psych intro

7/28/2019 Psych Intro

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Fields of Psychology

Developmental

Physiological

Experimental

Personality

Clinical and Counseling

Social Industrial and Organizational (I/O)


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Areas by Research Interests

Developmental

Physiological

ExperimentalPersonality

Social

Cognitive

Psychometric

Other


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Areas by Profession

Clinical

Counseling

Education/

School

Industrial/

Organizational

Other


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Developmental Psychology

studies human mental and physical growth

from conception to death

child psychologists

adolescent psychologists

life-span psychologists


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Physiological Psychology

investigates the biological basis of human

behavior

neuropsychologists

psychobiologists

behavioral geneticists


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Experimental Psychology

learning

memory

sensation

perception

cognition

motivation

emotion

conducts research on basic

psychological processes, such as:


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Personality Psychology

Personality psychologists study the

differences among individuals.


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Clinical & Counseling Psychology

Clinical psychologists are interested

primarily in the diagnosis, cause, and

treatment of psychological disorders.

Counseling psychologists are concerned

primarily with normal problems of

adjustments in life.


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Social Psychology

Social psychologists study how people

influence one another.


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Industrial & Organizational

PsychologyPsychology applied to the workplace.

I/O psychologists are interested in

selecting and training personnel improving productivity and working

conditions

the impact of computerization andautomation on workers


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Enduring Issues in Psychology

Person Situation

Heredity Environment

StabilityChange

Diversity

Mind

Body


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Psychology as Science

scientific method

theory

hypotheses


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Scientific Method

An approach to knowledge that relies on a

systematic method of generating

hypotheses, collecting data, and explainingthe data.


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Theory

The systematic explanation of a

phenomenon.


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Hypothesis

A specific, testable prediction derived from

a theory.


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Goals of Psychology

describe,

explain,

predict,

and control some behaviors


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Structuralism: Wundt & Titchener

Structuralism was concerned withidentifying the units of conscious

experience.

1879: Wundt founds psychologys first

laboratory at Leipzig

Titchener subdivided consciousness into

physical sensations, feelings, and images


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Functionalism: William James

Functionalism was concerned with the

ongoing use of conscious experience.

James argued that consciousness cannot bebroken into elements.

coined the phrase stream of consciousness


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Psychodynamics: Sigmund Freud

Freud focused on the unconscious

determinants of behavior.

Freud developed a method of therapy calledpsychoanalysis.


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Behaviorism: Watson & Skinner

Behaviorism is only concerned with

behavior that can be observed and

measured. Watson founded behaviorism.

Skinner focused on the role of

reinforcement.


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Gestalt: Wertheimer, Khler,

& Koffka Gestaltmovement was concerned with the

perception of good form.

coined the phrase the whole is not equal tothe sum of its parts


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Existential and Humanistic

Existentialism is concerned with alienation

and apathy in modern life.

Humanism is concerned with helping peoplerealize their full potential.


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Cognitive Psychology

concerned with memory, thinking,

language, learning, decision making

expanded the concept of behavior toinclude thoughts, feelings, and states of

consciousness


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Evolutionary Psychology

concerned with

the evolutionary origins of behaviors and

mental process, their adaptive value,

and the purposes they continue to serve

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