(mt/ag/ensc/enst 404/504 - global change) biogochemistry & climate (from ipcc wg-i, chapter 7)...

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)Biogochemistry & Climate (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 7)

Biogeochemistry & ClimateBiogeochemistry & Climate

Primary Source: Primary Source:

IPCC WG-I Chapter 7 - Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and BiogeochemistryIPCC WG-I Chapter 7 - Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry


Carbon Dioxide Carbon Dioxide (CO(CO22))

Pre-industrial: ~ 280 ppmPre-industrial: ~ 280 ppm

Sources:Sources:

1.1. Fossil fuelsFossil fuels

2.2. Cement productionCement production

3.3. DeforestationDeforestation

4.4. Biomass burningBiomass burning

75%

Sinks:Sinks:

1.1. Rock weatheringRock weathering

2.2. Plant sedimentsPlant sediments

3.3. Ocean uptakeOcean uptake

4.4. Plant growthPlant growth


Evidence for Anthropogenic?Evidence for Anthropogenic?

• Carbon IsotopesCarbon Isotopes

• OO22 depletion depletion

• Gradient Gradient between NH & between NH & SH SH hemisphereshemispheres


The Global Carbon CycleThe Global Carbon Cycle

((Black: pre-industrial “natural”Black: pre-industrial “natural” Red: 1990s anthropogenicRed: 1990s anthropogenic))


COCO22 Sources and Sinks Sources and Sinks


Ocean Carbon PumpsOcean Carbon Pumps


Ocean Sources & Sinks of COOcean Sources & Sinks of CO22


Time Time Variability Variability

of COof CO22

Sources & Sources & SinksSinks


Removal Removal Rates for Rates for

Added Added COCO22

Within 30 yr: ~ 50% Within 30 yr: ~ 50%

Within few C: ~ 80% Within few C: ~ 80%


COCO22 Emissions vs. Removal Emissions vs. Removal

Actual amountAll into atmosphere

Cooler temps?

More diffuse solar radiation?

Effect of Mt. Pinatubo?Effect of Mt. Pinatubo?


Methane (CHMethane (CH44) Sources and Sinks) Sources and Sinks


The The Reactive Reactive

GasesGases


Methane (CHMethane (CH44))

NOAA Global Monitoring Division (GMD)

Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiments (AGAGE)

Sources:Sources:

1.1. Biogenic:Biogenic:

- WetlandsWetlands

- RiceRice

- Biomass burningBiomass burning

- RuminantsRuminants

2.2. Fossil fuel mining Fossil fuel mining and distributionand distribution

3.3. Living vegetation?Living vegetation?

Mt. Pinatubo?

Economic Incentives?

Warm 1998?

Average Lifetime: ~ 8 yr.

70+%


Aerosol Aerosol EffectsEffects

Scientific understanding Scientific understanding is low (or less)is low (or less)


Net Radiation (at TOA): Present - Pre-industrialNet Radiation (at TOA): Present - Pre-industrial

- 4- 4

00


Precipitation: Present - Pre-industrialPrecipitation: Present - Pre-industrial


Remove Aerosols?Remove Aerosols?

Constant GHG

Aerosol = 0

Constant GHG

Constant Aerosol


ENDEND

Biogeochemistry & ClimateBiogeochemistry & Climate

(mt/ag/ensc/enst 404/504 - global change) biogochemistry & climate (from ipcc wg-i, chapter 7)...

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