raj board class 10 book - arthik vikas

8/12/2019 Raj Board Class 10 Book - Arthik Vikas

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NOTES FOR TEACHERS f'k{kd osQ fy, funsZ'k

v;k; 1 fodkl fodkl os Q dbZ igyw gS aA bl v;k; dk ms'; fo|kfFkZ ;ks a dks ;gh fopkj le>kuk gSA muos Q fy;s ;g le>uk vko';d gS fd yks xks a dh fodkl os Q ckjs es a vyx&vyx /kj.kk, gSa vkSj ,s ls mik; gS a ftuos Q

}kjk ge fodkl os Q lkew fgd lw pdka dks a dks tku ldrs gS a A blos Q fy;s geus ,s lh fLFkfr;ks a dk iz ;ks x fd;k gS] ftu ij os lgtcqf ls iz frf;k fn[kk ldrs gSa A

geus ,sls fo'ys"k.k Hkh fn, gS a ftudh iz o`Qfr ;knk tfVy vkSj c` gr~ gSA

nwljk iz 'u ;g gS fd ns'kksa vkS j jkT;ksa dh rq yuk oq QN p;fur fodkl lw pdka dks a os Q vkkkj ij oS Qls dh tk ldrh gS] bl v;k; esa fo|kFkhZ bldk v;;u djsa xsA vkfFkZ d fodkl dks ekik tk ldrk gS vkS j vk; bls ekius dh ,d fof/ gSA ;|fi vk; os Q }kjk

fodkl ekius dh fof/ mi;ksxh gS] blosQ oq QN nks "k Hkh gS aA blfy,] ges a thou dh xq.kokk vkSj i;kZ oj.k

dh /kj.kh;rk tSls u, lw pdka dks a osQ iz ;ksx djus dh vko';drk gSA

vkios Q fy;s ;g vis{kk djuk vko';d gS fd fo|kFkhZ mi;q Z Dr fo"k; ij d{kk es a lf; iz frf;k fn[kk;s a A bl fo"k; ij fo|kfFkZ ;ks a dh jk; es a dkI + kQh va rj gks ldrk gS vkS j bl ij fookn gks uk Hkh la Hko gSA fo|kfFkZ ;ks a dks vius&vius n` f"Vdks .k j[kus nhft,A gj [ka M os Q va r es a oq QN iz 'u vkS j f;kdyki fn;s x;s gS a A budk nks gjk ms '; gSA igyk] os bl Hkkx es a pfpZ r fopkjks a dks la {ks i es a crkrs gS a vkS j nw ljk] os fo|kfFkZ ;ks a dks okLrfod thou ifjfLFkfr;ks a os Q fudV ykdj bu

fo"k;ks a dks cs grj rjhos Q ls le>us os Q ;ks X; cukrs gS a A

bl v;k; es a oqQN 'kCnksa dk iz ;ksx fd;k x;k gS] ftudk Li"Vhdj.k vko';d gS tSls fd iz frO;fDr vk;] lk{kjrk nj] f'k'kq e` R;q nj] mifLFkfr nj] thou

iz R;k'kk] ldy ukeka du vuq ikr vkS j ekuo fodkl lw pdka dA bu 'kCnks a ls la ca f/r vk dM+ s fn, x;s gS a rFkk

bUgs a iw .kZ :i ls le>us osQ fy, budk foLrkj lsv;;u vko';d gSA vkidks oz Q; 'kfDr lerk dh vo/kj.kk dks Hkh Li"V djuk gks xk ftldk rkfydk 1-6 es a iz fr O;fDr vk; dh x.kuk os Q fy, iz ;ks x

fd;k x;k gSA ;g vko';d gS fd bu 'kCnks a dk iz ;ks x ppkZ esa lgk;rk osQ fy, fd;k tk, u fd mudks da BLFk djus os Q fy,A

lw puk os Q ksr

bl v;k; osQ fy, vkdM+s Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk izdkf'kr vkfFkZd losZ{k.k] la;qDr jk"V la?k fod dk;Ze osQ ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ vkSj fo'o cSad(fo'o fodkl lwpdkad) }kjk izdkf'kr fjiksVks ls

fy, x, gS aA ;s fjiksVZ gj o"kZ izdkf'kr fd, tkrs gSaA ;fn vkiosQ fo|ky; osQ iqLrdky; esa ;s fjiksVZ gS rks bUgsa ns[kuk vPNk gksxkA vxj ugha] rks vk laLFkkuksa dh os clkbV (website ) ij tk ldrs gSa ( www.budgetindia.nic.in, www.undp.org,www.worldbank.org )A vk dM+ s Hkkjrh; fjkoZ cS a d

dh gS a Mcq d vkW iQ LVs fVlfVDl vkW u ba fM;u bdkukW eh es a Hkh miyC/ gSa A blos Q fy, vki www.rbi.org

os clkbV ij Hkh tk ldrs gS a A

22222 vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le>

AglaSem School
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fodk l vFkok izxfr dh /kj.kk ges 'kk ls gekjs lkFk gSA gekjh vkdka {kk, vkS j bPNk, gS a fd ge D;k djuk pkgrs gS a vkS j viuk thou oS Qls thuk pkgr s gS a\ blh rjg ge fopkj j[krs gS a fd dks bZ ns 'k oS Qlk gks uk pkfg,\ ges a fdu vfuok;Z oLrq vks a dh vko';drk gS\ D;k lHkh dk thou cs gr j gks ldrk gS\ yks x fey&tq ydj oS Qls jg ldr s gSa \ D;k vkS j vf/d lekurk gks ldrh gS\ f odkl bu lHkh iz'uks a ij fopkj djus vkS j bu y {;ks a dks izkIr djus osQ mik;ks a ls tq M+ k gSA ;g dke tfVy gS vkS j bl v;k; es a ge fodk l dks le>us dh iz f;k 'kq: djs axsA vki mPp d{kkvksa es a bu eqks a dks vf/d xgjkbZ ls lh[ks a xsA blosQ vfrfjDr] ,s ls cgq r ls iz'uks a osQ mkjvkidks vFkZ 'kkL=k es a gh ugha cfYd bfrgkl vkS j jktuhfr foKku os Q ikB;e es Hkh feysa xsA

,slk blfy, gS fd ge vkt tks thou th jgs gS a ] o g vrhr ls izHkkfor gSA ge bls tkus fcuk cny ko dh bPNk ugha j[k ldrsA blh rjg] ge os Qo y ,d yksdrkaf=kd jktuhfrd izf;k osQ }kjk gh bu vk'kkvks a vkS j la Hkkoukvks a dks okLrfod thou es a izkIr dj ldrs gS a A

fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl v;k; 1

esjs cxSjos fodkl ugha dj ldrs---bl O;oLFkk es aesjkfodkl ugha gks ldrk

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f odkl odkl odkl odkl odkl


ge ;g dYiuk djus dk iz ;kl djs a fd rkfydk 1-1 es a nh xbZ lw ph osQ vuq lkj yksxksa os Q fy,

fodkl dk D;k vFkZ gks ldrk gSA mudh D;k vkdka {kk, gSa \ vki ns [ksa xs fd oqQN LrEHk vkwjsHkjs gq, gS aA bl rkfydk dks iwjk djus dh

dksf'k'k dhft,A vki pkgs a rks fdUgha vkS j Js .kh os Q O;fDr;ksa dks tks M+ ldrs gSa A

O;fDr dh Js .kh

Hkwfeghu xzkeh.k eknw j

ia tkc os Q le` fdlku

fdlku tks [ksrh ds fy, osQoy o"kkZ ij fuHkZ j gSa HkwLokeh ifjokj dh ,d xz keh.k efgyk

'kgjh csjks kxkj ;q od

'kgj os Q vehj ifjokj dk ,d yM+dk

'kgj os Q vehj ifjokj dh ,d yM+dh

ueZ nk ?kkVh dk ,d vkfnoklh

fodkl D;k oknk djrk gS&fofHkUu O;fDr] fodkl D;k oknk djrk gS&fofHkUu O;fDr] fodkl D;k oknk djrk gS&fofHkUu O;fDr] fodkl D;k oknk djrk gS&fofHkUu O;fDr] fodkl D;k oknk djrk gS&fofHkUu O;fDr] fofHkUu y{; fofHkUu y{; fofHkUu y{; fofHkUu y{; fofHkUu y{;

rkfydk 1-1 dks Hkjus osQ ckn vc bldk fujh{k.k djrs gS a A D;k bu lHkh yks xks a dh fodkl ;k iz xfr os Q ckjs es a ,d tS lk fopkj gS\ la Hkor% ugha A buesa ls gj ,d vyx&vyx phts a ikuk pkgrk gSA os ,s lh phts a pkgrs gSa tks muos Q fy,

lokZ f/d egoiw .kZ gS a] vFkkZ r~ os phts a tks mudh vkdka{kkvks a vkS j bPNkvks a dks iw jk dj losa QA

okLro esa ] dbZ ckj nks O;fDr ;k nks xqV ,slh phtsa pkg ldrs gSa ] ftuesa ijLij fojks/ gks ldrk gSA ,d yM+dh vius HkkbZ os Q led{k

rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk 1-1 fofHkUu Js.kh osQ yksxksa osQ fodkl osQ y fofHkUu Js.kh osQ yksxksa osQ fodkl osQ y fofHkUu Js.kh osQ yksxksa osQ fodkl osQ y fofHkUu Js.kh osQ yksxksa osQ fodkl osQ y fofHkUu Js.kh osQ yksxksa osQ fodkl osQ y fodkl os Q y{;@vkdka {kk, dke djus os Q vf/d fnu vkS j cs grj eknw jh_ LFkkuh; Low Qy muos Q cPpks a dks mke f'k{kk iz nku djus es a l{ke_ dks bZ lkekftd Hks nHkko ugha vkSj xko es a os Hkh usrk cu ldrs gS aA fdlkuks a dks mudh mit os Q fy, ;knk leFkZ u ew Y;ks a vkS j es gurh vkS j lLrs eT + knw jks a }kjk mPp ikfjokfjd vk; lq fuf'pr djuk rkfd os vius cPpksa dks fons 'kks a esa clk los a QA

mls vius HkkbZ os Q tS lh vkkknh feyrh gS vkS j og vius I + kS Qlys [kq n dj ldrh gSA og viuh i


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vktknh vkS j volj feyus vkS j HkkbZ Hkh ?kj osQ dkedkt es a gkFk cVk;s xk] dh vk'kk j[krh gSA gks ldrk gS fd HkkbZ dks ;g ilan u gksA blh rjg] vf/d fctyh ikus osQ fy,] m|ks xifr ;knk ck / pkgrs gS a A ys fdu blls kehu tyeXu gks ldrh gS vkS j mu yks xks a dk thou vLrO;Lr gks l drk gS tks cs ?kj gks tk;s a ] tS ls fd vkfnoklhA os b ldk fojks/ dj ldrs gS a vkS j gks ldrk gS fd os vius [ksrks a dh fla pkbZ os Q fy, osQoy Nks Vs pS d ck / ;k rkykc ila n djs aA

bl rjg nks ckrs a lkiQ gS a ,d] vyx&vyx yks xks a os Q fodkl os Q y{; fHkUu gks ldrs gS a vkS j nw ljk] ,d os Q fy, tks fodkl gS og nw ljs

os Q fy, fodkl u gksA ;gk rd fd og nw ljs os Q fy, fouk'kdkjh Hkh gks ldrk gSA

v k; vkSj vU; y{; v k; vkSj vU; y{; v k; vkSj vU; y{; v k; vkSj vU; y{; v k; vkSj vU; y{; vki vxj ,d ckj fiQj rkfydk 1-1 ns [ks a rks

,d ckr leku ik;s a xs% yks x pkgrs gS a fd mUgs a fu;f er dke] csgrj eknw jh vkS j viuh mit vFko k vU; mRiknks a os Q fy, vPNh dhers a feys a A

nw ljs 'kCnks a es os ;knk vk; pkgrs gSa A

f dlh Hkh rjg ls ;knk vk; pkgus osQ vfrf jDr] yksx cjkcjh dk O;ogkj] Lora =krk]

lqj{k k vkSj nw ljks a ls vknj feyus dh bPNk Hkh j[krs gS a A os Hks nHkko ls viz lUu gksrs gS a A ;s lHkh eg oiw.kZ y{; gS a A cfYd] oq QN ekeyks a es a ;svf/ d vk; vkS j vf/d miHkksx ls vf/d

eg oiw.kZ gks ldrs gS a ] D;ks afd thus os Q fy, os Qo y HkkS frd oLrq , gh i;kZIr ugha gks rhA

nz O; ;k mlls [kjhnh tk ldus okyh HkkS frd oLrq , ,d dkjd gS ftl ij gekjk thou fuHkZ j gSA ysfdu gekjk cs grj thou ij fy[kh vHkkSfrd oLrqvks a ij Hkh fuHkZ j djrk gSA vxj vki dks ;g ckr Li"V ugha yxrh gS] rks vius

thou esa vius fe=kks a dh Hkw fedk os Q ckjs es a kjk lksfp,A vki dks mudh fe=krk dh bPNk gks ldrh gSA blh rjg vkSj Hkh cgqr lh phts a gS a ftUgs a vklkuh ls ekik ugha tk ldrk] ys fdu mudk g ekjs thou es a cgq r ego gSa A budh

iz k;% mis{kk dj nh tkrh gSA ys fdu] ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyuk xyr gks xk fd ftls ekik ugha tk ldrk] og ego ugha j[krkA

ueZnk unh ij ljnkj ljksoj ck/ dh mQ pkbZ es a o`f fd;s tkus os Q fojQ izn'kZ u

bl rjg os Q yks x fodflr gksuk ugha pkgrs!

AglaSem School
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7/93



1- vyx&vyx yks xks a dh fodkl dh /kj.kk, vyx D;ks a gS a \ uhps nh xbZ O;k[;kvks a es a dkS u lh vf/d egoiw .kZ gS vkSj D;ks a\

(d) D;ksa fd yks x fHkUu gks rs gSa ([k) D;ksa fd yks xks a osQ thou dh ifjfLFkfr;k fHkUu gSa

2- D;k fuEu nks dFkuksa dk ,d vFkZ gS] dkj.k lfgr mkj nhft,A(d) yksxks a os Q fodkl osQ y{; fHkUu gksrs gS aA([k) yksxks a osQ fodkl osQ y{;ksa es a ijLij fojks/ gksrk gS

3- oqQN ,sls mnkgj.k nhft,] tgk vk; osQ vfrfjDr vU; dkjd gekjs thou os Q egoiw .kZ igyw gSa A4- ij fn;s x, [k.M os Q oq QN egoiw.kZ fopkjks a dks viuh Hkk"kk es a le>kb,A

vkvksbu ij fopkj djsa vkvksbu ij fopkj djsa vkvksbu ij fopkj djsa vkvksbu ij fopkj djsa vkvksbu ij fopkj djsa

,d vkS j mnkgj.k ns f[k,A vxj vki dks dgha nwj&njkt os Q bykosQ esa ukS djh feyrh gS] mls Lohdkj djus ls igys vki vk; os Q vfrfjDr cgq r ls dkjdksa ij fopkj djs a xs] tS ls fd vkios Q ifjokj os Q fy, D;k lqfo/k, miyC/ gks axh] dke djus dk okrkoj.k oS Qlk gks xk ;k lh[kus os Q D;k volj gS a\ nw ljh ukS djh es a ;|fi vki dks os ru de feyrk gS ysfdu ;g fu;fer jks kxkj gks ldrk gS] tks vkidh lqj{kk dh Hkkouk dks c


8/93

fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl 77777

fuEufyf[kr fLFkfr;ksa ij ppkZ dhft, 1- nkfguh vks j fn, x, fp=k dks ns f[k,A bl iz dkj osQ {ks =k

osQ fodklkRed y{; D;k gks us pkfg,\2- bl v[+ kckj dh fjiks VZ ns f[k, vkS j fn, x, iz 'uks a os Q mkj

nhft,A


;fn fodkl dh /kj.kk es a gh fHkUurk vkS j ijLij fojks/ gks ldrk gS] rks fuf'pr :i ls fodkl os Q

rjhdks a esa Hkh fHkUurk gks ldrh gSAvxj vki ,s ls fdlh fookn ls ifjfpr

gS a] rks vki fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa osQ roZ Q tkuus dk iz ;kl dhft,A ;g vki yks xks a ls

ckrphr djosQ ;k v[+ kckjks a vkS j Vsyhfoku os Q ek;e ls tku ldrs gS aA

(d) fdu yksxks a dks ykHk gqvk vkSj fdu dks ugha \([k) bl ns 'k os Q fodkl osQ y{; D;k gks us pkfg,\

3- vkiosQ xk o ;k 'kgj ;k LFkkuh; bykosQ osQ fodkl os Q y{; D;k gksus pkfg,\

dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki1

, d t g k k u s 500 V u r j y k g j h y s v o ' k s " k

, d ' k g j o sQ [ k q y s o wQ M +s ? k j v k S j v k l i k l o s Q

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k g j h y s v o ' k s " k k s a l s f u d y u s o k y s / q , l s y k s x k s a u s

t h f e r y k u k ] p e M +h i j n n k sj s i M +u k ] c s g k s ' k

g k s u k ] n L r y x u k b R ; k f n d h f ' k d k ; r sa d h aA , d e g h u s o sQ c k n 7 y k s x e k j s x , ] 20 v L i r k y

e sa

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o a Q i u h u s v k b o j h d k s L V d h , d L F k k u h ; o a Q i u h

d k s v i u s t g k k l s k g j h y s i n k F k Z i sa Q d u s d k

B s d k f n ; k F k k A

AglaSem School
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fofHkUu ns'kksa ;k jkT;ksa dh rqyuk fofHkUu ns'kksa ;k jkT;ksa dh rqyuk fofHkUu ns'kksa ;k jkT;ksa dh rqyuk fofHkUu ns'kksa ;k jkT;ksa dh rqyuk fofHkUu ns'kksa ;k jkT;ksa dh rqyuk oSQls dh tk,\ oSQls dh tk,\ oSQls dh tk,\ oSQls dh tk,\ oSQls dh tk,\

AglaSem School
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10/93

fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl 99999

n'k 2007 ea ukx jdka d ek ld vk; (jQi;s es a )

1 2 3 4 5 vkS lr ns 'k d 9500 10500 9800 10000 10200 ns 'k [k 500 500 500 500 48000

^[k* es a jguk ila n djs axs vxj ges a ;g vk'oklu gks fd ge ml ns 'k osQ ik posa ukxfjd gks a xs A ys fdu vxj gekjh ukxfjdrk la [;k ykWVjh osQ }kjk fuf'pr gks xh rks 'kk;n gees a ls ;knkrj yksx ns'k d* es a jguk ilan djsa xsA ,slk blfy, gS D;ks a fd ;|fi nks uks a ns 'kks a dh vkS lr vk; ,d leku gS ] ns'k ^d* osQ yks x u rks cgq r vehj gS a u cgqr xjhc] tcfd ns'k [k* osQ T;knkrj ukxfjd xjhc gS a vkS j ,d O;fDr cgq r vehj gS A blfy, ;|fi vkSlr vk; rqyuk osQ fy, mi;ks xh gS ] ysfdu blls ;g irk ugha pyrk fd ;g vk; yks xks a es a fdl izdkj forfjr gS A

1- rhu mnkgj.k nhft,] tgk fLFkfr;ksa dh rq yuk osQ fy, vkS lr dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA2- vki D;ks a lks prs gS a fd vkS lr vk; fodkl dks le>us dk ,d egoiw .kZ ekin.M gS\ O;k[;k dhft,A

3- iz frO;fDr vk; os Q eki os Q vfrfjDr] vk; osQ dkSu ls vU; y{k.k gS a tks nks ;k nks ls vfkd ns 'kks a dh rqyuk os Q fy, ego j[krs gSa \4- eku yhft, fd fjdkW MZ ;s fn[kkrs gS a fd fdlh ns 'k dh vk; le; os Q lkFk c


11/93


101 0101 01 0 vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le> vkfFkZd fodkl dh le>

tc geus O;fDrxr vkdka {kkvks a vkS j y{;ks a dks ns [kk] rks ik;k fd yks x os Qoy cs grj vk; os Q ckjs es a gh ugha lks prs cfYd osviuh lq j{kk] nw ljks a ls vknj vkS j lekurk

dk O;ogkj ikuk] vkkknh bR;kfn tS ls y{;ks a os Q ckjs es a Hkh ls kprs gS a A blh iz dkj tc ge fdlh ns'k ;k {ks=k os Q ckjs esa lks prs gS a rks ge vkS lr vk; os Q vfrfjDr vU; egoiw .kZ y{k.kksa os Q fo"k; esa Hkh

lks prs gS aA

vk; vkSj vU; ekin.M

;s fo'ks "krk, D;k gks ldrh gS a \ bldk fujh{k.k ge ,d mnkgj.k osQ }kjk djrs gSa A rkfydk 1-3 os Qjy] iatkc vkS j fcgkj dh iz frO;fDr vk; n'kkZ rh gSA okLro es a ] ;s vk dM+ s o"kZ 2002&03

dh orZ eku dherks a ij izfrO;fDr fuoy jkT; ?kjs yw mRikn os Q gS a A vHkh ge bl tfVy 'kCn dk D;k okLrfod vFkZ gS] mls Nks M+ ns rs gS a A eks Vs rkS j ij] ge bls jkT; dh iz frO;fDr vk; eku ldrs gS a A ge ns [krs gS a fd bu rhuksa jkT;ks a esa iatkc dh iz frO;fDr vk; lcls vf/d gS vkS j fcgkj

rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk 1-4 iatkc] osQjy vkSj fcgkj osQ oqQN iatkc] osQjy vkSj fcgkj osQ oqQN iatkc] osQjy vkSj fcgkj osQ oqQN iatkc] osQjy vkSj fcgkj osQ oqQN iatkc] osQjy vkSj fcgkj osQ oqQN rqyukRed vkdM+s rqyukRed vkdM+s rqyukRed vkdM+s rqyukRed vkdM+s rqyukRed vkdM+s

rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk 1-3 p;fur jkT;ksa p;fur jkT;ksa p;fur jkT;ksa p;fur jkT;ksa p;fur jkT;ksa dh izfr O;fDr vk; dh izfr O;fDr vk; dh izfr O;fDr vk; dh izfr O;fDr vk; dh izfr O;fDr vk; jkT; 2002&03 osQ fy, iz fr

O;fDr vk; (jQi;ksa es a ) ia tkc 26000 os Qjy 22800 fcgkj 5700

jkT; f'k'kq e` R;q nj izfr lk{kjrk nj d{kk 1 ls 5 dk fuoy 1000 O;fDr (2003) (2001) mifLFkfr vuq ikr (1995&96)

ia tkc 49 70 81 os Qjy 11 91 91 fcgkj 60 47 41

bl rkfydk esa iz ;ksx fd;s x, oqQN 'kCnks a dh O;k[;k f'k'kq e` R;q nj fdlh o"kZ es a iS nk gq, 1000 thfor cPpks a esa ls ,d o"kZ dh vk;q ls igys ej tkus okys cPpks a dk vuq ikr fn[kkrh gSA lk{kjrk nj 7 o"kZ vkSj mlls vf/d vk;q osQ yks xksa esa lk{kj tula [;k dk vuq ikrA fuoy mifLFkfr vuqikr 6&10 o"kZ dh vk;q os Q Low Qy tkus okys oq Qy cPpks a dk ml vk;q oxZ osQ oqQy cPpks a os Q lkFk iz fr'krA

lcls ihNs gSA bldk vFkZ gS fd vkS lru] ia tkc es a ,d O;fDr ,d o"kZ esa 26000 jQi, d ekrk gS] tcfd fcgkj esa vkSlru og osQoy 5]700 #i, dek ikrk gSA blfy, vxj fodkl dks ekius ds fy, izfrO;fDr vk; dk iz;ksx f d;k tk, rks rhuksa jkT;ksa esa iatkc lcls vfkd vkSj fcgkj lcls de fodflr jkT; ekuk tk ,xkAvc ge bu rhuksa jkT;ksa osQ oqQN vkSj v dM+kssa

ij utj Mkyrs gSa] tks fd rkfydk 1-4 esa fn;s x, gSaA

AglaSem School
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//schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/http://schools.aglasem.com/


12/93


13/93



1- rkfydk 1-3 vkS j 1-4 os Q vk dM+ ks a dks ns f[k,A D;k ia tkc fcgkj ls lk{kjrk nj vkfn esa mruk gh vkxs gS ftruk fd izfrO;fDr vk; osQ fo"k; esa \

2- ,sls nwljs mnkgj.k lksfp,] tgk oLrq , vkSj lsok, O;fDrxr Lrj dh vis{kk lkew fgd Lrj ij miyC/ djkuk vf/d lLrk gSA

3- vPNs LokLF; vkS j f'k{kk lq fo/kvks a dh miyC/rk D;k os Qoy ljdkj }kjk bu lq fo/kvks a os Q fy, fd, x, O;; ij gh fuHkZ j djrh gS\ vU; dkSu ls dkjd

iz klkafxd gks ldrs gS a\4- rfeyukMq es a xz keh.k {ks =kks a os Q 75 iz fr'kr yks x jk'ku dh nq dkuks a dk iz ;ks x djrs

gS a] tcfd >kj[kaM esa osQoy 8 iz fr'kr xzkeh.k fuoklh bldk iz;ksx djrs gS a A dgk os Q yksxks a dk thou csgrj gks xk vkS j D;ksa \

dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki dk;Zdyki 2

(d) lHkh vk;q oxks dh lk{kjrk nj] ftlesa ;qod vkS j o` nks uks a lfEefyr gS a] xz keh.k iqjQ"kks a osQ fy, -------------------------- Fkh vkSj xzkeh.k efgykvksa osQ fy,------------------------- FkhA ;gh ugha fd cgq r l s

o;Ld Low Qy gh ugha tk ik, cfYd ------------------------- bl le; LowQy es a ugha gSA

([k) bl rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd ------------------------- iz fr'kr xz keh.k yM+ fd;k vkS j ------------------------- iz fr'kr xz keh.k yM+ os Q LowQy ugha tk jgs gS a A blfy,] 10 ls 14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ cPpksa es a ls ------------------------- iz fr'kr xzkeh.k yM+fd;k vkS j ------------------------- izfr'kr xzkeh.k yM+os Q fuj{kj gS aA

(x) gekjh Lora=krk os Q 60 o"kks os Q ckn Hkh]------------------------- vk;q os Q oxZ esa bl mPp Lrj dh fuj{kjrk cgqr fpa rktud gSA cgqr ls vU; jkT;ks a esa Hkh 14 o"kZ dh vk;q rd osQ lHkh cPpksa dks fu'kqYd rFkk vfuok;Z f'k{kk iz nku djus os Q la oS/kfud y{; os Q fudV Hkh ugha igq p ik, gS a ] tcfd bl y{; dks 1960 rd iwjk djuk FkkA

rkfydk 1-5 dks ;ku ls v;;u dhft, vkS j fuEu vuq PNs nks a es a fjDr LFkkuks a dks Hkfj,A gks ldrk gS blo s Q fy, vkidks rkfydk osQ vk/kj ij oqQN x.kuk djuh iM+sA


rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk rkfydk 1-5 mkj izns'k dh xzkeh.k tula[;k mkj izns'k dh xzkeh.k tula[;k mkj izns'k dh xzkeh.k tula[;k mkj izns'k dh xzkeh.k tula[;k mkj izns'k dh xzkeh.k tula[;k dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/ Js.kh dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/ Js.kh dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/ Js.kh dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/ Js.kh dh 'kSf{kd miyfC/ Js.kh

Js .kh iq :"k efgyk xzkeh.k tula [;k dh lk{kjrk nj 52 1910&14 o"kZ os Q cPpks a esa lk{kjrk nj 68 3910&14 o"kZ dh vk;q osQ Low Qy tkus okys

xzkeh.k cPpks a dh izfr'kr 64 31

osQjy esa f'k'kq e` R;q nj de gS D;ks a fd ;gk LokLF; vkS j f'k{kk dh ekSfyd lqfo/k, i;kZ Ir ek=kk esa miyC/ gS aA blh iz dkj] oq QN jkT;ks a esa lkoZtfud forj.k iz .kkyh Bhd izdkj dk;Z djrh gSA ;fn ,s ls LFkkuks a es a jk'ku dh nqdku

Bhd ls ugha pyrh] rks yks x bl leL;k dk gy djok ldrs gS aA ,sls jkT;ks a es a yks xks a os Q LokLF; vkSj iks "k.k Lrj fuf'pr :i ls csgrj gks us dh

la Hkkouk gSA

AglaSem School
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14/93

fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl 1 31 31 31 31 3

ekuo fodkl fjiksVZ ,d ckj ;g ckr le> es a vk tk, fd ;|fi vk; dk Lrj egoiw .kZ gS ] ij ;g fodkl os Q Lrj dks ekius dk vi;kZ Ir ekina M gS ] rks ge vU; ekina Mks a osQ ckjs es a lkspus yxs axs A ,s ls ekinaMks a dh lw ph yEch gks ldrh gS ] ys fdu og bruh mi;ks xh ugha jgs xhA ges a de la [;k es a vf/d egoiw .kZ phkks a dh vko';drk gSA LokLF; vkS j f'k{kk os Q lw pd&tS ls geus os Qjy vkS j iatkc dh rq yuk djus os Q fy, iz;ks x fd;s ] ,s ls gh lwpdks a es a gSa A fiNys yxHkx ,d n'kd es a] LokLF; vkS j f'k{kk

lw pdks a dk vk; os Q lkFk O;kid Lrj ij fodkl osQ eki os Q fy, iz;ks x fd;k tkus yxk gSA mnkgj.k os Q fy,] ;w ,uMhih }kjk izdkf'krekuo fodkl fjiksVZ ns'kks a dh rqyuk yks xks a osQ 'kS f{kd Lrj] mudh LokLF; fLFkfr vkS j izfr O;fDr vk; os Q vk/kj ij djrh gS A Hkkjr vkS j mlosQ iM+ks lh ns 'kks a dh 2006 dh ekuo fodkl fjiks VZ os Q oq QN la c vkdM+ks a ij n`f"V Mkyuk jQfpdj gksxkA

ns 'k iz frO;fDr vk; tUe osQ le; lk{kjrk nj 15$ 3 Lrjksa osQ fy;s fo'o esa ekuo vejhdh MkW yj es a la Hkkfor vk;q o"kZ dh tula [;k ldy ukeka du fodkl lw pdka d

os Q fy, vuq ikr ( HDI ) dk eka d Jhya dk 4390 74 91 69 93Hkkjr 3139 64 61 60 126

E;kuekj 1027 61 90 48 130 ikfdLrku 2225 63 50 35 134 us iky 1490 62 50 61 138 ca Xkykns 'k 1870 63 41 53 137 fVIi.kh 1- HDI dk vFkZ gS ekuo fodkl lw pda kdA ij nh xbZ rkfydk e sa HDI Z lwpda kd dk ekad oqQy 177 ns 'kks a es a ls gSA2- tUe os Q le; la Hkkfor vk;q ] tS lk fd uke ls Li"V gS] O;fDr dh tUe os Q le; vkS lr vk;q dh la Hkkouk n'kkZ rh gSA3- rhuks a Lrjks a os Q fy, ldy ukea kdu vuq ikr ls vFkZ gS iz kFkfed Low Qy] ek;fed Low Qy vkS j mlls vkxs mPp f'k{kk os Q ukea kdu

vuq ikr dk oqQy ;ks xA4- iz frO;fDr vk; dh x.kuk lHkh ns 'kks a os Q fy, MkWyj esa dh tkrh gS] rkfd mldh rq yuk dh tk losQA ;g bl rjhos Q ls Hkh

dh tkrh gS fd ,d MkWyj fdlh Hkh ns'k esa leku ek=kk es a oLrq , vkS j ls ok, [kjhn losQA

dk;Zdyki 3 ;g Kkr djus os Q fy, fd D;k Ok;Ld vYi iks f"kr gS] ,d rjhdk gS] ftls iks "k.k oS Kkfud] 'kjhj nz O;eku lw pdka d (oh-,e-vkbZ -) dgrs gS a A

bldh x.kuk djuk ljy gSA fdlh O;fDr dk Hkkj fdyks xz ke es a yhft,A fiQj mldh ya ckbZ ehVj es a yhft,A fiQj Hkkj dks ya ckbZ os Q oxZ ls Hkkx nhft,A vxj ;g la [;k 18-5 ls de gS rks ml O;fDr dks vYiiks f"kr d gk tk,xkA ys fdu vxj ;g 25 ls vf/d gS] rks og O;fDr vfrHkkfjr g SA ys fdu ;kn jf[k, fd ;g ekin.M c


15/93



D;k ;g vk'p;Z tud ugha gS fd gekjs iM+ ks l dk ,d Nks Vk&lk ns 'k Jhya dk gj fo"k; es a Hkkjr lsvkxs gS vkS j gekjs tS ls cM+ s ns 'k dk fo'o es a bruk

uhpk oz Qeka d gS\ ;g rkfydk ;g Hkh fn[kkrh gS fd ;|fi us iky dh iz frO;fDr vk; Hkkjr dh rq yuk es a vk/h gS] fiQj Hkh og Hkkjr ls vk;q la Hkkfork vkS j

lk{kjrk Lrj es a cgq r ihNs ugha gSA

,p-Mh-vkbZ osQ ifjdyu osQ fy, cgqr ls lq/kjksa dk lq>ko fn;k x;k gSA ekuo fodkl

ge fodkl dks ftl rjg Hkh ifjHkkf"kr djsa ] vHkh os Q fy, eku ys a fd ,d fo'ks "k ns 'k dkI + kQh

fodflr gSA ge fuf'pr :i ls ;g pkgs a xs fd fodkl dk ;g Lrj vkS j pk gks ;k de ls de Hkkoh ih


16/93

fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl 1 51 51 51 51 5

Hkw fexr ty uohdj.kh; lk/u dk mnkgj.k gS a A IkQly vkS j ikS/ks a dh rjg bu lk/uks a dh iq u% iw frZ iz d fr djrh gS] ys fdu ;gk Hkh ge bu lk/uks a dk vfr&mi;ks x dj ldrs gSa A mnkgj.k os Q fy,] Hkwfexr ty dk ;fn cjlkr }kjk gks jgh iq u% iwfrZ ls vfkd iz;ks x djrs gS a] rks ge bl lk/u dk vfrmi;ks x dj jgs gks axsA

mnkgj.k2 izkd`frd lalk/uksa dk nksgu dPps rsy os Q fy, fuEu vkadM+ ks a dks ns f[k,

{ks =k@ns 'k Hk.Mkj Hk.Mkjks a osQ pyus dh vof/ (fcfy;u Vu) (o"kks es a)

e;iw oZ 89 93 la ;q Dr jkT; vejhdk 4 10 fo'o 137 43

; g rkfydk dPps rsy os Q Hk.Mkjksa os Q vuqeku (dkWye 1) dks n'kkZ rh gS A vf/d egoiw .kZ ; g gS fd ;g crkrh gS fd ;fn dPps rsy dk iz;ks x orZ eku nj ij pkyw jgs rks ;s Hk.Mkj f drus o"kZ pysa xs A ;g laiw.kZ fo'o os Q fy, gS A drq vyx&vyx ns 'kks a dh vyx&vyx f LFkfr;k gSa A ;g Hk.Mkj osQoy 43 o"kks es a lekIr gks tk,xsA Hkkjr tS ls ns 'k blos Q vk;kr ij f uHkZ j gSa ] ftlos Q ikl rs y os Q i;kZIr Hk.Mkj ugha gS A rs y dh dhers a c


17/93



vH;kl 1- lkekU;r% fdlh ns 'k dk fodkl fdl vk/kj ij fu/kZ fjr fd;k tk ldrk gS

(d) izfrO;fDr vk; ([k) vkS lr lk{kjrk Lrj (x) yks xksa dh LokLF; fLFkfr (?k) mijksDr lHkh

2- fuEufyf[kr iM+ ks lh ns 'kksa es a ls ekuo fodkl os Q fygkk ls fdl ns 'k dh fLFkfr Hkkjr ls csgrj gS\(d) cka Xykns 'k ([k) Jhya dk

(x) usiky (?k) ikfdLrku

3- eku yhft, fd ,d ns'k es a pkj ifjokj gSa A bu ifjokjksa dh izfrO;fDr vk; 5] 000 #i;s gSa A vxj rhu ifjokjks a dh vk; e'k% 4] 000] 7] 000 vkS j 3] 000 #i;s gS a ] rks pkSFks ifjokj dh vk; D;k gS\

(d) 7] 500 #i;s([k) 3] 000 #i;s(x) 2] 000 #i;s(?k) 6] 000 #i;s

4- fo'o cS a d fofHkUu oxks dk oxhZ dj.k djus osQ fy;s fdl iz eq [k ekin.M dk iz ;ks x djrk gS\ bl ekin.M dh] vxj dks bZ gS a] rks lhek, D;k gS a\

5- fodkl ekius dk ;w -,u-Mh-ih- dk ekin.M fdu igyq vksa es a fo'o cS ad os Q ekin.M ls vyx gS a \6- ge vkSlr dk iz ;ks x D;ksa djrs gS a\ buos Q iz ;ks x djus dh D;k dks bZ lhek, gS a\ fodkl ls tq M+ s vius

mnkgj.k ns dj Li"V dhft,A7- iz frO;fDr vk; de gks us ij Hkh os Qjy dk ekuo fodkl oz Qeka d ia tkc ls mQ pk gSA blfy, iz frO;fDr

vk; ,d mi;ks xh ekin.M fcYoq Qy ugha gS vkSj jkT;ksa dh rqyuk os Q fy, bldk mi;ksx ugha djuk pkfg,A D;k vki lger gS a\ ppkZ dhft,A

i;kZ oj.k es a fxjkoV os Q ifj.kke jk"V h; vkS j jkT; lhekvks a dk [;ky ugha djrs_ ;g ,d {ks =k ;k ns 'kxr fo"k; ugha jg x;k gSA ge lc dk Hkfo"; ijLij tq M+ k gq vk gSA fodkl dh kkj.kh;rk

rqyukRed Lrj ij Kku dk u;k {ks=k gS] ftles a oS Kkfud] vFkZ 'kkL=kh] nk'kZ fud vkS j vU; lkekftd oS Kkfud fey&tqy dj dke dj jgs gS aA

fodkl ;k iz xfr dk iz 'u ges 'kk pyus okyk iz 'u gSA gj oDr esa ] gesa O;fDrxr Lrj ij vkS j lekt dk lnL; gks us os Q ukrs ;g iz 'u iw Nus dh

vko';drk gS fd ge dgk tkuk pkgrs gS a] ge D;k cuuk pkgrs gS a vkS j gekjs y{; D;k gSa \ blfy, fodkl ij cgl tkjh gSA


AglaSem School
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18/93

fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl 1 71 71 71 71 7 fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl fodkl 171 7171 71 7

8- Hkkjr os Q yks xks a }kjk mQtkZ os Q fdu ks rks a dk iz ;ks x fd;k tkrk gS\ Kkr dhft,A vc ls 50 o"kZ i'pkr~ D;k la Hkkouk, gks ldrh gS a\

9- /kj.kh;rk dk fo"k; fodkl osQ fy, D;ks a egoiw.kZ gS\

10- /jrh os Q ikl lc yks xks a dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus osQ fy;s i;kZ Ir lalk/u gS a ] ys fdu ,d Hkh O;fDr os Q ykyp dks iw jk djus osQ fy, i;kZ Ir la lk/u ugha gS aA ;g dFku fodkl dh ppkZ es a oSQls iz klafxd gS\ ppkZ dhft,A

11- i;kZoj.k es a fxjkoV osQ oqQN ,sls mnkgj.kks a dh lw ph cukb, tks vkius vius vklikl ns [ks gks aA12- rkfydk 1-6 es a nh xbZ izR;sd en osQ fy, Kkr dhft, fd dkS u&lk ns 'k lcls ij gS vkS j dkS u&lk

lcls uhpsA13- uhps nh xbZ rkfydk esa Hkkjr es a vYi&iksf"kr o;Ldks a dk vuq ikr fn[kk;k x;k gSA ;g o"kZ 2001 es a

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19/93


20/93

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