VOLCANO VOLCANO 11

PrefacePreface

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Dear Readers, This power point presentation has been designed how to learn what to do when you are hit by this disaster. In this power point presentation you will find the the disaster that struck the world. In this power point you’ll find the study, history and the plan how to do if you are hit by this disaster. This power point contains the study, history and circumstances happens in earth in the past years until now.

IntroductionIntroduction

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Greetings On Readers, The purpose of my presentation is to introduce the importance of preparedness in case of severe accidents impacting your area and what would make when it hits your area. And this disaster is Volcanic Activities and Eruption.This Disaster is very destructive to all human resources and natural resources. The one you will see in this presentation are examples only. It took only internet.

Table of ContentsTable of Contents PAGEPAGE

CHAPTER 1CHAPTER 1

History - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 – 21History - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 – 21 CHAPTER 2CHAPTER 2

Gathered Information - - - - - - - 22 – 39Gathered Information - - - - - - - 22 – 39

CHAPTER 3CHAPTER 3 Safety Tips - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -40Safety Tips - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -40 Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41Conclusion - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 41 Reference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42Reference - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42 Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 43Bibliography - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4344

What is the Ring of FireWhat is the Ring of Fire

A zone along the edge of Pacific Ocean A zone along the edge of Pacific Ocean that has many Volcanoes and that has many Volcanoes and Earthquakes.( Source 2)Earthquakes.( Source 2)

The horseshoe shaped belt stretches The horseshoe shaped belt stretches about 25,000 miles from New Zealand about 25,000 miles from New Zealand northwest to the Philippines, northeast to northwest to the Philippines, northeast to Japan, east to Alaska, and South to Japan, east to Alaska, and South to Oregon, California, Mexico, and the Andes Oregon, California, Mexico, and the Andes Mountains of South America.( Source 2)Mountains of South America.( Source 2)

It is a large ring of Stratovolcanoes circling It is a large ring of Stratovolcanoes circling the Pacific Ocean.( Source 3)the Pacific Ocean.( Source 3)

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CHAPTER 1

The Ring of FireThe Ring of Fire

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How many Volcanoes and How many Volcanoes and Earthquakes are in the Ring of Earthquakes are in the Ring of

Fire?Fire? About 350 historically active About 350 historically active

Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire.( Source Volcanoes in the Ring of Fire.( Source 2)2)

Home to 452 Volcanoes and 75% of Home to 452 Volcanoes and 75% of worlds active and dormant worlds active and dormant Volcanoes. ( Source 1)Volcanoes. ( Source 1)

90% of the worlds earthquakes are 90% of the worlds earthquakes are on the Ring of Fire.( Source 1)on the Ring of Fire.( Source 1)

89% of worlds largest earthquakes 89% of worlds largest earthquakes happen along Ring of Fire.( Source 1)happen along Ring of Fire.( Source 1)

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How was the Ring of Fire How was the Ring of Fire made?made?

It is associated with a nearly It is associated with a nearly continuous series of oceanic continuous series of oceanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic trenches, volcanic arcs, and volcanic belts, and/or plate movements.belts, and/or plate movements.( Source 1)( Source 1)

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What is affected because of What is affected because of the Ring of Fire?the Ring of Fire?

4 Continents are affected because of 4 Continents are affected because of the Ring of Fire ( Asia, Oceania, the Ring of Fire ( Asia, Oceania, North America, and South America.) ( North America, and South America.) ( Source 1)Source 1)

8 Tectonic Plates are affected 8 Tectonic Plates are affected ( Pacific plate, Cocos plate, Nazca ( Pacific plate, Cocos plate, Nazca plate, Philippine plate, North plate, Philippine plate, North American plate, Eurasian plate, Indo-American plate, Eurasian plate, Indo-Australia, and South American plate.) Australia, and South American plate.) ( Source 2)( Source 2) 99

What is the best known What is the best known dormant Volcanoes in the Ring dormant Volcanoes in the Ring

of Fire?of Fire? Top 5 most known Dormant Top 5 most known Dormant

Volcanoes in Ring of Fire are…. Volcanoes in Ring of Fire are…. ( Source 4)( Source 4)

1: MT. Rainier 1: MT. Rainier 2: MT. Fuji2: MT. Fuji 3: MT. Hood3: MT. Hood 4: MT. Shasta 4: MT. Shasta 5: MT. Edgecumbe5: MT. Edgecumbe

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Are the Volcanoes in the Are the Volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands part of the Hawaiian Islands part of the

Ring of Fire? Ring of Fire? Mona Loa and Kilauea in the Mona Loa and Kilauea in the

Hawaiian Islands are not part of the Hawaiian Islands are not part of the Ring of Fire. ( Source 2)Ring of Fire. ( Source 2)

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What are some examples of What are some examples of Volcanoes or Earthquakes Volcanoes or Earthquakes that are on the Ring of Firethat are on the Ring of Fire

Some examples are……Some examples are……

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Mt. St. Helens Mt. St. Helens

Mt. St. Helens is a Volcano that is part of Mt. St. Helens is a Volcano that is part of the Ring of Fire that erupted in 1980.the Ring of Fire that erupted in 1980.( Source 1)( Source 1)

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The San Francisco earthquake The San Francisco earthquake of 1989. of 1989.

The San Francisco earthquake of 1989 The San Francisco earthquake of 1989 is part of Ring of Fire.( Source 1)is part of Ring of Fire.( Source 1)

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Mt. Popocatepetl Mt. Popocatepetl

Popocatepetl is a Volcano in Mexico that is Popocatepetl is a Volcano in Mexico that is part of Ring of Fire that last erupted in part of Ring of Fire that last erupted in 2012 it is ongoing.( Source 1)2012 it is ongoing.( Source 1)

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Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

Mt. Fuji is a Volcano in Japan that’s Mt. Fuji is a Volcano in Japan that’s part of the Ring of Fire it last erupted part of the Ring of Fire it last erupted in 1707-08.( Source 1)in 1707-08.( Source 1)

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Mt. PinatuboMt. Pinatubo

Mt. Pinatubo is a Volcano in Philippines Mt. Pinatubo is a Volcano in Philippines and part of Ring of Fire and it last erupted and part of Ring of Fire and it last erupted in 1991. ( Source 1)in 1991. ( Source 1)

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Mayon VolcanoMayon Volcano

Mayon Volcano is part of the Ring of Fire it Mayon Volcano is part of the Ring of Fire it last erupted in 2010 it is in the Philippines.last erupted in 2010 it is in the Philippines.( Source1)( Source1)

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Mt. Edziza Mt. Edziza

Mt. Edziza is a volcano in British Columbia, Mt. Edziza is a volcano in British Columbia, Canada that is part of the Ring of Fire it Canada that is part of the Ring of Fire it last erupted in 1340 BP.( Source 1)last erupted in 1340 BP.( Source 1)

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ChileChile

Chile ( located in South America and Chile ( located in South America and is part of Ring of Fire) holds the is part of Ring of Fire) holds the record for the largest earthquake record for the largest earthquake ever recorded in 1960 at 9.5.( Source ever recorded in 1960 at 9.5.( Source 1) 1)

2020

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My GraphMy Graph

VolcanVolcanoesoes

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CHAPTER 2

DefinitionsDefinitions

Viscosity - the property of a fluid that resists Viscosity - the property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause the fluid to flowthe force tending to cause the fluid to flow

Magma - molten material beneath or within Magma - molten material beneath or within the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is the earth's crust, from which igneous rock is formedformed

Lava - the molten, fluid rock that issues from Lava - the molten, fluid rock that issues from a volcano or volcanic venta volcano or volcanic vent

Ash - the powdery residue of matter that Ash - the powdery residue of matter that remains after burningremains after burning

Caldera - A large crater formed by volcanic Caldera - A large crater formed by volcanic explosion or by collapse of a volcanic cone.explosion or by collapse of a volcanic cone.

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What is a volcano?What is a volcano? A volcano is A volcano is

an opening an opening in the in the Earth’s Earth’s crust, crust, which which allows hot allows hot magma, magma, ash and ash and gases to gases to escape escape from below from below the surface.the surface.2424

Structure of a VolcanoStructure of a Volcano

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What Greeks BelievedWhat Greeks Believed

Volcano is from the Volcano is from the Latin word vulcanLatin word vulcan

Thought it was an Thought it was an entrance to the entrance to the fiery underworld.fiery underworld.

Thought the god of Thought the god of Fire, Hephaestus, Fire, Hephaestus, lived beneath Mt. lived beneath Mt. EtnaEtna

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Ring of Fire!!Ring of Fire!! 90% of volcanoes are in the Ring of 90% of volcanoes are in the Ring of

Fire which is band of volcanoes Fire which is band of volcanoes circling the Pacific Oceancircling the Pacific Ocean

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Largest Volcano in the Largest Volcano in the WorldWorld

• Mauna Loa, on Mauna Loa, on Hawaii’s Big Hawaii’s Big IslandIsland

• Shield VolcanoShield Volcano• Made by Made by

several lava several lava flowsflows

• Top to bottom Top to bottom 56,000 ft56,000 ft

• Last eruption in Last eruption in 19841984 2828

ClassifyClassify

Active - has erupted since the last Active - has erupted since the last ice ageice age

Dormant – hasn’t erupted in the last Dormant – hasn’t erupted in the last 10,000 years, but is expected to 10,000 years, but is expected to erupt againerupt again

Extinct – no one ever expects it to Extinct – no one ever expects it to erupt againerupt again

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Types of VolcanoesTypes of Volcanoes

Shield volcanoShield volcano StratovolcanoStratovolcano SupervolcanoSupervolcano Submarine volcanoSubmarine volcano Subglacial volcanoSubglacial volcano Mud volcanoMud volcano

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Shield VolcanoShield Volcano Broad, shield like profileBroad, shield like profile Formed by the eruption Formed by the eruption

of low-viscosity lava of low-viscosity lava that can flow a great that can flow a great distance from a ventdistance from a vent

Since low-viscosity Since low-viscosity magma is typically low magma is typically low in silica, shield in silica, shield volcanoes are more volcanoes are more common in oceanic common in oceanic than continental than continental settings. settings.

Found in Hawaii and Found in Hawaii and IcelandIceland

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StratovolcanoStratovolcano Tall conical mountains Tall conical mountains

composed of lava flows in composed of lava flows in alternate layersalternate layers

Also known as composite Also known as composite volcanoes, created from volcanoes, created from several structures during several structures during different kinds of eruptionsdifferent kinds of eruptions

Made of cinders, ash and lava. Made of cinders, ash and lava. Cinders and ash pile on top of Cinders and ash pile on top of each other, lava flows on top of each other, lava flows on top of the ash, where it cools and the ash, where it cools and hardens, and then the process hardens, and then the process begins again. begins again.

Mt. Fuji, Mt. Vesuvius, and Mt. Mt. Fuji, Mt. Vesuvius, and Mt. Mayon are examplesMayon are examples

Explosive eruptions have Explosive eruptions have posed the greatest hazard to posed the greatest hazard to civilizationscivilizations

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SupervolcanoSupervolcano Large volcano that usually has Large volcano that usually has

a large a large caldera and can and can potentially produce potentially produce devastation on an enormous, devastation on an enormous, sometimes continental, scalesometimes continental, scale

Such eruptions would be able Such eruptions would be able to cause severe cooling of to cause severe cooling of global temperatures for many global temperatures for many years afterwards because of years afterwards because of the huge volumes of sulfur and the huge volumes of sulfur and ash eruptedash erupted

They are the most dangerous They are the most dangerous type type

Examples include Yellowstone Examples include Yellowstone Caldera in Yellowstone Caldera in Yellowstone National Park and Valles National Park and Valles Caldera in New Mexico Caldera in New Mexico

Hard to identify centuries later, Hard to identify centuries later, given the enormous areas they given the enormous areas they cover.cover. 3333

Submarine VolcanoSubmarine Volcano Common features on the Common features on the

ocean floor. ocean floor. Some are active and, in Some are active and, in

shallow water, blast steam shallow water, blast steam and rocky debris high above and rocky debris high above the surface of the sea. the surface of the sea.

Many others lie at such great Many others lie at such great depths that the tremendous depths that the tremendous weight of the water above weight of the water above them prevents the explosive them prevents the explosive release of steam and gases, release of steam and gases, although they can be although they can be detected by hydrophones detected by hydrophones and discoloration of water and discoloration of water because of volcanic gases. because of volcanic gases. Pumice rafts may also Pumice rafts may also appear. Even large appear. Even large submarine eruptions may not submarine eruptions may not disturb the ocean surface.disturb the ocean surface.

• Because of the rapid cooling effect of water as compared to air, and increased buoyancy, submarine volcanoes often form rather steep pillars over their volcanic vents as compared to above-surface volcanoes. They may become so large that they break the ocean surface as new islands.

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Subglacial VolcanoSubglacial Volcano Develop underneath Develop underneath

icecaps. icecaps. Made up of flat lava Made up of flat lava

which flows at the top which flows at the top of extensive pillow of extensive pillow lavaslavas

When the icecap melts, When the icecap melts, the lavas on the top the lavas on the top collapse leaving a flat-collapse leaving a flat-topped mountain. topped mountain.

Also called table Also called table mountains mountains

Examples are in Iceland Examples are in Iceland and British Columbiaand British Columbia

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Mud VolcanoMud Volcano

Formations created by Formations created by geo-excreted liquids geo-excreted liquids and gases, although and gases, although there are several there are several different processes different processes which may cause such which may cause such activity. activity.

The largest structures The largest structures are 10 kilometers in are 10 kilometers in diameter and reach diameter and reach 700 meters high.700 meters high.

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Mt. St. HelensMt. St. Helens

Located in WashingtonLocated in Washington StratovolcanoStratovolcano Most famous for eruption on May 18, Most famous for eruption on May 18,

19801980 Most active volcano in United StatesMost active volcano in United States

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May 18, 1980May 18, 1980

Most catastrophic eruptionMost catastrophic eruption 57 people killed, 250 homes, 47 57 people killed, 250 homes, 47

bridges, 15 miles of railway, and 185 bridges, 15 miles of railway, and 185 miles of highway were destroyedmiles of highway were destroyed

Caused a mass debris avalanche Caused a mass debris avalanche bringing the elevation from 9,667ft bringing the elevation from 9,667ft to 8,365ftto 8,365ft

Made a horseshoe shaped craterMade a horseshoe shaped crater

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Volcano BenefitsVolcano Benefits

Provide valuable Provide valuable mineral depositsmineral deposits

Fertile soils Fertile soils Geothermal Geothermal

energyenergy Lava can build Lava can build

new land, like in new land, like in Hawaii Hawaii

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Safety tipsSafety tips

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•Stay away from active volcanoes.• If you live near an active volcano, keep goggles and a mask in an emergencykit, along with a flashlight and a working, battery-operated radio.• Know your evacuation route. Keep gas in your car.

If a Volcano Erupts in your Area

• Know your evacuation route. Keep gas in your car.• Evacuate only as recommended by authorities to stay clear of lava, mud flows, and flying rocks and debris.•Avoid river areas and low-lying regions.•Before you leave the house, change into long-sleeved shirts and long pants and use goggles or eyeglasses, not contacts. Wear an emergency mask or hold a damp cloth over your face.•If you are not evacuating, close windows and doors and block chimneys and other vents, to prevent ash from coming into the house.•Be aware that ash may put excess weight on your roof and need to be swept away. Wear protection during cleanups.•Ash can damage engines and metal parts, so avoid driving. If you must drive, stay below 35 miles (56 kilometers) an hour.

ConclusionConclusion

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Now, to sum up my presentation the main points of my presentation is aboutPacific ring of fire. Pacific ring of fire is a group of volcanoes surrounding many counties. Philippines is a part of pacific ring of fire Volcano is very destructive. Volcano can make an Earthquake because of volcanic activities and some after volcanic eruption. In conclusion, my recommendations are : your mind should be active in calamities you have to be ready if theres any calamities written in this conlusion.

ResourcesResources www.wikipedia.comwww.wikipedia.com http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/volcanofaq/http://blogs.oregonstate.edu/volcanofaq/ http://www.nationalgeographic.com/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/

forcesofnature/interactive/index.htmlforcesofnature/interactive/index.html http://dictionary.reference.com/http://dictionary.reference.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Volcano_(film)Volcano_(film) http://facts.randomhistory.com/http://facts.randomhistory.com/

2009/01/30_volcanoes.html2009/01/30_volcanoes.html www.amazon.comwww.amazon.com

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Bibliography Bibliography Source 1: Wikimedia Foundation, INC. (March 19 2012) The Source 1: Wikimedia Foundation, INC. (March 19 2012) The

Pacific Ring of Fire. Wikipedia. March 19 2012. Pacific Ring of Fire. Wikipedia. March 19 2012. <<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Firehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific_Ring_of_Fire>>

Source 2: World Book, INC. (2005) World Book encyclopedia Source 2: World Book, INC. (2005) World Book encyclopedia 2005 edition. Chicago,Illinois: World Book, INC.2005 edition. Chicago,Illinois: World Book, INC.

Source 3: BrainPOP. (1999-2012). Volcanoes. BrainPop. Source 3: BrainPOP. (1999-2012). Volcanoes. BrainPop. (March 19 2012). <(March 19 2012). <http://www.brainpop.comhttp://www.brainpop.com/> />

Source 4: Yahoo! (2012) What are the top 5 most known Source 4: Yahoo! (2012) What are the top 5 most known dormant volcanoes in the ring of fire? Yahoo! Answers. dormant volcanoes in the ring of fire? Yahoo! Answers. (March 19 2012). <(March 19 2012). <http://answers.yahoo.comhttp://answers.yahoo.com/> />

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