fire ppt iiitd

7/30/2019 Fire Ppt Iiitd

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HOW a fire works

Fire prevention methodsEmergency procedures on site

Dos and Donts


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88% deaths were caused due to

inhalation of smoke & toxic gases

5% 7%

88%

Death Due to Burn

Injuries

Jumping to death

By inhalation of smoke

& toxic gases


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ObjectivesUnderstand thecombustion process anddifferent fire classes.Understand fireextinguisher types,operating procedures,capabilities, andlimitations.Understand basicfirefighting concepts:


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F

I

N

D

I

N

F

O

RM

R

E

S

T

RI

C

T

EX

T

I

N

GU

I

S

H


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is a chemical reaction

between oxygen and fuel and

it evolves heat after reaction.

FIRE-


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A fire involvingordinarycombustiblematerials such aspaper, wood, clothand plasticmaterials.

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

CLASS-A FIRE


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A fire involving combustible orflammable liquids grease,tar oil basedPaints and similar materials.

CLASS-B FIRE


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A fire involving energized electricalEquipment where safety to the employeerequires the use of electricallynon-conductive extinguishing media

CLASS C FIRE


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A fire involving combustiblemetals such as magnesium,titanium, zirconium, sodium,lithium and potassium.

CLASS-D FIRE


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FIRE TRIANGLE

FUEL

STARVATION

COMPONENTS OF FIRE


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Pouring Water on Fire ( e.g. Fire Hydrants, Water

Extinguishers )

Cutting of supply of combustible materials ( e.g.

closing fuel supply line, removing wood, paper etc. )

Removing Oxygen supply to fire for e.g. CO2 & DCP

extinguishers, using fire blankets etc.

1 COOLING- REMOVAL OF HEAT

2 STARVATION- REMOVAL OF FUEL

3 SMOOTHERING - REMOVAL OF OXYGEN

PROCESS OF EXTINGUISH FIRE


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FIRE

DETECTION

FIRE FIGHTING


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Fire Control Panel. Slave control panel is located in each block. Main Control Panel is located in BMS integrated to each slave panel. The smoke /Heat detectors are installed by the floor occupants and

are connected to the Fire Control panel. The main panel has inbuilt zone wise fire detector and automatic alarm on

all floors, through an amplifier. In case of Fire ,Fire Control Panel will indicate location, Time, Date. We shall control the alarm sound by Fire Control Panel.

Smoke & Heat Detector In case of Fire, Smoke & Heat Detector do the sense of Smoke & Heat

and indicate at Fire Control Panel. If the system detects any abnormal heat/smoke it shall set of an alarm. have been posted in all lobbies. And rooms The alarm may sound in the

form of a hooter. Also ,LED response indicators installed in the area willglow up.

Fire Alarm/ Hooters Manual Control Point: It need to be push in pull down to alarm for a

fire situation all occupant & staff are alert. Hooter- Unless made silent from control panel this will continue to

sound.


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Portable Fire Extinguisher. As per classification of Fire, Portable Fire Extinguishers

are utilized for First Aid Fire Fighting.

Fire Hydrant System Incase of fire we connect delivery hoses in hydrant and

use the water forextinguish the fire.

Sprinkler System Sprinkling system provided on roof top all around

building at each floor to give a protection for fire

extinguishing by water spray in an particular area/room. This system operate automatically on an particular fixed

temperature.


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Introduction Portable fire extinguishers can be found around theworkplace or at building. They are an effective means ofextinguishing accidental fires in the early stages and areintended to be used by the normal, relatively untraineduser.

The different types of portable fire extinguishers, thetypes of fire they are suitable for, and the suitable firefighting techniques for using the equipment.

Types of Fire

A fire extinguisher is not for all kinds of fire andsituations. Therefore, before learning to use a fireextinguisher, we have to understand different types offires.

Class A Fires: Normal combustibles such as wood, paper,cloth and other solid carbonaceous materials.

Class B Fires: Flammable liquids such as petrol,lubricating oil, gas oil, naphtha, alcohols etc.

Class C Fires: Gases emerging as burning jets from anorifice or fissure.

Class D Fires: Flammable metals such as magnesium,titanium, sodium, and the radioactive metals. Electrical Fires may be another unique class of fire due to

the hazard of electrocution. However, they have not beengiven a separate classification


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PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUIHERDISCHARGE LEVER

DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN

AND SEAL

DISCHARGE TUBE

DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY

CARRYINGHANDLE

PRESSURE GAUGE(not found on CO2

ext inguishers)


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Water Type

Foam Type

CO2

Dry Chemical Powder

Clean Agent Gas


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Class A fires only.2.5 gal. water (up to 1 minutedischarge time).Has pressure gauge to allow visualcapacity check.10-12 mt. maximum effective range.Can be started and stopped asnecessary.Extinguishes by cooling burningmaterial below the ignition point.

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease

C Electrical Equipment

A Trash W ood Paper

B Liquids Grease


PRESSURIZED WATER


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Class A or B fires Total capacity 9 Lt. (upto 5-6 mt. range) It contains 8.5 Lt.waterAnd 500 ml.AFFF Extinguishes by

smothering burningmaterials.


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Foam type

CONSTRUCTION

This extinguisher consists of a

cylindrical body onto which a cap

union is fitted.

The cap union is fitted with a Co2

gas cartridge, piercer mechanism

and safety clip.

The body is fitted with a siphon

tube. Screwed onto the nipple of

the siphon tube is a flexible braided

plastic hose terminating with

plastic foam making branch pipe.

F t


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Foam type

METHOD OF OPERATION:

Keep the extinguisher on the

ground or platform

Withdraw the branch pipe from its

seat, swing back the safety clip

and press down the knob with the

palm.

This action releases Co2 gas from

the cartridge and pressurizes the

extinguisher body.

Foam is then directed to fall onto

the fire gently.


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CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)Class B or C fires.(8-30 seconds dischargetime).Has NOpressure gauge-capacity verified byweight.1-3 m t. maximum effectiverange.Extinguishes by smotheringburning materials.Effectiveness decreasesastemperature of burningmaterial increases.

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease



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HOSE

VALVE

CYLINDER

HORN

HANDLE

PIN

CONSTRUCTION

The extinguisher consists of

a cylindrical body onto which

a wheel valve is fitted. The

wheel valve is having a

safety pin with which we can

lock the wheel valve and also

to this wheel valve a

discharge horn made of fibre

plastic is fitted. The body is

fixed with a siphon tube.


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Carbon Dioxide

HOSE

VALVE

CYLINDER

HORN

HANDLE

PIN

METHOD OF OPERATION:

Remove the safety pin and

turn the wheel in anti-

clockwise direction anddirect the gas to the seat

of fire with the help of the

discharge horn. We can

control the flow of the gasturning the wheel valve in

clockwise direction.


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MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL

A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


A Trash Wood Paper

B Liquids Grease


Class A, B, or C fires.dry chemical (ammoniumphosphate) pressurized bynitrogen gas (8-25 secondsdischarge time).Has pressure gauge to allowvisual capacity check.2-6 mt maximum effective range.Extinguishes by smotheringburning materials.


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CONSTRUCTION

DCP extinguisher consists of a

cylindrical body onto which a cap

union is screwed.

The cap union is having the

piercer mechanism and safety

clip and Co2 gas cartridge is

screwed onto this.

The body is fixed with siphon

tube.

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

SAFETY CLIP

CATRIDGE

DCP

OUTER

CONTAINER

HOSE

NOZZEL

(Cartridge Type)


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SAFETY CLIP

CATRIDGE

DCP

OUTER

CONTAINER

HOSE

NOZZEL

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

METHOD OF OPERATION

Withdraw the hose from its seat,

swing back the safety clip and

press down the knob with the

palm.

This releases Co2 gas from thecartridge and pressurizes theextinguisher body.

This pressure pushes the drypowder out which comes out as astream.

The stream of powder is directedtowards the BASE of fire.

(Cartridge Type)


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Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)Stored Pressure Type

USE

Suitable for Class A, B and C

fires.

IS Code: 13949 -1993

Size of Fire Extinguishers

0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10kg

D Ch i l P d


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Dry Chemical Powder(DCP)

METHOD OF OPERATION

Aim at the base of the fire.

Squeeze the valve

From one side of fire Cover

the whole area by

sweeping action.


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Eco friendly Gas filledcylinders.

Simple to operate

Also available as selfactuated cylinderswhich burstautomatically when

temp rises beyond 60deg Celcius.


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Using A Fire Extinguisher

USE PASS System


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PASS-

PullAimSqueezeSweep


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Pull

oPull the Pin

This will allowyou to dischargethe extinguisher.


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Aim

oAim at thebase of thefire


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SqueezeoSqueeze thetop handle orlever.

This depresses abutton thatreleases thepressurizedextinguishing agentin the extinguisher


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Sweep-

oSweep fromside to sideuntil the fire iscompletelyout.


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Fire Detection & Alarm System

Main control panel is located in the BMS room Slave panels integrated with Main panel is located ineach block.

The smoke /Heat detectors are installed by the flooroccupants and are connected to the main panel.

All AHU and other ventilation / pressurization systemsare operationally hooked-up with fire alarm/detection

system. Fire fighting system : The following fire fighting system are provided with the

above detection and alarm system. Fire Pumps (Hydrant pump, Sprinkler pump, Jockey

pump and diesel driven pump) Fire Hydrants , Hose reels , Fire Extinguishers ,

Sprinkler System & PA System


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Rules for Fighting FiresFight fire in up wind direction.Start fighting the fire from safedistance (2 5 m) away.Direct the stream to the base ofthe fire.Sweep the stream from side toside.Do not leave the fire area unlessyou are sure that the fire iscompletely out.


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Signage

Signage have been posted in all lobbies.

Fire Alarm: If the system detects any abnormal heat/smoke it shall set of an alarm.

The alarm may sound in the form of a hooter.

Water sprinkler :

They get activated when the temp.in the area increases above the 68 deg.C.

Wet Riser System : Pressurized wet riser are provide in the building to which 63 mm hose pipes can be

connected for carrying out fire fighting by the trained person.

Hose Reels :

Hose reels are also provided on wet riser. In case of small fire ,individual can usethese to extinguish the fire.

.


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Fire Extinguishers: Fire Extinguishers have been provided at different

fire points next to Fire Hydrant chest as follows:-

a) Water Type

b) Co2 Type

c) ABC Type Dry Chemical

Powder

DG Area: Provided with major Fire Fighting Equipment:

a) 50 ltr trolley mounted foam Type

Extinguisher.

b) Water and sand bucket arrangement.

Panel Room: Provided with 10 Kg trolley mounted FireExtinguisher.

Server Room: Provided with Following Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers:-

a) Self actuated ceiling mounted 5kg fire extinguishers

b) Two Kg wall mounted clean fire extinguishers


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Dos The occupant entity should designate one senior

member as a warden from each floor. Good housekeeping must be ensured. Dont smoke inside the building. All receptacles for waste should be emptied at regular

intervals. Faulty electrical appliances should be replaced

immediately. Welding, cutting jobs should be carried out under strict

supervision. Fire rescue drills should be carried at regular intervals.Dont Dont plug too many electrical appliances in one socket Dont paint fire detector/sprinkler heads.


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Fire Source Detection & Information

Sources from where the fire call can be received in the fire controlroom:(a) Fire panel in the fire control room.(b) Phone call.(c) Personnel information(d) The manual call point

Action to be taken by the Security staff in the firecontrol room:(a) Security guard should be sent for verification.(b) A second guard should be send with fire extinguisher.(c) To inform local fire Manager.

Isolation of power supplyThe Manger FM along with the engineering staff will cut ofthe electrical supply to the affected area


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Causes of Fire Hot WorkFriction (Welding, Grinding)

Electrical cables

Electrical equipment

Smoking

Combustible materials

Sources of fire at site


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Fire Emergency Response

A

R

C

E

Rescue

Alarm

Contain

Extinguish

Fire Fighting


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Fire Fighting

Emergency Procedure

1. Alarm- F i re F i re F i re

2. Shut Down electrical supply tothe area.

3. Dont place your own life in

danger

4. If you feel comfortable collectfire extinguisher

5. Choose the correct

extinguisher and go to the fire

6. Extinguish fire7. Remember to aim at base for

best results


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Assembly Point is the predecided safe area for assemblingof the occupant employees. Wherethey stand safely in case ofemergency.

All employees of the occupant will assembleat this point in case of emergency.

After assembling all floor in charges willverify their respective floor.

After counting all floor in charges will informto security officer about any missing person.Security officer along with rescue team willsearch the missing person and evacuatehim/her to assembly area. Required first aidto be provided to the injured person.


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fire ppt iiitd

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