AUTOMATIC FIRE FIGHTING ROBOT

Presented by:DELIA JAMES

ANUSHA WILSON

INTRODUCTION:

• Aims to develop microcontroller based fire fighting robot.

• Monitors the areas where natural calamities and bomb explosion occurs.

• Sense fire, smoke and temperature at the site of disaster by using flame and smoke sensors mounted on the robot.

• If fire is detected with the help of sensors , MCU operates water pump mechanism.

OBJECTIVE:

• To detect fire in the disaster prone area.

• Also provides audio and visual indications.

• Extinguishes fire on detection.

• Reduces the efforts of human labour and level of destruction.

MCU

MOTOR INTERFACING

CIRCUITS

GEARED DC MOTOR

GEARED DC MOTOR

ROBOT

AUDIO & VISUAL ALARM

PUMP

FLAME SENSOR

SMOKE SENSOR

RELAY & DRIVER CIRCUIT

TEMP.SENSOR

BLOCK DIAGRAM

COMPONENTS :

•Flame sensor •Smoke & Temperature sensor•PIC 16F73• Motor Driver & Geared DC Motor•Relay•Buzzer•Led•Pump

TEMPERATURE SENSOR: Transducers used for the measurement of

temperature at the site of disaster.

Gives out electrical output to the existing temperature.

Output voltage is proportional to the Celsius temperature.

SMOKE SENSOR:

Smoke is a colloid and comprises a collection of airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases emitted when a material undergoes combustion.

It is commonly an unwanted by-product of fires.

The smoke sensor detects smoke and provides output to the MCU.

FLAME SENSOR:

• A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire.

MICROCONTROLLER- PIC16F73:

Takes or read data from the sensors and controls all the functions of the whole system by manipulating these data.

Control the movement of robot. If the sensor outputs are found higher than

preset value it indicates presence of fire and MCU operates the water pump mechanism.

MOTOR DRIVER:

Provides an interface between the 5V logic signal from the microcontroller & the high current / high voltage power side to drive the motor.

Motor is an electromechanical device, which convert electrical energy to rotation/ mechanical energy.

DC Geared Motor is used to drive the robotic vehicle.

VISUAL INDICATION & AUDIO ALARM:

Visual indicators are used here for indicating the conditions of the sensors, different colored LEDs are used here.

If any of the sensor output will be high, MCU will turns ON the audio alarm for intimating the condition to others.

RELAY & DRIVER CIRCUIT:

Interfacing is required for connecting a relay with any microcontroller.

Relays are inductive loads and control water pumps.

Driving circuit is fixed between relays and processor pins.

The output of the microcontroller is fed to the relay driver for current boosting. The output of this magnetizes the relay.

WATER PUMP:

Used to pump water when an abnormal condition arises in the system.

When excess temperature, smoke and flame detected, the water pump starts pumping water.

Water pump is connected to the relay, the relay becomes energizes according to the instruction from the MCU.

WORKING: • Consists of temperature sensor, smoke sensor, flame sensor,

MCU, water pump and geared motor.• The robot continously monitors variation of the surrounding

area using these sensors.• Robotic vehicle moves through the disaster area as per the

instructions from MCU.• Whenever the temperature exceed a limit value and flame

and smoke detected MCU identifies that there is presence of fire and operate water pump.

• MCU operates the relay through the relay interface.• Audio and visual indications are attached to the robotic

system.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PIC16F73:Control unit of this project28 pin package3 Input/Output port- A,B & C5 Analog/Digital input channelsOperating Frequency: 20MhzClock Frequency:4Mhz

TEMPERATURE SENSOR:

FEATURES:

Sense the body temperature. Supply is connected to the source through a

current limiting resistor (100 ohm). 3rd pin of LM35 is grounded.Output of sensor is in milli volt range and is

amplified using LM358 before feeding to the MCU.

The output from this circuit is fed to RA0 of the MCU for further procedures.

SMOKE SENSOR:CO (carbon monoxide) sensor used for the detection of smoke.

its output will correspond to the CO present at the area.

The output of the sensor is interfaced via RA2 of the microcontroller.

MQ-7 gas sensor is used

FLAME SENSOR:

•Flame sensor can detect flame or fire at wavelength 750 nm•Detect flame from distance of 20cm•Detection angle 60•Adjustable sensitivity•Operating voltage :3.3-5V•The sensor is kept at a certain distance away from fire to avoid damage

WHEEL MOTOR DRIVER CIRCUIT (L293D)•Interfacing unit between MCU and DC motor

•Controls two DC motors

MOTOR DRIVER

• Provides interfacing between MCU and wheel motor

• Quadruple high current half H drivers

• Designed to provide bidirectional current up to 1A

• Wide supply voltage :4.5-36V

MOTOR CONTROL RELAY CIRCUIT

•Electrical relays are interfaced to MCU via the driving circuits

•Relay is used control the water pump

AUDIO INDICATOR

•Buzzer is interfaced to the MCU via the transistor acting as a switch

•MCU send high signal to BC547

VISUAL INDICATORS:

•LED is used for the purpose of visual indication. 3 LEDs are interfaced indicating different sensors•They are interfaced to RC1,RC2 & RC3 of microcontroller. •1K current limiting resistors are used to interface the LEDs to the microcontroller.

POWER SUPPLY

•Consist of 12V car battery,voltage regulator IC 7805 and capacitor as filters

•Provides regulation of either a fixed positive voltage,a fixed negative voltage or an adjustably set voltage

START

INITIALISATION OF PORTS, MEMORY LOCATIONS

X

CHECK FOR SMOKE SENSOR OUTPUT

YES

NO

CHECK FOR TEMP>40

YES

NO

ON SMOKE LED

FLOWCHART:

Y

X

ON FLAME LED, ON BUSSER, OPEARTE WATER PUMP

NO

STOP

CHECK FOR FLAME

SENSOR

ON TEPERATURE LED

Y

YES

ADVANTAGES

The fire detecting robot helps in following ways:

•To detect the exact direction of the fire source.

•Capability of sensing accurately with increased flexibility.

•Reduce human effort.

•Reliable and economical.

•Not sensitive to weather conditions.

DISADVANTAGES

• No monitoring system for the vehicle.• No remote control for the robotic movement.• Our system used only for less than 3.5Kg

application.• It is not used to put out large fires.

APPLICATION:

• Can be used in server rooms.• Extinguishes fire where probability of

explosion is high.• Usable in Power plant control rooms, Captain

bridges,Flight control centres.• Disaster area monitoring and rescue.

FUTURE SCOPE:

• Remote control of robot.

• Camera and Video transmission can be added.

• Improve weight capacity of the robot.

CONCLUSION:

• Here we successfully developed the FIRE EXTINGUSHER Robot.

• Robot detects temperature, smoke and flame at the site where the robot exists.

• The movement of this robot vehicle is controlled by MCU as per the program.

• This robot is help full in those areas where natural calamity and bomb explosions where occurred.

• If fire is detected with the help of sensors, MCU operates the water pump mechanism through relay circuit.

THANK YOU