(mt/ag/ensc/enst 404/504 - global change) observed oceans & sea level (from ipcc wg-i, chapter...

(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change)(Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)Observed Oceans & Sea Level (from IPCC WG-I, Chapter 5)

Observed Changes in Observed Changes in Oceanic Climate and Sea LevelOceanic Climate and Sea Level

Primary Source: Primary Source:

IPCC WG-I Chapter 5 - Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea LevelIPCC WG-I Chapter 5 - Observations: Oceanic Climate Change and Sea Level


Ocean Temperature ObservationsOcean Temperature Observations

Observations per 1˚ boxObservations per 1˚ box

• red: > 20red: > 20

• green: 2-5green: 2-5

• blue: 1blue: 1


Tide Gauge DistributionTide Gauge Distribution

(for sea level)(for sea level)


Ocean Heat ContentOcean Heat Content

(upper 700 m)

(upper 750 m)

PDO reversal?


Trends in Ocean Heat ContentTrends in Ocean Heat Content

(1955-2003)

Red: > 0.25 W mRed: > 0.25 W m-2-2

Blue: < - 0.25 W mBlue: < - 0.25 W m-2-2


Trends in Zonal Average TemperatureTrends in Zonal Average Temperature

(1955-2003)(1955-2003)Red: > 0.025 ˚C/10-yr Blue: < - 0.025 ˚C/10-yrRed: > 0.025 ˚C/10-yr Blue: < - 0.025 ˚C/10-yr


Energy Content Changes in the Climate SystemEnergy Content Changes in the Climate System

2003 - 19612003 - 19612003 - 19932003 - 1993


Changes in Surface Oceanic Dissolved COChanges in Surface Oceanic Dissolved CO22

StationsStations

• European European Station for Station for Time-series in Time-series in the Oceanthe Ocean

• Hawaii Ocean Hawaii Ocean Time-SeriesTime-Series

• Bermuda Bermuda Atlantic Time-Atlantic Time-series Studyseries Study


Ocean Anthropogenic CarbonOcean Anthropogenic Carbon


Annual Average Global Sea LevelAnnual Average Global Sea Level

Red: Reconstructed sea-level fields

Blue: Coastal tide gauges

Black: Satellite altimetry


Geographic Geographic Trends in Mean Trends in Mean

Sea LevelSea Level(2003 - 1993)(2003 - 1993)

Satellite AltimetrySatellite Altimetry

Thermal ExpansionThermal Expansion


Contributions to Global Sea-Level ChangeContributions to Global Sea-Level Change

Blue: 1961-2003Brown: 1993-2003


Schematic of Observed ChangesSchematic of Observed Changes


ENDEND

Observed Changes in Observed Changes in Oceanic Climate and Sea LevelOceanic Climate and Sea Level

(mt/ag/ensc/enst 404/504 - global change) observed oceans & sea level (from ipcc wg-i, chapter...

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