k gksrk gStcfdofojkxh lkWy dksykWbMh d.kksa dsvkos'k }kjk LFkkf;Ro izkIr djrsgSaA viusvkos'k dsdkj.k dksykWbMh d.k foy;u esa fuyafcrjgrsgSa vkSj Ldanu ughagksrkA ;g vkos'k _.kkRed vFkok /kukRed gksldrsgSaA _.kkRed vkos'k okyslkWy dsdqN mnkgj.kgSaLVkpZvkSj vklsZfu;l lYQkbMA Qsfjd DyksjkbM dksxje ty dsvkf/kD; esafeykusij ty;ksftr Qsfjd vkWDlkbMdk /ku vkosf'kr lkWy curk gS rFkk tc Qsfjd DyksjkbM dksNaOH foy;u feykusls ty;ksftr vkWDlkbM dk _.kvkosf'kr lkWy curk gSA ojkxh lkWy] inkFkZdkslh/ksgh mi;qDr o esa feykdj vkSj foyksfM+r djdscu tkrsgSaA o fojkxhlkWyksadkslh/ksgh foyk;d esa feykdj foyksfM+r djuslsughacuk;k tk ldrkA bUgsa cukusdsfy, fo'ks"k fof/k;kviukbZtkrh gSaA

vko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhchdj & ,d vaMk & ,d okWp Xykl & ,d lksfM;e DyksjkbM & 5 gikWflZysu I;kyh & ,d Qsfjd DyksjkbM & 2 gekid flysaMj & ,d ,syqfefu;e DyksjkbM & 2 gfiisV & ,d LVkpZ@xksan & 500 mgva'kkfdr fiisV & ,d vklsZfu;l vkWDlkbM & 0.2 g

AglaSem School
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izf;k &izf;k &izf;k &izf;k &izf;k &

d ojkxh lkWy cukukAd ojkxh lkWy cukukAd ojkxh lkWy cukukAd ojkxh lkWy cukukAd ojkxh lkWy cukukAI. vaM ,YC;wfeu lkWy &

(i) ,d 250 mL dschdj esa lksfM;e DyksjkbM ds 5% (w/V) tyh; foy;u ds 100 mL cuk,aAii ,d ikWlhZysu I;kyh esa vaMk rksM+dj Mkysa vkSj fiisV ls ,YC;wfeu fudky dj lksfM;e DyksjkbM

foy;u esaMkysaA ;g lqfuf'pr djusds fy, fd lkWy vPNh rjg cu tk, blsvPNh rjg lsfoyksfM+r djsaA

II. LVkpZ@xksan dk lkWy &

(i) 250 mLdschdj esa ekid flysaMj dh lgk;rk ls 100 mL vklqr ty ekidj ysavkSj mckysaA

ii LVkpZvFkok xksan dk xje ty esa ysi cuk dj blsin esa rS;kj fd, x, mcyrsty esayxkrkj foyksM+u dslkFk feyk,aA ty dksysi feykusdsckn bl feuV rd mckyrsvkSj foyksfM+r djrsjgsaA cuk ,x,lkWy dh izHkko mRikndrk tkpusdsfy, bldh rqyuk ewy ysi lsdjsaA

[k ofojkxh lkWy cukukA[k ofojkxh lkWy cukukA[k ofojkxh lkWy cukukA[k ofojkxh lkWy cukukA[k ofojkxh lkWy cukukA

I. Qsfjd gkbMkWDlkbM@,syqfefu;e gkbMkWDlkbM lkWy &

(i) ,d 250 mL dschdj esa 100 mL vklqr ty ysdj mckysaA

ii mcyrs gq, ty esa 2 g Qsfjd DyksjkbM@,syqfefu;e DyksjkbM ikmMj feyk,avkSj vPNh rjg foyksfM+rdjsaA

(iii) ,d nwljs250 mLdschdj esa 100 mL vklqr ty ekidj ysa vkSj mckysaA

iv in ii esa cuk, x, Qsfjd DyksjkbM@,yqfefu;e DyksjkbM foy;u ds10 mL foy;u dkscwn&cwndjdsmcyrsgq, ty esafoyksfM+r djrsgq, feyk,aA ty dksHkwjk@lQsn lkWy izkIr gksus rd mckyrs jgsaA

II. vklsZfu;l lYQkbM lkWy &(i) ,d 250 mL {kerk okyschdj esa 100 mL vklqr ty ysaA

ii blesa 0.2 g vklsZfu;l vkWDlkbM feyk,avkSj chdj dh lkexzh dks mckysaA

(iii) foy;u dksBaMk djsa vkSj fuLiafnr dj ysaA

iv fuLiafnr foy;u esa lsH2S xSl rc rd izokfgr djsa tc rd blesa lsH

2S dh xa/k u vkusyxsH

2S

xSlizokfgr djusdsfy, fdi midj.k dk iz;ksx djsaA(v) lkWy dks/khjs&/khjsxje djds mlesalsH

2S xSl fudky nsavkSj blsfuLiafnr dj ysaA

(vi) fuLian dksvklsZfu;l lYQkbM lkWy yscy djsaA

iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2

m s';m s';m s';m s';m s';

fofHkUu rsyksa dsik;lksa dsLFkkbZdj.k esa ik;lhdeZdksa dh Hkwfedk dk v/;;u


ik;l ,slsdksykWbM gksrsgSaftlesa ifjf{kIr izkoLFkk vkSj ifj{ksi.k ek/;e nksuksagh o gksrsgSaA;gk ifjf{kIr izkoLFkk vkSj ifj{ksi.k ek/;e dksmudh ijLij vkisf{kd ek=k lsigpkuk tkrk gSA tkso de vuqikr esagksrk gS lsifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkifjf{kIr izkoLFkkdgrsgSa tcfd nwljk] tks vis{kkd`r vf/kd ek=k esa gksrk gS] ifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;eifj{ksi.k ek/;edgykrk gSA

AglaSem School
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vko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzh

ij[kufy;k & N% lkcqu viektZd & 5 gMkWij & ikp ljlksadk rsy] & izR;sd 10 mLij[kuyh LVSaM & ,d vylh dk rsy]dkp dh NM+ & ,d ,jaM dk rsy vkSjLVkWi okWp & ,d e'khu dk rsy


(i) ,d ij[kuyh esa 10 mL vklqr ty ysdj mlesa 1 glkcqu@viektZd feykdj rsth lsfgykdj dj /kksysa vkSjvko';d gksusij ij[kuyh dh lkexzh dksxje djsa vkSj bl ij[kuyh dks^d* ukekafdr djsaA

(ii) pkj ij[kufy;k ysdj mUgsa ^[k*] x* ?k* vkSj ^p* fpfUgr djsa rFkk izR;sd ij[kuyh esa 5 mL vklqr ty Mkyusdsckn e'k% ij[kuyh [k* esa ljlksa dk rsy] ij[kuyh x* esa vylh dk rsy] ij[kuyh ?k* esa ,jaM dk rsy rFkk ij[kuyhesa ^p* esa e'khu dk rsy feyk,aA

iii ij[kuyh [k* dksikp feuV rd tksj lsfgyk,a] blsij[kuyh LVSaM esa j[k nsa vkSj lkFk gh LVkWi okWp pyknsaA nksijrsa cuusesa yxsle; dksuksV djsaA

iv ;gh izf;k ij[kuyh ^x*] ^?k* vkSj ^p* dslkFk nksgjk,avkSj izR;sd iz;ksx esa nksijrksa dsvyx gksusesa yxkle; fjdkWMZdjsaA

v vc ij[kuyh d* lsizR;sd ij[kuyh [k] x] ?k vkSj p esa nkscwnsa lkcqu@viektZd ds?kksy dh feyk,aA izR;sdij[kuyh dksikp feuV rd fgyk,a vkSj izR;sd iz;ksx esa nksijrksa dsvyx gksusdsle; dksfjdkWMZ djsaA

vi vius voyksduksa dkslkj.kh 1-1 dsfooj.k dsvuqlkj fjdkWMZdjsaA

lkj.kh 1-1 fofHkUu rsyksa dk lkcqu@viektZd }kjk ik;lhdj.klkj.kh 1-1 fofHkUu rsyksa dk lkcqu@viektZd }kjk ik;lhdj.klkj.kh 1-1 fofHkUu rsyksa dk lkcqu@viektZd }kjk ik;lhdj.klkj.kh 1-1 fofHkUu rsyksa dk lkcqu@viektZd }kjk ik;lhdj.klkj.kh 1-1 fofHkUu rsyksa dk lkcqu@viektZd }kjk ik;lhdj.kij[kuyhij[kuyhij[kuyhij[kuyhij[kuyh ik;l cukus dsik;l cukus dsik;l cukus dsik;l cukus dsik;l cukus ds ijrksa ds vyx gksus esa yxk le;ijrksa ds vyx gksus esa yxk le;ijrksa ds vyx gksus esa yxk le;ijrksa ds vyx gksus esa yxk le;ijrksa ds vyx gksus esa yxk le;dk fooj.kdk fooj.kdk fooj.kdk fooj.kdk fooj.kfy, iz;ksx fd, x,fy, iz;ksx fd, x,fy, iz;ksx fd, x,fy, iz;ksx fd, x,fy, iz;ksx fd, x, fcuk lkcqu@fcuk lkcqu@fcuk lkcqu@fcuk lkcqu@fcuk lkcqu@ lkcqu@lkcqu@lkcqu@lkcqu@lkcqu@

rsy dk ukersy dk ukersy dk ukersy dk ukersy dk uke viektZd dsviektZd dsviektZd dsviektZd dsviektZd ds viekZtd ds lkFkviekZtd ds lkFkviekZtd ds lkFkviekZtd ds lkFkviekZtd ds lkFk[kx?kp

tc rsy dksty dslkFk fgyk;k tkrk gS rksizk;% ,d gYdk nwf/k;k foy;u fn[kkbZiM+rk gS tksLFkkbZ gksrk gS]blsty esa rsy dk ik;l dgrs gSaA j[kk jgusij ;g nksijrksa esa vyx gkstkrk gS] ;kuh rsy vkSj ty esaA fofHkUu rsyksadh ty esa feyusdh {kerk vyx&vyx gksrh gSA rsy dh feyusdh {kerk bldh izd`fr ds lkFk&lkFk foyksfM+r djusdh

fof/k ij Hkh fuHkZj djrh gS ;kfu tksjnkj foyksM+u vFkok /khjs?kqekukArsy vkSj ty dsik;l dk LFkkf;Ro lkcqu dsfoy;u tSlsmfpr ik;lhdeZd dksfeydkj c


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4

v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2

jklk;fud cyxfrdhjklk;fud cyxfrdhjklk;fud cyxfrdhjklk;fud cyxfrdhjklk;fud cyxfrdh

vfHkf;k dh nj le; dslkFk ;k rksfdlh vfHkf;d dh lkark de gksusdslEcU/k esa vFkok fdlh Hkh ,d mRikndh lkark c


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5


ddddd vfHkf;k dh nj ij lkark dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij lkark dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij lkark dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij lkark dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij lkark dk izHkko

(i) ,d ksf.kdk VQ+ dksty lsvk/kk Hkj ysaA d{k rki ij v/;;u djrsgSA(ii) C;wjsV dks1.0 M HCl foy;u lsHkj ysaA

iii ,d 100 mL dk chdj ysdj bldsisansa dh ckgjh lrg ij dsU esa] dkp ij fu'kku cukus okyh isaflyls'X' dk fu'kku cuk,aA blesa 0-1 MlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV ds50 mLysaAchdj dksksf.kdk esaj[k nsaA fudk; dsikjn'khZgksus ds dkj.k 'X' dk fu'kku vk[kksalsfn[kkbZ nsrk jgsxkA chdj dksdqN feuV rd ksf.kdk esa j[kk jgusnsaftlls;gikuhdk rki izkIr dj ysA

iv C;w jsV ls1-0 M HClds1.0 mL feyk,aA tc vk/kk HCl foy;u ;kuh 0.5 mL Mkyk tk pqdsrksLVkWiokWppyk nsaA HCl Mkyrsle; chdj dks?kqekdj fgykrsjgsaA

v chdj dsisans ij cus'X' dsfu'kku dsvks>y gksusesa yxk le; fjdkWMZ djsaA ;g vfHkf;k dsiw.kZgksusdh fLFkfr ekuh tkrh gSA

vi iz;ksx dks1.0 M HCl dh 2 mL, 4 mL, 8mL vkSj 16 mL ek=k ysdj nksgjk,arFkk gj ckj u;k lksfM;eFkk;kslYQsV foy;u ysa ,oa'X' fu'kku dsvks>y gksus dk le; fjdkMZ djsaA

[k[k[k[k[k vfHkf;k dh nj ij rki dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij rki dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij rki dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij rki dk izHkkovfHkf;k dh nj ij rki dk izHkko

(i) ,d 100 mL dschdj esa] ftldsisansdh ckgjh lrg ij 'X' dk fu'kku cuk gks] 0.1 MlksfM;eFkk;kslYQsV foy;u ds50 mL ysa vkSj chdj dks30 C fLFkj rki okysrkiLFkkih Thermostat esa j[ksaA chdj esa j[ksfoy;u dksfgykrsgq, blesa 1.0 M gkbMksDyksfjd vEy dsfoy;u ds 5 mLMkysaA tc gkbMksDyksfjd vEy dh vk/khek=k;kfu 2.5 mL

My tk, rks LVkWi okWp pyk nsaA

AglaSem School
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(ii) og le; fjdkWMZdjsa ftl ij 'X' dk fu'kku vks>y gkstk,A

iii iz;ksx dks40 C, 50 C, 60 C, vkSj 70 C,ij nksgjk,aA gj ckj u;k lksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV foy;u ysa vkSj 'X'dsfu'kku dsvks>y gksusesa yxsle; dks fjdkWMZ djsaA

iv viusizs{k.kksa dkslkj.kh 2-1 vkSj 2-2 esa fjdkWMZ djsaA

v nksxzkQ cuk,a& ,d HCldsfeyk, x, vk;ru tksHCl dh lkark fu/kkZfjr djrk gS vkSj fu'kku dsvks>ygksusesa yxsle; dse/; rFkk nwljk rki vkSj fu'kku dsvks>y gksusesa yxsle; dse/;A xzkQ cukusdsfy, le; ifjorZux&v{k ij vkSj vk;ru vFkok rki y&v{k ij fy;k tkrk gSA

uksV & ;fn vfHkf;k dh nj dk v/;;u djusdsfy, rkiLFkkih ;kuh fLFkj rki voxkg miyC/k u gksrksrkifLFkj j[kusdsfy, lkekU; voxkg Hkh iz;ksx esa ykbZtk ldrh gS ijUrq bl fLFkfr esa voxkg dksckgj lsxje djusdhvko';drk iM+ldrh gSA voxkg dsty dks Hkh foyksfM+r djrsjgsaA

lkj.kh 2-1 &lkj.kh 2-1 &lkj.kh 2-1 &lkj.kh 2-1 &lkj.kh 2-1 & lksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbM ksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k esa vfHkf;k dh nj ijlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k esa vfHkf;k dh nj ijlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbM ksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k esa vfHkf;k dh nj ijlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k esa vfHkf;k dh nj ijlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k esa vfHkf;k dh nj ijgkbMksDyksfjd vEy dh lkark dk izHkkogkbMksDyksfjd vEy dh lkark dk izHkkogkbMksDyksfjd vEy dh lkark dk izHkkogkbMksDyksfjd vEy dh lkark dk izHkkogkbMksDyksfjd vEy dh lkark dk izHkko

gj ckj mi;ksx esa ykbZxbZNa2S

2O

3dh ek=k = 50 mL

Na2S

2O

3foy;u dh lkark = 0.1 M

d{k rki = C esavfHkf;k feJ.k esa iz;qDr gq, HClfoy;u dh lkark = 1 M

e la-ela-e la-ela-e la- HCl dk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;ru mL esaesaesaesaesa 'X' ds fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg dsvks>y gksus esa

yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le; 't' lsdaM esalsdaM esalsdaM esalsdaM esalsdaM esa

1 1.0

2. 2.03. 4.0

4. 8.0

5. 16.0

lkj.kh 2-2 &lkj.kh 2-2 &lkj.kh 2-2 &lkj.kh 2-2 &lkj.kh 2-2 & lksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k dh njlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k dh njlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k dh njlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k dh njlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV vkSj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy ds e/; vfHkf;k dh nj

ij rki dk izHkkoij rki dk izHkkoij rki dk izHkkoij rki dk izHkkoij rki dk izHkko

izR;sd ckj mi;ksx esa yk;k x;k lksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV foy;u dk vk;ru = 50 mL

izR;sd ckj gkbMksDyksfjd vEy dk iz;qDr fd;k x;k vk;ru = 5 m L

e la-ela-e la-ela-e la- HCl dk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;rudk feyk;k x;k vk;ru mL esaesaesaesaesa 'X' ds fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg ds vks>y gksus esads fpUg dsvks>y gksus esa yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le;yxus okyk le; 't' lsdaM esalsdaM esalsdaM esalsdaM esalsdaM esa

1. 30

2. 40

3. 50

4. 60

5. 70

ifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kke

viusfu"d"kZlkj.kh 2-1 rFkk 2-2 dsvkdM+ksa dsvk/kkj ij fy[ksaA

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http: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13/130

7

iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2iz;ksx 2

m s';m s';m s';m s';m s';

d{k rki ij vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa dh gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM dslkFk vfHkf;k esa vfHkf;k dh nj ij vk;ksMkbMvk;uksa dh lkark dsifjorZu dsizHkko dk v/;;uA


vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa vkSj gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM dschp vfHkf;k vEyh; ek/;e esa gksrh gSvkSj blsfuEufyf[kr izdkjlsiznf'kZr fd;k tk ldrk gS&

I

(aq) + H2O

2(l)+2 H + (aq) I

2(g) + 2H

2O (l)

bl vfHkf;k esagkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM] vk;ksMkbM vk;uksaI dksvkf.od vk;ksMhu esa vkWDlhd`r djrh gSA ;fn

mijksDr vfHkf;k feJ.k esa lksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV dh ifjdfyr ek=k vkSj lwpd ds:i esa LVkpZ foy;u feyk fn;k tk,rksvk;ksMhu fudyrsgh Fkk;kslYQsV vk;uksa dslkFk vfHkf;k djdsokil vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa esa rc rd vifpr gksrh jgrhgS tc rd Fkk;kslYQsV vk;u VsVkFkk;ksusV vk;uk saesa ifjofrZr gksrsjgrsgSaA

I2

(g) + 2S2O

3

2(aq) S4O

6

2 (aq) + 2I

(aq)

lHkh Fkk;kslYQsV vk;uksadslekIr gkstkusdsi'pkr~] gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM dh vk;ksMkbMvk;uksa dslkFk vfHkf;k lsfudyh vk;ksMhu dh lkark rsth lsc


14/130

8

iv ^[k* fpUg okysesa 0.04 MlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV foy;u ds10 mL, 0.1 M iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMkbM foy;uds10 mL vkSj vklqr ty ds 80 mL ysaA ykWLd dh lkexzh dksvPNh rjg fgyk,avkSj blsty "ed esa j[k nsaA

v ^x* fpUg okysykLd esa 0.04 MlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV foy;u ds10 mL, 0.1 M iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMkbM

foy;u ds 20 mL vkSj vklqr ty ds70 mL ysaA izkIr foy;u dksvPNh rjg fgykdj mlh ty "ed esa j[ksaftlesaiv dk vfHkf;k feJ.k j[kk x;k gSA

vi ^?k* fpUg okysykLd esa 0.04 MlksfM;e Fkk;kslYQsV foy;u ds10 mL, 0.1 M iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMkbMds30 mL vkSj vklqr ty ds60 mL ysaA foy;u dksvPNh rjg fgyk,avkSj bl ykLd dksHkh mijksDr ty "edesa j[ksaA

vii 'kaDokdkj ykLd ^p* ysaA blesa ykLd ^d* esa ls25 mL foy;u ekid flfyaMj dh lgk;rk lsekidjMkysaA vc blesa ykLd ^[k* esa ls 25 mL foy;u ysdj yxkrkj fgykrsgq, feyk,aA tc ykLd ^[k* esalsvk/kkfoy;u vkarfjr gkstk, rksLVkWi okWp pyk nsaA

rki vuqjf{kr j[kusdsfy, ykLd p* dksty "ed esa j[ksa vkSj uhyk jax izdV gksusesa yxsle; dksfjdkWMZdjsaA(viii) Bhd blh izdkj lsykLd ^x* ,oa^?k* dsfoy;uksa lsiz;ksx dksvyx&vyx nksgjk,aA ,d ckj fQj izR;sd

ykLd esa ls25 mL foy;u dk mi;ksx djsa vkSj25 mL foy;u ykLd d* esalsysaA izR;sd dsl esa uhyk jax mRiUu gksusesa yxk le; fjdkWMZdjsaA

ix ykLd [k*] x* ,oa?k* dsfoy;uksa lsiz;ksx dksnksckj nksgjk,avkSj uhyk jax mRiUu gksusesa yxusokysvkSlrle; dh x.kuk djsaA

x viusvoyksduksadkslkj.kh 2-3 dsvuqlkj fjdkWMZ djsaA

xi rhuksafudk;ksa esa uhyk jax mRiUu gksusesa yxusokysle; dh rqyuk djsa vkSj vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa dh lkark esaifjorZu gksus dslkFk vfHkf;k dh nj esaifjorZu gksusdsfo"k; esa lkekU; fu;e dk dFku nsaA

lkj.kh 2-3lkj.kh 2-3lkj.kh 2-3lkj.kh 2-3lkj.kh 2-3 & vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa vkSj gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM ds e/; vEyh; ek/;e esa vfHkf;k nj dk& vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa vkSj gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM ds e/; vEyh; ek/;e esa vfHkf;k nj dk& vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa vkSj gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM ds e/; vEyh; ek/;e esa vfHkf;k nj dk& vk;ksMkbM vk;uksa vkSj gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM ds e/; vEyh; ek/;e esa vfHkf;k nj dk& vk;ksMkbM vk;uks a vkSj gkbMkstu ijkWDlkbM ds e/; vEyh; ek/;e esa vfHkf;k nj dkv/;;uv/;;uv/;;uv/;;uv/;;u

----- fudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVu uhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxus vkSlrvkSlrvkSlrvkSlrvkSlr

la-la-la-la-la- okyk le;okyk le;okyk le;okyk le;okyk le; le;le;le;le;le;izFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kad f}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kad

1- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $ykLd [k* ls25 mL foy;u

2- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $

ykLd x* ls25 mL foy;u3- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $

ykLd ?k* ls25 mL foy;u

ifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kke

vius fu"d"kZlkj.kh 2-3 esafjdkMZfd, x, vkdM+ksadsvk/kkj ij fy[ksaA

AglaSem School
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15/130

9

iz;ksx 3iz;ksx 3iz;ksx 3iz;ksx 3iz;ksx 3m s';m s';m s';m s';m s';

iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV KIO3

vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbV dse/; vfHkf;k dh nj dk v/;;uA


KIO3vkSjNa

2SO

3dschp vfHkf;k esa vizR;{k :i lsvk;ksMkbM vk;uksa dk cuuk lfEefyr gksrk gS] tksvEyh;

ek/;e esa IO3

vk;uksa}kjk vk;ksMhu esavkWDlhd`r gkstkrsgSaA lexzvfHkf;k fuEufyf[kr nkspj.kksaesa gksrh gSA

IO3

+ 3SO

32 I

+ 3SO

42 (1)

5I

+ 6H + + IO3

3H

2O + 3 I

2(2)

fiNysiz;ksx esa fn, x, fooj.k dsvuqlkj fudyh gqbZ vk;ksMhu LVkpZds foy;u dslkFk uhyk jax nsrh gS;g

vfHkf;k Hkh igysdh vfHkf;k dsleku ^DykWd vfHkf;k* dgykrh gSA

vko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzhvko';d lkexzh

'kaDokdkj ykLd (250 mL) & N% 2 MlY;wfjd vEy&ekid flysaMj (100 mL) & ,d 5%LVkpZ foy;u vko';drkuqlkjLVkWi okWp & ,d 6%iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMkbM foy;uksf.kdk & ,d 6%lksfM;e lYQkbV foy;u


(i) 500 mL {kerk ds 'kaDokdkj ykLd ij ^d* fpfUgr djsa vkSj blesa 6% iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV foy;u ds 25mL, 2 M. H

2SO

4ds25 mL vkSj 50 mL vklqr ty ysdj ykLd dh lkexzh dksvPNh rjg fgyk,aA ykLd dks

tyesa vk/kh Hkjh ksf.kdk esaj[ksaA ;g fLFkj rkih voxkg dksdk;Z djrh gSAii ikp 250 mL ds'kaDokdkj ykLd ysa vkSj mUgsa ^[k*] x*] ?k*] p* vkSj N* fpfUgr djsaA ykLd [k*] x*]

^?k*]vkSj ^p* esa 6%lksfM;e lYQkbV foy;u] LVkpZfoy;u vkSj vklqr ty fuEufyf[kr pj.kksaesa fn, x, vuqikresaysa vkSj ykLd ^N* dksvfHkf;k djusdsfy, lqjf{kr j[ksaA

iii ^[k*] fpfUgr 'kaDokdkj ykLd esa20 mLlksfM;e lYQkbV foy;u] 5 mLLVkpZfoy;u vkSj 75 mL

vklqr ty ysaA izkIr foy;u dksvPNh rjg fgyk,avkSj ty "ed esa j[k nsaAiv 'kaDokdkj ykLd x* esa 15 mLlksfM;e lYQkbV foy;u ds5 mLLVkpZfoy;u vkSj 80 mL vklqr tyysaA ykWLd dh lkexzh dks vPNh rjg fgyk,avkSj blsty "ed esa j[k nsaA

v 'kaDokdkj ykLd ^?k* esa 10 mLlksfM;e lYQkbV foy;u ds5 mLLVkpZfoy;u vkSj 85 mL vklqr tyysaA ykWLd dh lkexzh dks vPNh rjg fgyk,avkSj blsty "ed esa j[k nsaA

vi 'kaDokdkj ykLd ^p* esa 5 mLlksfM;e lYQkbV foy;u ds5 mLLVkpZfoy;u vkSj 90 mL vklqr tyysaA ykWLd dh lkexzh dks vPNh rjg fgyk,avkSj blsty "ed esa j[k nsaA

vii 'kaDokdkj ykLd p* ysdj blesa ykWLd d* ls25 mL foy;u ysa vkSj blesa ykWLd [k* ls25 mLfoy;u ysdj feyk,aA ykWLd ^[k* dk vk/kk foy;u feyusds ckn LVkWi okWp pyk nsaA nksuksafoy;uksadksvPNh rjgyxkrkj fgykdj feyk,avkSj ty m"ed esa j[k nsaA uhyk jax mRiUu gksusesa yxsle; dksfjdkMZdjsa vki LVkWi

okp@ dykbZ ?kM+h lsle; uksV dj ldrsgSaA

AglaSem School
http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


16/130

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2 -42 - 42 -42 - 42 - 4 iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV iksVSf'k;e vk;ksMsV KIO3 vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbV vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbV vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbV vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbV vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbV Na

2SO

3 ds e/; vEyh; ds e/; vEyh; ds e/; vEyh; ds e/; vEyh; ds e/; vEyh;

ek/;e esa vfHkf;k dk v/;;uek/;e esa vfHkf;k dk v/;;uek/;e esa vfHkf;k dk v/;;uek/;e esa vfHkf;k dk v/;;uek/;e esa vfHkf;k dk v/;;u

----- fudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVufudk; dk la?kVu uhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxusuhyk jax mRiUu gksus esa yxus vkSlrvkSlrvkSlrvkSlrvkSlrla-la-la-la-la- okyk le;okyk le;okyk le;okyk le;okyk le; le;le;le;le;le;

izFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kadizFke ikB~;kad f}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kadf}rh; ikB~;kad

1- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $ykLd [k* ls25 mL foy;u

2- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $ykLd x* ls25 mL foy;u

3- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $ykLd ?k* ls25 mL foy;u

4- ykLd d* ls25 mL foy;u $ykLd p* ls 25 mL foy;u

ifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkeifj.kkevius fu"d"kZlkj.kh 2-4 dsvkdM+ksadsvk/kkj ij fy[ksaA

viii blh izdkj ls] ykLd ^x*] ^?k* ^p* dsfoy;uksalsiz;ksx dksnksgjk,aA iz;ksx esa25 mL foy;u dk mi;ksxoSlsgh djsatSlsykLd ^[k* dsfoy;u dk iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA izR;sd dsl esa uhyk jax mRiUu gksusesa yxk le; uksVdjsaA ,d ckj fQj iz;ksx dksnks ckj nksgjkus dh lko/kkuh cjrsaA izR;sd lsV esauhyk jax mRiUu gksusesa yxs le; dk

vkSlr ysaAix vius voyksdu lkj.kh 2-4 dsvuqlkj fjdkMZdjsaA

x lkj.khc) ifj.kkek s a ls uhyk jax mRiUu gksu s es a yxus okys le; vkSj lksfM;e lYQkbVdh lkark esa ifjorZu dse/; lEcU/k dk irk yxk,aA

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11

v/;k; & 3v/;k; & 3v/;k; & 3v/;k; & 3v/;k; & 3

m"ek jlk;um"ek jlk;um"ek jlk;um"ek jlk;um"ek jlk;u

vf/kdrj vfHkf;k,aok;qeaMyh; nkc ij dh tkrh gSavr% bu vfHkf;kvksa ds fy, ok;qeaMyh; nkc ij uksV fd,x, "ek ifjorZu] ,UFkSYih ifjorZu gksrsgSaA ,UFkSYih ifjorZu] rki ifjorZu lsfuEufyf[kr lEcU/k lslEcfU/kr gksrsgSaA

DH = qP

= mCPDT

= VdCPDT .................(1)

tgk V =foy;u dk vk;ru

d =foy;u dk ?kuRo

CP

= "ek /kkfjrk vkSj

DT =rki esa ifjorZu gSA

"ek ifjorZuksa dk ekiu dSyksjhehVjdSyksjhehVjdSyksjhehVjdSyksjhehVjdSyksjhehVj uked ik= esa fd;k tkrk gSaA vfHkf;kvksa dks FkeZl ykLd "ek jks/kd cDlsesa j[kschdj vFkok LVkbjksQkse di esa Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gSA "ek jklk;fud ekiu dsfy, /kkfRod dSyksjhehVj iz;qDrugha fd, tkrsD;ksafd /kkrq,ainkFkks lsvfHkf;k dj ldrh gSaA LVsuysl LVhy ;k lksuk ysfir dkWij dSyksjhehVj iz;ksxesa yk, tk ldrs gSaA "ek ifjorZu ekirsle; dSyksjhehVj] FkekZehVj vkSj foyksM+d Hkh dqN "ek xzg.k djrsgS( "ekdh ;g ek=k Hkh Kkr gksuh pkfg,A blsdSyksjhehVj fLFkjkad dgrsgSaA dkp dsik=ksa mnkgj.k] chdj dsdsl esa] dSyksjhehVjfLFkjkad chdj dsml Hkkx dsfy, fudkyk tkrk gS tksokLro esa vfHkf;k feJ.k dslaidZesa gksrk gSA ,slk blfy, gSfd tc dSyksjhehVj dsinkFkZdh "ek pkydrk de gksrh gSrksdSyksjhehVj dk dsoy ogh {ks=Qy vf/kdre "ek ysrkgStkso dslaidZesa gksrk gSA dSyksjhehVj fLFkjkad Kkr djusdsfy, feJ.k dh fof/k viukbZtkrh gSA dSyksjhehVj fLFkjkad

fu/kkZfjr djusdsfy, dSyksjhehVj esa d{k rki ij fy, x, ty esa Kkr rki ij xje ty dh Kkr ek=k feykbZ tkrhgSAD;ksafd tkZlajf{kr jgrh gSvr% dSyksjhehVj vkSj BaMsty }kjk yh xbZ "ek] xje ty }kjk nh xbZ"ek ds cjkcj gksuhpkfg,A blfy, ge fuEufyf[kr lehdj.k fy[k ldrsgSa &

DH1

+ DH2

= DH3

.......2

dSyksjhehVj BaMsty dk xje ty dk

foyksM+d vkSj ,UFkSYih dk ,UFkSYih

FkekZehVj dk ifjorZu ifjorZu

,UFkSYih ifjorZu

eku fyft, tc, t

hrFkk t

me'k% BaMsty] xje ty vkSj feJ.k dsrki gSA lehdj.k 1 esa nh xbZ,UFkSYih ifjorZu

dh ifjHkk"kk dks /;ku esa j[krsgq, ge lehdj.k 2 dksiqu% bl izdkj fy[k ldrsgS&

m1C

p(t

m t

c) + m

2C

p(t

m t

c) + m

3C

p(t

m t

h) = 0 ...........(3)

tgk m1, m

2vkSj m

3dSykjh

raj board class 12 book - rasayan prayogik - 2

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