mdgs provincial status report 2010 philippines marinduque

1Philippines Fourth Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals using CBMS Data - Province of Province of Marinduque

Province of MARINDUQUE

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs)Using CBMS Data

Province of Marinduque

2Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Marinduque

The province of Marinduque was chosen as one of the pilot provinces un-der the “Strengthening the Government Capacity for Poverty Assessment, Plan Formulation and Monitoring”, a technical grant assistance under the World Bank-Asia Europe Meeting (WB-ASEM) Program in 2004. This led to our implementation of the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) in 2005. Learning of its importance, then Governor Jose Antonio N. Carrion ordered for the implementation of the second round of the CBMS. With the full support and assistance of the six Local Government Units (LGUs), the Sanggunian Panlalawigan authorizing the Local Chief Executive to enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with the PEP-CBMS and the RDC -MI-MAROPA thru the National Economic and Development Authority, and the allocation of funds for its implementation, the CBMS 2008 survey was imple-mented and completed. This was followed by another technical collaboration with the PEP-CBMS for the “Preparation of a Provincial MDG Report Using CBMS Data”. This has paved the way for the preparation of the first-ever Provincial Millennium Development Goal Report for the province of Marin-duque using the 2005 CBMS survey results as baseline data.

This undertaking will now serve as the province’s planning and monitoring tool which most planners and policymakers need and which will guide us in tracking down the achievements of the province in addressing the MDG challenge. We hope that through this report, our development plans and programs will be responsive to the real needs of the populace in particular and of the province in general. We firmly believe that localizing the MDGs will assist us in giving flesh and blood to our vision for the province of Marinduque.

Foreword


The Provincial Government of Marinduque, through the Provincial Planning & Development Office, headed by Engr. Alexander D. Palmero with the CBMS Focal Person and Project Development Officer IV, Ms. Marian M. Cunanan, would like to extend their heartfelt gratitude to the following agencies and staffs for the technical support and assistance provided for the completion of the Provincial MDG Report of Marinduque:

To all the Municipal Mayors and their respective Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators (MPDCs) and CBMS Point Persons: Mayor Mey-nardo B. Solomon of Boac with MPDC Luna Eulogio Manrique; Mayor Ofelia S. Madrigal of Buenavista with MPDC Ranel Castillo; Mayor Victoria Lao-Lim with MPDC Arturo M. Salva, Jr.; Mayor Senen Livelo, Jr. of Mogpog with MPDC Roberto del Prado; Mayor Ruben F. Revilla of Sta.Cruz with MPDC Tina Palomares; and, Mayor Gil R. Briones with MPDC Eugene Cruzado.

To all members of the Sanggunian Panlalawigan (SP) headed by its presid-ing officer, Hon, Tomas N. Pizarro, for the legislative support and assistance, particularly for the passing of an SP Resolution authorizing the Provincial Gov-ernor to enter into a Memorandum of Agreement with the CBMS Network Co-ordinating Team, for the preparation of the Provincial MDG Report and for the appropriation of funds for the implementation of the 2008 CBMS. Our special thanks to Board Member Leticia Monte, the Chairman of the Committee on Appropriation, for sponsoring the approval of funds to be used for the CBMS and for being very supportive during the CBMS Barangay Data Validation;

To the 218 Barangay Captains and their respective local councils and mem-bers of the CBMS TWG composed of Barangay Health Workers, Barangay Nutrition Scholars, and Day Care Teachers, among others;

Our sincerest thanks to the Poverty and Economic Policy (PEP)-CBMS Net-work Coordinating Team headed by its team leader and PEP Director, Dr. Celia M. Reyes. For the untiring technical support, the knowledge and skills imparted to us, we would like to say “thank you so much” to all the staff of the CBMS Network Coordinating Team. Our special thanks to Ms. Erica Sioson, our mentor, for patiently reviewing our draft report and giving suggestions for us to produce a better, if not the best, MDG report.

Acknowledgments


Acknowledgments

To the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) thru Ms. Corazon Urquico for considering our province as one of the technical assistance grantees in the preparation of the first-ever Provincial MDG Report for Marinduque we also take this opportunity to thank you for the waterworks projects in Torrijos and Gasan and for one livelihood project in Buenavista which helped improve the situation in the recipient barangays;

To the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) and the National Economic and Development Authority - Social Development Staff (NEDA – SDS) for the use of the national data as one of our references during the preparation of this report;

Thank you to NEDA–MIMAROPA headed by Director Oskar D. Balbastro for the techni-cal assistance extended to the Provincial Government of Marinduque during the conduct of training for the 2008 CBMS, especially to Mr. Bernie Atienza and Mr. Jimson Solatre.

We extend our gratitude to the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) Celtral Office headed by Director Manuel Q. Gotis for the technical assistance in the successful implementation of the 2005 CBMS and for endorsing Marinduque as one of the recipients of the WB-ASEM Technical Grant Assistance for the “Strengthening the Government Capacity for Poverty Assessment, Plan Formulation and Monitoring” that led to the implementation of the 2005 CBMS.

Our sincere gratitude to Governor Carmencita O. Reyes for her determination to imple-ment the CBMS in 2005;

To the members of the Local Poverty Reduction Action Team and the CBMS-Technical Working Group (TWG) composed of the Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office headed by Mrs. Julpha M. Arevalo; the Provincial Nutrition Action Office headed by Mrs. Robie M. Sosa; Dr. Honesto M. Marquez of the Provincial Health Office; the National Statistics Office headed by Mrs. Leny Rioflorido; the Department of Educa-tion-Division Office headed by Ms. Veneranda Atienza; the Provincial Agriculture Office headed by Mrs. Luz D. Pedernal; the Provincial Engineering Office headed by Engr. Rodil Leal; and, Mr. Rogelio Castilla, Provincial Director of DILG;


Acknowledgments

Special thanks to Gen. Recaredo A. Sarmiento II, our planning consultant, Dr. Edgardo Marquez of the Provincial Health Office (PHO); Mrs. Rosely Mayores of Department of Education (DepEd): Ms. Erlinda Paez and Ms. Susan Bonode of the Provincial Agriculture Office; Ms. Leny Zoleta of Philippine Social Welfare and Development Office (PSWDO); Mr. Eli Obligacion, Tourism Consultant; Mr. Jim Manoos and Ms. Rizaly Lim of Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO) Mogpog; Mrs. Wilma Jinang of NSO; Ms. Mel Villaruel of the DILG MIMAROPA

To the Provincial Planning and Development Office (PPDO) Technical Staffs who are part of the CBMS and MDG team like Mr. Rolando S. Josue, Statistician III and Mr. Rich-ard B. Calub, Admin. Aide IV and CBMS in charge of processing and poverty mapping, to Engr. Christine Maano and Engr. Arlyn Jarabe for the assistance in data research; and, to Mrs. Cleofe Aguirre, Planning Officer IV, and Mr. Arnel Morales for helping us identify funds to be used for the project;

To our loving family from whom we draw strength and inspiration, thank you very much.

And to God Almighty for all the blessings we received each day and for keeping us safe and healthy during the times this document was being prepared.

MARIAN M. CUNANAN CBMS Focal Person

ALEXANDER D. PALMERO PPDC


Message

The preparation of provincial MDGs reports is a critical step that Local Govern-ment Units (LGUs) have taken in the overall effort to localize the MDGs. As it is often said, the MDGs will be ‘won or lost’ at the local level given the conditions of uneven progress and disparities across regions and provinces in the country.

Beyond the national averages, one can see wide disparities on the gains in poverty reduction, universal education, child mortality and maternal health. This situation reinforces the notion that the progress of each province is just as important as the achievements of the country as a whole. After all, the Philippines’ progress towards the MDGs, is the sum of the efforts and gains of all LGUs.

By preparing provincial reports, LGUs are provided vital information on the status of the MDGs in their areas of infl uence. These reports are important

sources of information for planning, resource allocation and priority setting that LGUs are tasked under their mandate of effective local governance. Likewise, in the course of the preparation of the reports, the capacity of LGUs to collect, monitor and use data for decision making has been greatly enhanced. The reports also show how far the Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) that UNDP has supported can go in terms of its use.

Against the backdrop of renewed optimism emanating from the new political leadership, this fi rst set of nine Provincial Reports on the MDGs is a timely and important milestone. The reports provide crucial insights on how to overcome the constraints in achieving the MDGs locally as the country gears towards the last stretch to attain the eight goals by 2015. They also emphasize the important role of active collaboration of political leaders, stakeholders, and donors in achieving the MDGs.

I wish to commend the nine Provincial Governments that prepared their reports – the Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Marinduque, Romblon, Sa-rangani, and Siquijor Province – the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) Network and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) for working together in bringing about this important accomplishment.

With this initiative, it is hoped that other provinces will follow suit to attain nationwide support for the need to accelerate the pace of the achievement of the MDGs by 2015.

Dr. Jacqueline BadcockUN Resident Coordinator and

UNDP Resident Representative

s by 2015.

Dr Jacqueline Badcock


Republic of the PhilippinesPROVINCE OF MARINDUQUE

B o a cOFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

Marinduque is indeed proud to be a CBMS implementer and fortu-nate enough to be one of the very few provinces that are recipients of the technical assistance from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the preparation of the first ever Provincial MDG Progress Report. Back to back with CBMS, localizing and tracking down the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) becomes easier for monitoring. This tool broadens our social awareness and participation in the attainment of the MDGs. Admittedly, we are continuously facing the challenge that is becoming enormous each time we view the poverty data generated out of the CBMS. We have taken considerable strides in trying to address the poverty situation in the province. The success of the MDGs is not only a national concern, but a global issue to address. The national agenda is our local agenda to complement and support. Our meager resources, though, is a hindering factor. Its success now depends on its efficient and effective implementation that can only be accomplished through the un-wavering political will and cooperation from among the local leaders and policy makers.

Let me take this opportunity to extend our deepest gratitude to those that have been instrumental in the successful implementation of this project.

Thank you to the World Bank for having considered Marinduque as one of the recipients of the WB-ASEM Technical Grant Assistance in 2005, likewise to the DILG for endorsing Marinduque to the grant assistance and for the technical assistance, as well. And thank you to the CBMS Network Coordinating Team headed by Dr. Celia M. Reyes, for the untiring support and assistance. Your technical expertise bring forth the knowledge and awareness of the poverty situation in every community and locality that are covered by the system.

Message


To the six (6) Municipal Mayors and to the 218 Barangay Development Councils headed by the Barangay Captains who have been very supportive in almost all undertakings of the Provincial Government specifically in the implementation of CBMS, my sincere thanks to each and everyone. To the Sanggunian Panlalawigan, without your legislative support, this would not have materialized. Since the implementation of the CBMS requires collabora-tive efforts, technical know-how and devotion, may I commend the Provincial Planning and Development Office and the six (6) LGUs thru their respective Municipal Planning & Development Coordinators for making Marinduque as a province with complete CBMS data for 2005 and 2008.

We are one in this effort. Its success and failure will greatly depend on a strong leadership and collaborative partnership from among its stakehold-ers. Guided with the CBMS as a tool for planning and monitoring, we are committed to contribute to achieving the Millennium Development Goals. I consider this as the jump–off point in delivering to my provincemates a legacy of a concrete, effective and functional development planning stronghold im-bibed with a determined political will to distinguish and elevate Marinduque as a model province.

Thank You and Mabuhay!

CARMENCITA O. REYES Governor

Message


Table of Contents

Foreword ........................................................................................................

Acknowledgments .............................................................................................

Messages UN Resident Coordinator Dr. Jacqueline Badcock ...............................

Marinduque Governor Carmencita O. Reyes ..........................................

Table of Contents .................................................................................................List of Tables .......................................................................................................List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................List of Figures ......................................................................................................

Executive Summary ......................................................................................

Part 1. Provincial Profile 1. History ........................................................................................

2. Geo-physical Environment ............................................................. 3. Population and Social Environment ................................................ 4. Local Economy ............................................................................. 5. Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities ....................................................... 6. Local Institutional Capability ..........................................................

Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Goal 1 - Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger ...................................................

Goal 2 - Achieve Universal Primary Education .......................................................

Goal 3 - Promote Gender Equality ....................................................................... Goal 4 - Reduce Child Mortality ..........................................................................

2

3

6

7

9111316

18

232425303132

33

47

57

63


Goal 5 - Improve Maternal Health ................................................................ Goal 6 - Combat HIV / AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases ................................

Goal 7 - Ensure Environmental Sustainability ..................................................

Goal 8 - Develop a Global Partnership for Development .................................

Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge

Financing the MDGs .........................................................................

Conclusion and Recommendations .............................................

Explanatory Text ...................................................................................

Table of Contents

69

75

78

85

88

93

96


Table 1 Summary of findings of MDG indicators, Province of Marinduque, 2005Table 2 Status of land classificationTable 3 Land area in hectares, number of barangays, income class, rural/urban, per municipality, province of MarinduqueTable 4 Population and annual Population growth rate of Marinduque, per municipality May 1, 2000 & August 1, 2007Table 5 Land area in hectares, 2007 population and average growth rate (2000-2007) per province, MIMAROPATable 6 Land area in hectares, 2005 population, population density male/female, urban/rural, per municipality, province of MarinduqueTable 7 Vital health statistics, average past three years (2005–2007), rate per 1,000 populationTable 8 Morbidity, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)Table 9 Mortality, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)Table 10 Infant mortality, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)Table 11 Maternal mortality, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)Table 12 Number of hospital, bed capacity, population 2003 -2009 and bed population ratioTable 13 Number of medical personnel assigned/detailed in DDRMH, SCDH and TMHTable 14 Enrolment in the public schools by districts and by level of education, SY 2005-2006Table 15 Number of schools by level of education (SY 2005-2006)Table 16 Number of public school teachers by municipality, SY 2005-2006Table 17 Proportion of population living below poverty threshold in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityTable 18 Proportion of population living below the food threshold in Marinduque in 2005, per municipalityTable 19 Poverty gap ratio Marinduque in 2005, by municipality, CBMS 2005Table 20 Employment rate in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityTable 21 Proportion of population who experienced food shortage in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality Table 22 Nutritional status, 0-83 months in MIMAROPA Region in 2002, by provinceTable 23 Prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityTable 24 Proportion of children 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary school in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityTable 25 Primary net enrolment ratio in MIMAROPA Region in SYs 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008, by provinceTable 26 Primary completion rate, per province, MIMAROPA, SYs 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007,2007-2008Table 27 Proportion of population aged 13-16 years old enrolled in secondary school, per municipality, province of MarinduqueTable 28 Secondary net enrolment ratio, per province, MIMAROPA Region, SYs 2004-2005, 2005-2006, 2006-2007 and 2007-2008

List of Tables


Table 29 Children 6-16 years old enrolled in secondary school, per municipality, province of MarinduqueTable 30 Simple literacy of household population 10 years old and over in the MIMAROPA Region, by sex and by provinceTable 31 Basic literacy of household population 10 years and over in the MIMAROPA Region in 2000, by provinceTable 32 Literacy rate in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityTable 33 Ratio of girls to boys in primary education, per municipality, Marinduque, CBMS Survey 2005Table 34 Ratio of girls to boys in secondary education, per municipality, MarinduqueTable 35 Ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education, per municipality, Marinduque, CBMS Survey 2005Table 36 Ratio of literate females to males, 15-24 years old, per municipality, Marinduque, CBMS Survey 2005Table 37 Literacy of household population 10 years old and over by sex and by Province, MIMAROPA 2000Table 38 Proportion of seats held by women in Marinduque, in 2005Table 39 Infant mortality rate, by province in MIMAROPA Region, 2004 to 2006Table 40 Number of live births by sex and by province in MIMAROPA Region, 2004-2006Table 41 Proportion of children aged 0 to less than 1 year old, per municipality, Marinduque, 2005Table 42 Proportion of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old who died, per municipality, Marinduque, 2005Table 43 Proportion of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old who died, by municipality, in Marinduque in 2005Table 44 Fully immunized children, by province in MIMAROPA Region, 2001 to 2006Table 45 Proportion of women who died due to pregnancy-related causes, per municipality, Marinduque, 2005Table 46 Proportion of couples who are using contraceptives, per municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 47 Proportion of couples using condom among those who are practicing contraception, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 48 Incidence of tuberculosis, by municipality, Marinduque, in 2005Table 49 Proportion of population with access to safe drinking water, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 50 Proportion of population with access to sanitary toilet facility, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 51 Proportion of population who are living in makeshift housing, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 52 Proportion of population who are informal settlers, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 53 Proportion of households living in inadequate living conditions by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 54 Proportion of households with cellphones, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Table 55 Proportion of households with computers, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005 Table 56 20% Development fund allocation, CYs 2005 to 2009, Provincial Government of MarinduqueTable 57 National Government functions devolved to LGUs under Section 17 of the Local Government Code of 1991 Table 58 The CBMS-MDG indicators and their definitionTable 59 Poverty and food thresholds

List of Tables


AHMP Accelerated Hunger Mitigation ProgramAICS Aids to Individual in Crisis SituationALS Alternative Learning SystemAPGR Annual Population Growth RateAPIS Annual Poverty Indicator Survey:BEMONC Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn CareBHS Barangay Health StationBHW Barangay Health WorkerBFAD Bureau of Food and DrugsBFAR Bureau of Fishery and Aquatic ResourcesBLGF Bureau of Local Government and FinanceBNS Barangay Nutrition ScholarCALABARZON Calamba-Laguna-Batangas-Rizal-QuezonCBATEP Community-Based Agri-Tourism and EcoPark ProjectCBFMA Community Based Fishery Management AssociationCBMS Community-based Monitoring SystemCDF Community Development FundCEMONC Central Emergency Obstetric and Newborn CareCOMELEC Commission on ElectionCSAP Core Shelter Assistance programDBP Development Bank of the PhilippinesDDRMH Dr. Damian Reyes Memorial Hospital DENR Department of Environment and Natural ResourcesDEPED Department of EducationDILG Department of Interior and Local GovernmentDOF Department of FinanceDOST Department of Science and Technology DSWD Department of Social Welfare and DevelopmenteNGAS electronic New Government Accounting SystemESTI Educational System for Technology InstituteFIES Family Income and ExpenditureFLEMMS Functional Literacy, Educational and Mass Media SurveyGAD Gender and DevelopmentGAWWA Gasan WomenÊs Welfare AssociationGIS Geographical and Information System

List of Acronyms


HH HouseholdHRMO Human Resource and Management OfficeHSRP/HSRA Health System Reform Program/Health System Reform AgendaIEC Information and Education CampaignILHZ Inter Local Health ZoneIRA Internal Revenue AllotmentIRAP Integrated Rural Accessibility ProgramISF Integrated Social ForestryKALAHI-CIDSS Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social ServicesLCPC Local Council for the Protection of ChildrenLGPMS Local Governance Performance Management SystemLGU Local Government UnitLFPR Labor Force Participation RateMARELCO Marinduque Electric CooperativeMESA, INC Marinduque Education and Stakeholders Alliance, Inc.MDG Millennium Development GoalMIMAROPA Mindoro Oriental-Mindoro Occidental-Marinduque-Romblon-PalawanMOA Memorandum of AgreementMPDC Municipal Planning and Development CoordinatorMSC Marinduque State CollegeNAPOCOR National Power CorporationNEDA National Economic and Development AuthorityNEDA-SDS National Economic and Development Authority-Social Development StaffNFA National Food AuthorityNGAs National Government AgenciesNGO Non-Government OrganizationNSCB National Statistical Coordination BoardNSO National Statistics OfficeNMA Norwegian Mission AllianceNRT National Revenue TaxOFW Overseas Filipino WorkerOPT Operation Timbang\4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino ProgramPDC Provincial Development CouncilPDIP Provincial Development and Investment PlanPDPFP Provincial Development and Physical Framework PlanPEP-CBMS Poverty Economic Policy-Community Based Monitoring System

List of Acronyms


PESO Provincial Employment Services OfficePGM Provincial Government of MarinduquePHO Provincial Health OfficePIPH Provincewide Investment Plan for HealthPIPH Provincewide Investment Plan for HealthPMT Proxy Mean TestingPNB Philippine National BankPNP Philippines National PolicePOs Peoples OrganizationsP/P/A Programs/Projects/ActivitiesPPDO Provincial Planning and Development OfficePSWDO Provincial Social Welfare and Development OfficePTB Pulmonary TuberculosisPWD Persons with DisabilitySCDH Sta,.Cruz District HospitalSDAH Social Development Approach for HealthSEF Special Education FundSLGR State of Local Governance ReportSME Small and Medium EnterpriseSPED Special EducationTB-DOTS Tuberculosis-Directly Observed Treatment Short CourseTELERAD TeleradiologyTESDA Technical Education and Skills Development AgencyTLDC Technology and Livelihood Development CenterTMH Torrijos Municipal HospitalUNDP United Nations Development ProgrammeWB-ASEM World Bank-Asia Europe MeetingWHO World Health Organization

List of Acronyms


List of Figures

Figure 1 Map showing location of MarinduqueFigure 2 Map of MarinduqueFigure 3 Population distribution and density by municipalityFigure 4 Land area in hectares and 2007 population per province, MIMAROPAFigure 5 Map showing proportion of population living below poverty threshold in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 6 Map showing proportion of population living below food threshold in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality Figure 7 Map showing poverty gap ratio in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 8 Map showing employment rate in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 9 Map showing proportion of population who experienced food shortage in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 10 Map showing prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 11 Map showing proportion of children aged 6-12 years old who are enrolled in elementary school in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 12 Map showing the proportion of children aged 13-16 years old who are enrolled in secondary schoolFigure 13 Map showing the proportion of children aged 6-16 years old who are in schoolFigure 14 Map showing literacy rate of those aged 15-24 years old in Marinduque in 2005, by municipalityFigure 15 Map showing ratio of girls to boys in primary education, per municipality, Marinduque, CBMS Survey 2005Figure 16 Map showing ratio of girls to boys in secondary education, per municipality, MarinduqueFigure 17 Map showing ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education, per municipality, MarinduqueFigure 18 Map showing ratio of literate females to males, 15-24 years old, per municipality, MarinduqueFigure 19 Map showing proportion of seats held by women, by municipality, in Marinduque in 2005Figure 20 Map showing proportion of children aged 0 to less than 1 year old who died, per municipality, Marinduque, 2005Figure 21 Map showing proportion of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old who died, per municipality, Marinduque, 2005Figure 22 Map showing proportion of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old who died, by municipality, i n Marinduque in 2005Figure 23 Map showing proportion of women who died due to pregnancy-related causesFigure 24 Map showing proportion of couples who are using contraceptives, per municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 25 Map showing proportion of couples using condom among those who are practicing contraception, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 26 Map showing the incidence of tuberculosis, by municipality, Marinduque, in 2005Figure 27 Map showing proportion of household/population with access to safe drinking water, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005


List of Figures

Figure 28 Map showing proportion of households/population with access to sanitary toilet facility, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 29 Map showing proportion of population who are living in makeshift housing, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 30 Map showing proportion of households/population who are informal settlers, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 31 Map showing proportion of population living in inadequate living conditions by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 32 Map showing proportion of the households with cellphones, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 33 Map showing proportion of households with computers, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005Figure 34 CBMS Coverage in the Philippines (as of May 12, 2010)


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The first Provincial Millennium Develop-ment Goals (MDGs) Report of Marinduque does not only aim to assess the progress of the province in terms of achieving the MDGs but also to increase the people’s awareness of the local situation and pres-ent some recommendations to policymak-ers in their formulation of strategies that would help achieve the MDGs by 2015.

This report utilizes the 2005 CBMS sur-vey data of Marinduque, some provincial government data, resources from national

government agencies and the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey.

The results suggest that while the MDGs are not difficult to achieve, certain mea-sures, however, have to be undertaken in order to reach them by 2015. Based on the report, there are good news and not-so-good news.

Below is a summary of findings of the MDG targets based on the results of the CBMS survey in 2005.

Table 1. Summary of findings of MDG indicators, Province of Marinduque, 2005


Good news• Based on the preliminary results of the

2008 CBMS survey in Marinduque, the pro-portion of households below the poverty threshold decreased from 62.7 percent in 2005 to around 48 percent in 2008.

• There was a signifi cant increase in the em-ployment rate in 2008 that confi rms the decline in the proportion of household population living below the poverty threshold. Based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS sur-

vey, the employment rate stood at around 97 percent, which is much higher than the 2005 rate of 85.8 percent.

• Based on the 2005 CBMS survey, Marin-duque had a literacy rate of 98.0 percent for the population aged 15-24 years old; this is higher compared to the national literacy rate of 96.6 percent in 2003.

• While only 25.5 percent of the total elected local offi cials were women (this is one half of the 2015 MDG target of 50.0 percent), this

Table 1. (Continued)


fi gure nonetheless is higher than the national level of 20.2 percent.

• Marinduque has been declared a Ma-laria-free province since 2005 by the World Health Organization (WHO).

• The proportion of households who have access to safe drinking water have slightly increased from 85.4 percent in 2005 to around 87 percent based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey despite an increase in household population.

• In terms of access to sanitary toilet facil-ity, 78.3 percent had access in 2005. This increased to around 79 percent based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey. Noteworthy to highlight here is the fact that during this period, 91.8 percent of the households in the urban areas already have access to sanitary toilet, surpassing the MDG target for 2015 of attaining an 83.8 percent proportion of the urban popu-lation with access to improved sanitation.

• In 2005, 3.8 percent of households were living in makeshift housing; this slightly went

down to around 3 percent based on the pre-liminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey.

Not-so-good news• There was an increase in the prevalence

of malnourished children under fi ve years old from 8 percent in 2005 to around 9 percent in 2008.

• In 2008, the proportion of children aged 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary school went down to around 85 percent. In the same vein, the proportion of children aged 13-16 years old in school went down from 82.5 percent in 2005 to approximately 77 percent in 2008.

• Although there was a high literacy rate among the population aged 15 to 24 year old, females, however, were still lagging behind in terms of literacy rate.

• Only 25.5 percent of the total seats oc-cupied by elected local officials were held by women, r

• Preliminary results from the CBMS sur-vey in 2008 show that there was an increase



in the proportion of women who died due to pregnancy-related causes.

• High incidence of tuberculosis was found in urban areas.

• There is a low proportion of households which have access to computers.

Posing great challenges• Although the proportion of households

living below the poverty threshold decreased as shown by the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey, this is nevertheless still high and measures should thus be taken to lower the incidence of poverty.

• Data showed that most of the poor population are found in the rural areas where ironically, livelihood opportunities abound like upland farming, vegetable production and animal raising. Due to the issue of land ownership and tenancy, rural poor families, particularly the informal settlers, are deprived of the opportunity to utilize the land where they reside.

• Enrolment rate at the elementary level is in a decelerating trend for both the regional and national levels. This should therefore be addressed to meet the targets of the MDG by 2015.

• In terms of maternal and child health, pre-maturity and broncho-pneumonia are among the leading causes of infant mortality in the past fi ve years (2003-2007) based on the re-cord of the provincial government. Programs that would address these health concerns should be launched.

Financing the MDGsThe Provincial Government of Marinduque,

the six municipalities and the 218 barangays in the province are highly dependent on the annual Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) share. One of the components of this IRA

share is the 20 percent Development Fund which is used for development projects. Even those devolved basic services and facilities by the National Government are being appropriated through the IRA. The 20 percent Development Fund of the province is being used to implement and fi nance lo-cal programs and projects for the province, from the barangays to the municipalities. Similarly, the barangays and municipalities also source funds from the 20 percent Devel-opment Fund for their various local develop-ment programs and projects as approved by the Local Development Council and ratifi ed by either the Sanggunian Bayan or Sang-gunian Barangay, as the case maybe.

The CBMS and the MDGs shall form part of the province’s Annual Investment Plan and Annual Development Plan which in turn are portions of the approved 5- or 10-year Local Development and Investment Plan. This will ensure that meager resources being used will be utilized judiciously.

For a province highly dependent on the IRA share, the provincial government will look into outsourcing, networking and partnership as the best alternatives or options to fi nance and implement development programs and projects.

Recommendations

Eradicate extreme poverty and hungerIn a world where high technology dominates

the job market, the province must develop a globally competitive workforce. There are available media which will allow information dissemination to be brought in on a wider scale and can reach out to the countryside like local cable television and radio stations. The academe like the Educational System


Technological Institute (ESTI) and the Marin-duque State College, with technical expertise in information technology, continue to provide and develop graduates equipped with IT knowledge and expertise.

Achieve universal educationPartnerships with non-government organiza-

tions (NGOs) and private sector groups like the 57-75 Reverse the Education Crisis consor-tium and the MESA should be strengthened so that their assistance in addressing the basic needs of the education sector in the province may be solicited.

The Alternative Learning System must also be a continuing program to ensure that no one is left illiterate in the province.

Promote health reforms The Provincial Nutrition Offi ce must work

closely with the provincial health offi ce to ad-dress the malnutrition problem in the province, for young and old alike. The condition of a large number of malnourished children cannot be resolved simply by a supplementary feed-

ing program which is considered temporary relief because it merely depends on the avail-able local funds. To sustain such program, the LGUs should work in partnership with NGOs like the Social Action Commission (SAC) and the Norwegian Mission Alliance (NMA), among others.

The hospital facilities should be improved so that indigent patients need not go to other hospitals in cities like Lucena City, Manila and Quezon City for their diagnosis/treat-ment. The PIPH must be fully implemented and must serve not only as a planning docu-ment but also as a monitoring tool to track down the performance/accomplishment of the hospital and health services.

Improve access to water and sanitation facilitiesConstruction of water works projects such

as the provision of jetmatic pumps, shallow wells, and deep wells, among others, will not address the lack of or non- access to safe water if there is a depleting water source. Reforestation or watershed rehabilitation must therefore be taken seriously.


1. Brief History of Marinduque

The first inhabitants of Marinduque were Malay natives. They established trade rela-tions with the Chinese as early as the Sung Dynasty as evidenced by the artifacts and shards still found in caves that abound the island.

Marinduque is thought to have been under the administrative influence -- if not control -- of the Bonbon (Batangas) settlement founded by Datus Dumangsil and Balkasusa, members of the ten-datu expedition from Borneo.

While the original name of the island was Malandik, the Spaniards called it Mare Unduque, finding it hard to pronounce the Malay word, meaning sea everywhere. The name Malandik was thought to have pertained to the sloping terrain and served as reference to Mt. Malindig and Balagbag mountain range at the southern end and central part of the island, respectively.

In 1571, the first Spanish Governor Miguel Lopez de Legaspi assigned the encomienda of Marinduque to a certain Fr. Pedro de Herrera, the first Agustinian

father who introduced Christianity to the native islanders.

Marinduque was made into a sub-cor-rigimiento in 1590, under the jurisdiction of Mindoro, when the two islands were detached from the administrative control of Bonbon (later Balayan), Batangas. In 1671, Mariduque was made into a province, later a sub-province again, until the Philippine Revolution of 1899.

During the Filipino-American War, a major victory of Filipino soldiers in Marin-duque known as the Battle of Pulang Lupa on September 13, 1900 took place. Later on May 1, 1901, the United States (US)-Philippine Commission passed Act No. 125 which created and established the Province of Marinduque. The provincial government set up its capital at the municipality of Boac.

A year later, by virtue of Act No. 423 dated June 23, 1902, the US-Philippine Commission annexed the island of Mind-oro, including the island of Lubang (then separated from the Province of Cavite), to the Province of Marinduque. Boac re-mained as the capital of the consolidated provinces. Four months after, on November

Part 1. Provincial Profile


10, by virtue of Act No. 499, Marinduque was made a part of Tayabas (now Quezon). Later, on May 17, 1907, under Act No. 1649, the Commission made Marinduque a sub-province of Tayabas. And finally, on Febru-ary 21, 1920, Act No. 2880, as sponsored by then Representative Ricardo Paras, sepa-rated the sub-province of Marinduque from Tayabas and re-established it as the Prov-ince of Marinduque. Said law was signed by American Governor Francis Burton Harrison.

1. Geo-Physical Environment

LocationThe province of Marinduque extends about

137 nautical miles from Manila between Bondoc Peninsula at the eastern portion of Luzon and Oriental Mindoro. It is bounded in the north by Tayabas Bay, northeast by Mongpong Pass, and southeast by Tayabas Strait and Sibuyan at the south, and about 29 nautical miles from Balanacan Port to Lucena City and 30 nautical miles from Gasan Port to Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro.

Marinduque l ies in the Sibuyan Sea, somewhat blocking the North Verde Island Passage going to San Bernardino Strait (be-tween Sorsogon and Samar, opening into the Pacific Ocean), and a little north of the Verde Island Passage going to Sulu Sea and Visayan Sea.

TopographyIn general, Marinduque island presents

a largely undulated hilly and mountainous topography, except in some coastal areas.

The highest peak of the island is Mount Malindig which is located in the southern tip of the island, with an elevation of 1,157 meters. In the center of the island, the moun-

Figure 1. Map showing location of Marinduque

Figure 2. Map of Marinduque


tain range from 600 to 800 meters run parallel from NW-WE

ClimateMarinduque is categorized with a

Type IV climate, which means that rainfall is more or less evenly distrib uted throughout the year and there is no clear boundary between dry and wet seasons.

Soil ClassificationMore that 50 percent of the total land area

is classified as Alienable and Disposable and the rest is forest or timberland.

2. Population and Social Environment

Political Subdivision, Land Area and ClassificationThe province is a lone congressional dis-

trict and composed of six municipalities, namely, Boac, the capital town; Buenavista; Gasan; Mogpog; Torrijos; and Sta. Cruz. There is a total of 218 barangays in the prov-ince. The total land area is 95,925 hectares, with Sta.Cruz having the biggest land area, followed by Torrijos and Boac (Table 3).

Population Distribution Per MunicipalityRecords from the National Statistics Of-

fice of Marinduque disclosed that the total

Figure 3. Population distribution and density by municipality

estimated population of Marinduque as of August 1, 2007 was 229,636 persons. This number represents an increase of 12,244 persons from the May 1, 2000 figure of 217,392 persons. With the province’s an-nual population growth rate (APGR) of 0.79, Marinduque’s population is expected to double in 46 years.

Figure 3 shows that Mogpog is the most densely populated municipality with 380 per-

Table 3. Land area in hectares, number of barangays, income class, rural/urban, per municipality, province of Marinduque

Source: PPDO - Marinduque


Table 4. Population and annual population growth rate of

Marinduque, per municipality May 1, 2000 & August 1, 2007

Table 5. Land area in hectares, 2007 population and average growth

rate (2000-2007) per province, MIMAROPA

sons/sq km, followed by Gasan with 283 persons/sq km. Despite its small land area, Buenavista is the third most populated municipality.

In terms of land area, Marin-duque is the smallest among the five provinces in the MIMAROPA region, followed by Romblon. The largest land area is Palawan.

Sex Ratio - in 2000, the male pop-ulation outnumbered their female counterpart with a sex ratio of 102 males per 100 females,

Dependency Ratio – for every 10 economically active population, there were eight dependent per-sons, with 39 percent dependent in the age range of 0 to 14 and 5.3 percent among those aged 65 years old and above, as against 55.8 percent of the population aged 15-54 years old who represent the economically active population.

Dialect - majority of the popula-tion are Tagalog and about 97 per-cent of the total population speak the Tagalong dialect. The rest of the population are a mix of Bikolano, Ilokano, Ilonggo, Bisaya, Pangala-tok or Pangasinense, and others.

In 2005, based on the CBMS sur-vey, Marinduque’s population was 203,699 with the average house-hold size of 4.5. There are more males than females in 2005 and 84 percent of the total population were in the rural areas.

Figure 4. Land area in hectares and 2007 population per province, MIMAROPA


Table 7. Vital health statistics, average past three years (2005–2007), rate per 1,000 population

Table 8. Morbidity, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)

Table 9. Mortality, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)

Vital Health StatisticsCrude B i r th Ra te in

2008 showed an increase from the average rate in the past 3 years, from 20.65 to 21.67, which is equivalent to 278 number of births per 1,000 popu-la t ion . Crude Death Rate likewise increased from the average rate in the past 3 years from 6.38 to 6.90 in 2008, the equivalent of 139 deaths per 1 ,000 popula t ion (Table 7).

Heart and lung-related illnesses were among the leading causes of morbid-ity and mortality in 2008 and in the past 5 years (Tables 8 and 9).

There was a decrease in infant mortality rate in the past 3 years – from 19.66 to 16.44 in 2008 which is equiva-lent to 10 infant deaths per 1 ,000 l i ve b i r ths . Prematurity was one of

Table 6. Land area in hectares, 2005 population, population density male/female, urban/rural, per municipality, province of Marinduque

Source of Data: PHO – Marinduque/NEDA - IVB


the leading causes of infant mortality and the other diseases are precursor of prematurity. It is also alarming to note that diarrhea was also a leading cause of infant mortality during the reference period (Table 10).

In 2008, the Provincial Health Office’s data showed that there were 5 deaths re-lated to pregnancy, as compared to an average of 3 deaths in the past 3 years.

Health FacilitiesFor the past 7 years, the Provincial Gov-

ernment has maintained and operated 3 government hospitals: the Provincial Hos-pital or Dr. Damian Reyes Memorial Hos-pital (DDRMH) in Boac, the town proper; the Sta.Cruz District Hospital (SCDH) in

Sta.Cruz; and the Torrijos Municipal Hos-pital (TMH). All municipalities maintain and operate their respective Rural Health Stations while the 218 barangays in the province have Barangay Health Stations being maintained by Barangay Health Workers and the Barangay Officials.

Based on the Hospital Statistical Re-ports for 2007 and 2008, DDRMH as a 100-bed capacity hospital had a bed oc-cupancy rate of 48 percent and 51.4 per-cent, respectively, for each year. SCDH as a 25-bed capacity had 64.84 percent and 52.77 percent, respectively, during the same reference period. Meanwhile, as a 10-bed capacity hospital, TMH had a 30 percent occupancy rate for both 2007 and 2008.



Table 11. Maternal mortality, leading causes, number and rate/100,000 population, five years average (2003-2007)


Table 12 shows the distribution of the gov-ernment hospitals and Bed-Population Ratio based on the 2000-2007 statistics for the three hospitals in the province.

Of note is the fact that as the population increases, the bed capacity of each hospital facility does not increase.

The Roster of the Provincial Health Offi ce in 2008 showed that there were 137 medical/health offi cers and staffs in the Provincial Government: 82 in Dr. Damian Reyes Memorial Hospital in Boac; 34 in Sta.Cruz District Hospital ; and 21 in Torrijos Mu-nicipal Hospital, broken down as follows:

To complement the health manpower of the Provincial Government, there were six (6) Municipal Health Officers, 12 Public Health Nurses, 10 Rural Sanitary Inspectors, 4 Medical Technologists, 36 Rural Health Midwives and 5 Dentists. There were also 1,192 active BHWs, 334 BNSes, 309 Traditional Birth Attendants and 96 trained Filipino Health Masseurs.

NutritionIn 2004, Operation Timbang by the Provincial

Nutrition Office recorded a total of 5,260 mal-nourished children, 388 of whom were Below Normal Very Low from among the 29,623 pre-schoolers. Using the same data, the number of pre-schoolers and malnourished children went

down in 2005, with 289 Be-low Normal Very Low out of the 4,474 malnourished children. Total pre-school-ers in 2005 was 28,063. According to the CBMS survey, the total number of underweight children was 1,876 in 2005.

Education

A total of 58,585 pupils and students were enrolled in public schools during SY 2005-2006 with an increase of 240 or 0.40 percent higher than the previous year’s enrolment of 58,825. In private schools, there were only 6,544 pupils and students enrolled, an in-crease of 1,142 or 2.63 percent over the pre-vious year’s enrolment of 5,402 (Table 14).

For the 180 public elementary schools in the 9 school districts, there were 1,427 public school teachers for the 37,845 pupils while there were 512 pubic secondary school teach-ers in the 44 public secondary schools for the 16,713 students.

Source: PHO-Marinduque/ NEDA IVB

Table 13. Number of medical personnel assigned/ detailed in DDRMH, SCDH and TMH


3. Local Economy

Commerce and TradeThe Department of Trade and Industry

(DTI) Provincial Office recorded a total in-vestment of PhP 97.98 million in 2008, which is 13.33 percent lower than the PhP 111.042 million investment in 2007.

Based on the records of the Total Business Name Registration, the number of business names approved registered an increase of 22.63 percent, from 813 in 2007 to 997 in 2008.

A large percentage of these establishments belongs to the wholesaling and retailing category, majority of which are single es-

Table 14. Enrolment in the public schools by districts and by level of education, SY 2005-2006

tablishments. There are no multi-national companies operating in the province. Ma-jority of the establishments employ only one to four personnel.

Source: Department of Education

Table 14. Number of public school teachers by municipality, SY 2005-2006


Agriculture Agriculture is the main economic activity of the

province and remains to be the biggest sector-employer, providing 48 percent employment. About 58 percent or 53,587.05 hectares of the total land area of 95,925 hectares are devoted to crops. Coconut is the primary crop of Marin-duque. Out of 53,587.5 hectares of cropland, 66.06 percent are planted to coconut. However, a sudden decrease in coconut production due to typhoons Reming and Frank has been noted.

In terms of rice production, Marinduque re-flected a deficit in rice supply in 2008 based on the report of the Provincial Agriculture Office of Marinduque. Of the total rice area (irrigated and rainfed) covering 8,235.32 hectares, only 29,762.28 metric tons were produced, a large volume of which came from the municipality of Sta.Cruz with 13,141.50 MT while the least har-vest came from Buenavista with only 546.39 MT. The total irrigated rice area is 3,359.19 hectares while 4,714.13 hectares are rainfed areas. Most of the rice areas in Buenavista are rainfed.

Next to coconut as a major crop of the province is banana, which occupies 4,741.00 hectares. This is followed by corn with 800.00 hectares. Among the 6 municipalities, Boac is considered as the major producer of banana, followed by Sta.Cruz.

Other crops grown and produced in the province are mango, rootcrops like cassava, camote and arrowroot, and a variety of vegetables. As a re-cipient of the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) Forest Project, Marinduque will soon be a major producer of high-value fruit trees like pom-elo, rambutan, lanzones, mangosteen and durian.

Fish ProductionThe average fi sh catch/production per year, ac-

cording to the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)-Provincial Offi ce, is 8,203.41 MT

wherein 6,963 MT are produced from the munici-pal fi shing grounds and the rest from aquaculture and mariculture grounds. Sta.Cruz is the major source of fi sh production, followed by Mogpog and Torrijos. Fish abound in the 235,299 hect-ares of coastal waters. There are also 709.58 developed fi shpond areas producing bangus and prawn, and a few inland waters.

Eco TourismThere are around 30 to 35 hotels/resorts, a

few lodging houses and homestays to accom-modate tourists/visitors to the province. Belar-oca Hotel Spa and Resort, a 6-star hotel-resort is located in the municipality of Buenavista. Local tourist sites and attractions like caves, waterfalls, beaches, diving sites and historical landmarks can also be found in the province.

Marinduque is also rich in local festivals, cul-ture and traditions.

4. Infrastructure

Road SystemInter-local linkages in the province consist

of national roads, provincial roads, a private road of the Marcopper Mining Corp., baran-gay roads and farm-to-market roads There is only one major road network in the province served by the 120 kilometers circumferential road (national/arterial) and runs mostly along the coastal lines. Almost 98 percent of the road network may be considered as all-weather road and nearly 100 percent are well-paved.

Seaport and AirportsExternal traffic between Marinduque and

mainland Luzon and neighboring island prov-inces is done by sea and air routes.

There are three national ports: Balanacan Port in Mogpog; Cawit Port in Boac; and Buyabod


Port in Sta.Cruz. RO/RO vessels and fast crafts ply between Marinduque and Lucena City in Quezon Province. There are also daily trips by pump boats from Gasan to Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro and Gen-eral Luna in Quezon, carrying around 30 to 50 passengers.

Power SupplyThe National Power Corporation (NAPO-

COR) supplies the power requirements of the province which is being managed by a cooperative, the MARELCO. The province is 98 percent energized, with an average load of 2583 KW. The maximum demand is 6300 KW with a load factor of 97 percent.

Water SystemThe major existing water supply system

in the province is the Level III water system – both gravity and pump systems being managed by the municipal governments. Domestic water is generally taken from springs and wells. There is no registered Water District operating in the province.

TelecommunicationThe province has postal, telephone, tele-

graph/telex, telefax, mobile phone and freight services. The Philippine Postal Cor-poration, PLDT/PILTEL, DIGITEL, SMART, GLOBE and SUN Networks service the province’s requirement for telecommuni-cations.

Banking and Financial InstitutionsThe Philippine National Bank (PNB),

Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP), CARD Bank and rural banks provide the banking services in the province. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) are readily available at PNB and LBP.

5. Institutional Capability

Human ResourceFor calendar year 2005, the Provincial Govern-

ment of Marinduque had a workforce of 1,010, based on the records of the Human Resource and Management Offi ce (HRMO). Of this number, 683 are permanent employees; 4 are co-terminus; 13, elective offi cials; 436, casual employees; and 1 temporary. In 2004, there were only 921 mem-bers of the workforce in the province.

Financial ResourcesThe province is highly dependent on its annual

Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) share.

In 2006, the province’s IRA was PhP 244,292,411.45, including the PhP 19, 276, 436.00 additional IRA and the PhP 16,200, 033.45 monetization. In 2007, the IRA share was PhP 247,670,755.00 which exceeded the estimate by more than PhP 32.3M. This went up to PhP 288,061,490.12 which again exceeded the estimate by more than PhP40.3M, including the PhP 11,576,652.12 IRA monetization for CYs 2001 and 2004.

The province was able to generate PhP 19,373,577.78 in terms of real property tax, basic tax and SEF in 2006, an increase from the 2005 revenue of PhP 15,489,520.38, as a result of extensive collection campaign. However, due to the condonation of penalties and a 20 percent deduction for advance payments, the real property tax collection went down to PhP 16,118,063.66 in 2007 and then to as low as PhP 15, 180,938.89 in 2008.

Nonetheless, the total income of the province in the General Fund increased from 2005 to 2009.

Aside from the General Fund and Special Education Fund, Trust Fund is also considered as an additional source of income.


3333Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data PPrroovviinnccee ooff MMaarriinndduuqquuee

Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium

Development Goals

poverty threshold stood at 68.3 percent, which is equivalent to 139,349 population, and the proportion of the total number of households living below the poverty threshold was 62.7 percent, which is equivalent to 28,324 house-holds. Based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey, there was a signifi cant decline in the proportion of households (or population) below poverty threshold (47.91

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and HungerTarget 1.A : Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day.

A. Status and Trends

Proportion of Population Below Poverty ThresholdThe 2005 CBMS survey shows that the

proportion of population living below the


%). The programs and projects that were implemented at the local level have resulted in a reduction in the level of poverty in the province.

Of the 68.3 percent of the population living below the poverty threshold, 66.4 percent are found in the rural areas and 43.0 percent are considered urban poor. Many of the rural poor do not own the land/lot where they reside and that limits them to conduct agricultural activities such as crop or vegetable production only for self-consumption. There were more males than females who are living below the poverty threshold based on the 2005 CBMS survey.

Among the 6 municipalities, Buenavista had the highest proportion - at 79.6 percent - of population living below the poverty threshold in 2005, which is equivalent to 15,554 persons. In the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey, the same municipality again tops the list of municipalities in the province in terms of having the highest proportion of popula-tion below the poverty threshold. This, despite the various programs and projects that were implemented in the municipality. According to the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator (MPDC) of Buenavista, there are a number of transient poor in the municipal-ity. As a neighbor to Romblon, it is a favorite migration area of the “Bantuins of Bantuanos” who have already established their family in

the municipality. They travel through the seas between Banton, Romblon and Buenavista, particularly in Barangays Libas, Yook and Lipata (the poorest barangays in the mu-nicipality of Buenavista). However, it is worth mentioning that Buenavista has been elevated from a 5th class municipality to 4th class since 2009 (DOF Order No. 20-05), which only means that there was an increase in its IRA. The Census of Population conducted by the National Statistics Offi ce (NSO) in 2007 reveals that there was an increase in its popu-lation, which is a manifestation of an improved living condition in the municipality. To become a fourth class municipality, the average annual income must be PhP 20 million or more but less than PhP 30 million (DOF-BLGF Memo. Circular No. 01-M(41)-05). The preliminary results from the 2008 CBMS survey confi rm that there was a reduction in the proportion of household population living below the poverty threshold in Buenavista.

Torrijos has the second highest proportion, at 72.0 percent, of the population living below the poverty threshold in 2005. Among the 6 municipalities, however, Torrijos is the one that has notably reduced its proportion of household population living below the poverty threshold, from 69.2 percent in 2005 to around 53 percent based on the 2008 CBMS pre-liminary results. Torrijos is projected to expand its urban settlement based on the Provincial Physical Framework Plan (PPFP) 1993-2002


because of the increasing trend in population and the developing economic activity.

Proportion of Population Living Below the Food Threshold

In 2000, the food threshold in Marinduque was PhP 8, 525.00. For a family of fi ve, a monthly income of PhP 3,552.00 or PhP23.68 per day per family member was therefore needed to meet the minimum food requirements. In 2004, the food threshold was PhP 9,049.00, representing an increase of Php 524.00 or 6.1 percent from the 2000 food threshold (Source: Philippine Poverty Statistics, NSCB).

Using the 2004 food threshold for Marin-duque, the 2005 CBMS data showed that 56.1 percent (114,327) of the total popu-lation live below the food threshold, 52.3 percent of whom are in the rural areas and 31 percent are found in the urban areas. Furthermore, there are more males (56.9%) than females (55.3%) who are living below the food threshold.

At the national level, data from the NSCB indicate that in 2003 and 2006, the proportion of population living below the food threshold was 13.5 percent and 14.6 percent, respectively.

Buenavista had the highest proportion of population living below the food threshold

at 73.4 percent (14,446). As the smallest mu-nicipality with only 7,860 hectares, Buenavista offers very limited livelihood opportunities for its people who are highly dependent on fi sh-ing. Small fi shermen do not have a regular fi sh catch that could afford their family needs. Even if the sea between Buenavista and Ban-ton, Romblon is a rich fi shing ground, rough seas and gusty winds caused by southwest monsoon affect the fi sh catch. This is further aggravated by the fi shermen’s lack of sophis-ticated fi shing paraphernalia whose costs are beyond the reach of the poor fishing families. Upland farming is also one of the

Figure 5. Map showing proportion of population living below poverty threshold in Marinduque

in 2005, by municipality

Source: CBMS Survey, 2005


main sources of livelihood in the municipality but a large area of Buenavista is timberland or forest protected areas (2,400 hectares), which means that these areas are limited to

agricultural production. Bellaroca Resort and Spa, located in Buenavista, is providing an additional source of revenue for the LGU as well as livelihood and employment opportuni-ties for the local community.

There was also a reduction in the proportion of household population living below the food threshold in Buenavista, from 49.4 percent in 2005 to around 34 percent based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey. Of the six municipalities, only Gasan refl ected a negative growth in 2008. According to the MPDC of Gasan, this can be attributed to an increase in population, particularly in the rural areas where there are limited opportunities for poor families to look for additional source of income.

Buenavista has shown a signifi cant increase in the proportion of households living below poverty threshold. The municipality of Sta. Cruz also showed an accelerated growth in 2008. In 2005, the proportion of households living below the food threshold in Sta. Cruz stood at 46.5 percent but this dropped to around 26 percent in the preliminary 2008 CBMS survey results.

Poverty GapGiven the above, a Marinduqueño who

falls within the category of below the pov-erty threshold must strive to meet his income

Figure 6. Map showing proportion of population living below food threshold in Marinduque

in 2005, by municipality


Figure 7. Map showing poverty gap ratio in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality

Source: CBMS Survey 2005


shortfall or poverty gap of 0.3. As a coping mechanism, some members of the family, even at a very young age, resort to paid services or “pagpapaupa” like water fetching, house cleaning, laundry work and the like. Target 1.B: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Employment RateIn 2003, the NSO revealed that Marinduque

had 134,000 labor force population and a labor force participation rate (LFPR) of 73.7 percent. Employment rate stood at 91.6 per-cent and unemployment rate at 8.4 percent. Beyond this survey, the NSO has no regional

or provincial disaggregated data for 2004 for Marinduque.

Based on the 2005 CBMS survey, out of the total labor force, employment rate stood at 85.8 percent which is equivalent to 57,965. There is not much gender disparity in the employment sector, with both the male and female populations being part of the active labor force and are employed. They live either in the rural or urban areas.

Employment rate in Marinduque signifi -cantly increased from 2005 to 2008. Among the six municipalities, Mogpog has the most notable contribution to the province’s employment in 2008 based on the pre-

Figure 8. Map showing employment rate in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality

*There were 2 missing values under this particular indicator and were not accounted to determine the total number of population in the labor force.



liminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey. The increase in the number of commercial establishments, presence of the credit institu-tion that provides loan assistance to small and medium enterprises (SMEs), and the livelihood and entrepreneurial programs provided by the local government have given local employment.

Target 1.C: Halve between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger.

Proportion of Population who Experienced Food Shortage

In 2005, 4.1 percent (8,396) of the popula-tion experienced food shortage. Most of them were found in the rural areas. More males (4.3%) experienced food shortage than the females (4.0 %).

The 2005 CBMS survey showed that Buenavista had 10.1 percent of its population who are experiencing food shortage, which is equivalent to 1,023 population. Gasan, however, had the most number of population (1,265) who are experiencing food shortage at 8.0 percent.

As a coping mechanism, poor families tend to grab the immediate help available in the locality like the “5-6” credit scheme offered by usurers or plead for support from relatives

which most often than not are denied. Some members of the family decide to work abroad as OFWs. In order to survive, they opt to sac-rifi ce being away from their loved ones. The 2005 CBMS survey showed that there were 2,761 OFWs in the province. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino ng Pangulo (4Ps), once implemented in the province, will help aug-ment the needs of the poor households only the results of the Poverty Mean Test (PMT) by the DWSD Region IVB are being awaited. In the conduct of the PMT in 2009 in the province, the agency used the CBMS as their prelimi-nary source of data which were confi rmed /validated at the Barangay level.

In the 2008 CBMS preliminary results, the proportion of households who are experienc-ing food shortage was around 5 percent, an increase by one percent from the 2005 results. Meanwhile, the Social Weather Stations Survey on Household Hunger Incidence of Decem-ber 2008 indicates that 23.7 percent of the total household population were experiencing hunger poverty – the proportion of households reporting that they had experienced hunger in the last 3 months without having anything to eat. The municipalities of Boac, Buenavista and Gasan were mostly responsible for the increase in the proportion of household popu-lation who are experiencing food shortage.


Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 years of Age

Records of the Provincial Nutrition Offi ce (PNO) showed that 17.81 percent of the total pre-school children (29,523) in 2004 fall in these two nutrition statuses: below normal very low and below normal low. These are equiva-lent to 5,260 malnourished children. There was a recorded 0.74 percent or 218 above normal children which went down to 16.62 percent in 2005 based on the Operation Timbang OPT results.

In 2007, the PNO recorded a total of 3,399 children (13.01 %) who are below normal low and below normal very low out of the 26,123 total weighed pre-schoolers (0-71 months). This went up to 13.66 percent or 3,672 of the 26,866 total weighed pre-schoolers in 2008 who were recorded to have fallen in the two below normal categories..

Figure 9. Map showing proportion of population who experienced food shortage in

Marinduque in 2005, by municipality


In the 2002 data provided by the DOH, Marinduque appeared to have the highest number of severely malnourished children despite being the smallest province. There were 651 severely malnourished children 0-83 months in Marinduque recorded in 2002.


Based on the 2005 CBMS survey, the preva-lence of underweight children under 5 years of age was 8.0 percent, which is equivalent to 1,876 children. Most of them were female (8.3 %). These malnourished children were mostly found in the rural areas.

The prevalence of malnourished children 0-5 years old slightly increased from the 2005 record of 8 percent to almost 9 percent in 2008 based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS.

B. Current Policies and Strategies, Programs and Projects

1. Policies and StrategiesInasmuch as poverty refers not only to be-

ing economically unproductive but also to not having access to basic services, the policies crafted and are being crafted are directly linked to health and nutrition, education, liveli-hood and employment.

In November 2007, the Provincial Develop-ment Council (PDC) passed Resolution No. 04-2007 approving the Provincial Develop-

ment Plan for 2008-2010 which incorporates the following policies and strategies as in-dorsed by the Sectoral Committee on Social Services. The 2006 State of Local Governance Report (SLGR) was also used as basis for the formulation of the sectoral plan.

Social Services Sectoral Policies as incor-porated in the Provincial Development Plan for 2008-2010

1. Hunger Mitigation Program/Poverty Re-duction Program

2. Universal Coverage of Philhealth for the Indigent

3. Low Cost Housing 4. Establishment of Pilot Employees Village5. Enhancement of Partnership Program

in Health, Providential and Social Service among LGUs, NGOs/POs, and NGAs

6. Strengthening of Employable and Entre-preneurial Skills Development

7. Implementation/Execution of Local Code for the Protection of Children

8. Provision of adequate assistance to mar-ginalized sector/vulnerable groups to enjoy a decent way of living.

Policies and Strategies incorporated in the 2006 State of Local Governance Report (SLGR)

1. Ensure a sustainable, accessible, avail-able, affordable, preventive and promotive health care services

2. Improve health care facilities delivery system

3. Improve and strengthen food security programs.

4. Enhance/promote employment generat-ing programs

5. Rehabilitate malnourished children. 6. Improve schemes in providing assistance

to individuals and families in crisis situation

Source: CBMS 2005

Figure 10. Map showing prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age

in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality


7. Provide livelihood assistance to disadvan-taged families

8. Strengthen employment facilitation9. Strengthen/sustain microfi nancing program10. Strengthen the capability and capacity

of the informal sectors.11. Strengthen/develop a strong partnership

with the NGOs, private sector and people’s organizations.

2. Programs and Projects

Livelihood and Employment Program

Microfinancing Program Through the Haplos ni Bong Program, small

entrepreneurs province-wide were made recipients of the program, a loan assistance with no collateral and zero interest rate. The program had an initial fund of PhP400,000.00 intended for the small entrepreneurs in Boac. In 2007, 64 small entrepreneurs like fi sh ven-dors, vegetable vendors, sari-sari store op-erators and the like benefi ted from the initial fund release. In sum, there were 189 recipients who received loan assistance ranging from PhP 2,000.00 to PhP 8,000.00. All applicants were properly screened by the DTI Provincial Offi ce representatives.

Under the Haplos ni Bong Program, a Liveli-hood Assistance Program through a soft loan for the Fishing Sector called the “Fish Finder Financing to Small Scale Commercial Fishing” was also implemented for the small fi sherfolks in the province. The initial amount of PhP 600,000.00 was released for the purpose.

KALAHI Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan Program

was implemented in 2005 and formed the Pro-vincial Kalahi Convergence Group (PKCG), a multi-sectoral organization focusing on pov-

erty alleviation programs like livelihood and employment programs. Marinduque was one of the benefi ciaries of the Accelerated Hunger Mitigation Program (AHMP) in 2007 whose priorities include food security and nutrition.

Productivity Skills and Livelihood DevelopmentThe Provincial Social Welfare and Develop-

ment Offi ce (PSWDO) operates the Produc-tivity Skills and Capability Building on Sewing Craft program. Since 2005, there have been 514 women who benefi ted from this free train-ing conducted by the PSWDO. Out of its total trainees, 80 percent became self- employed and the rest were hired as workers in a pri-vately run company. Besides skills training, the women were also given modular sessions on PES, women’s health and social communica-tions skills development. There were 3 center-based trainings and 7 community-based to avoid extra transportation expenses on the part of the trainees.

Aid to Individuals in Crisis Situation (AICS) ProgramNeedy or indigent families are also be-

ing provided with financial assistance for the purchase of medicines and food, burial, laboratory fees, and others. In 2005, 1,268 families benefi ted from this program, 1,235 in 2006 and 1,387 in 2007. From mid-July of 2007 to 2009, a total of PhP1,618,322.87 was provided to 2,979 benefi ciaries.

A “Balik- Probinsya” program was also initiated where a total of 7 persons were rec-onciled/reunited with their families.

Food packs and clothing are also being provided to walk-in clients

Emergency Shelter AssistanceThe Lingap Para sa Mahihirap Program of

the PSWDO provided fi nancial assistance to


needy families. Thirty-seven distressed families were given assistance for the repair/construc-tion of damaged houses caused by either typhoon or fi re. The Program also maintains 100 core shelters.

Marinduque was one of the few provinces heavily damaged by Typhoon Reming in November 2006. There were around 39,555 families who were given fi nancial assistance reaching the amount of PhP 10,714,900.00. Another strong typhoon, Caloy, also dam-aged properties of 250 families in the mu-nicipalities of Torrijos, Gasan, Buenavista and Boac. The amount released for fi nancial assistance totaled PhP750,000.00, with each family receiving PhP3,000.00 for the repair of damaged houses. Meanwhile, a total PhP 3,752,500,.00 was released for 1,501 Typhoon Frank victims.

Core Shelter Assistance Program (CSAP)Part of the rehabilitation program being

implemented as an offshoot of the Typhoon Reming devastation was the establishment of 117 units of core houses amounting to PhP 8,190,000.00 through the Depart-ment of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The Food-for-Work program is also a continuing program by the PSWDO.

Program for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) and the Elderly (RETAINED)

Financial assistance was also given to 4,203 PWDs and 18,000 senior citizens provincewide, with a total amount of PhP 6.6M released in 2007. Twelve children were enrolled in the Special Education Program or SPED with assistance from the HILWAI International. Hulog ng Langit, an NGO based in Manila, also provided as-sistance for the families of PWDs in terms of groceries, school supplies and clothing.

Katas ng VAT para kay Lolo also ben-efi ted the 8,267 indigent senior citizens aged 70 years old and above, each receiving PhP500.00. The PWDs and the elderly are considered dependent population and need special attention, particularly for those belong-ing to poor families.

Nutrition ProgramMarinduque is a recipient of the First Crown

Award in 1998. Our Barangay Nutrition Schol-ar (BNS) was awarded the most outstanding BNS in the MIMAROPA Region in 2006 and was declared the national champion in 2008.

Supplemental Feeding ProgramWith the assistance coming from the Dio-

cese of Boac through its Pondo ng Pinoy Hapag-Asa Nutrition Program, the Marin-duque Education Stakeholders Alliance, Inc. (MESA, Inc.), the Early Childhood Care and Development Program, and the Provincial Nutrition Office (PNO), a total of 3,164 schoolchildren benefited from the supple-mental 120-day feeding program.

Various programs like the Operation Tim-bang and the Nutrition Education, Advocacy and Information Dissemination Program which were promoted through the distribution of fl iers, holding of Barangay assemblies and conduct of the Radyo Natin, were held on a continuing basis. Funds are allocated annu-ally out of the local development fund (20% Development Fund) for sustainability.

In support of the supplemental feeding program, the PNO produces Marinaya Nutrimix, pan de sal with malunggay and squash puree, and sells them in school can-teens and even in the Tindahan Natin out-lets. The Provincial Government allocates an annual budget for the project.


Accelerated Hunger Mitigation Program (AHMP)Thru the AHMP, the Food for School Pro-

gram (FSP) of DepEd in Marinduque was able to provide rice assistance to 27,754 pre elementary to Grade VI school chil-dren in the 180 public elementary schools. The program was being monitored by the School Nurses and PNO Staff.


C. Challenges

As an agricultural province, crop produc-tion and fishery are the primary sources of income of the people, particularly the rural families. The best way to guarantee an ad-equate and continuous supply of food is to focus on agriculture. There is no better way but “to put our money where the mouth is”, as the saying goes. We have to invest in our potentials and rich natural resources like the fertile soil and abundant marine and aquatic resources in order to feed the more than 60 percent households living below the poverty threshold in 2005 or approximately less than 50 percent based on the results of the 2008 CBMS survey.

It is a major challenge to consider that while agriculture is the main economic activ-ity in the province, particularly rice farming, the province nonetheless has a high rice supply deficit. While the NFA and commer-cial rice supplies may be sufficient, they, however, need to be made affordable for the poor. Thus, programs like the Tindahan ni Gloria have to be sustained. Adequate

support mechanisms must also be provided in order to improve agricultural productivity.

The LGUs, national and non-government agencies as well as the private sector must work in synergy to make things possible. The concept of the KALAHI, a convergence approach, must be strengthened from the local to the national level

What also poses a challenge is the bal-ance between the environmental protec-tion and responsible utilization of natural resources, on one hand, and economic development, on the other hand.

Marinduque is a province highly de-pendent on the IRA share. Aside from the real property taxes, there is not much tax base that would be able to generate enough income. Thus, there is always a meager level of resources to address poverty reduction programs. The Local Government must take into consider-ation the review and updating of the Local Revenue Code and the execution of the Local Investment Code.


Mobile Clinic

Th e Mobile Clinic aims to reach out to the people in the province’s remotest barangays, the Mobile Clinic program was launched in June 2008 and has since served 2,863 patients, including children who were given free medical checkups. One hundred malnourished children were given a complete course of treatment and supply of high-end multivitamins. Th e Mobile Clinic has facilities such as Xray, minor surgical operations equipment, laboratory, Electro-cardiography (ECG) and dental equipments. It also brings some hospital staff s whenever it goes to diff erent communities.


Community-Based Agri -Tourism and Eco-Park Project (CBATEP)

Barangay Yook in Buenavista, the poorest Barangay in the municipality, is a recipient of an agro-forestry and live-lihood project called the Community-Based Agri-Tourism and Eco- park Project or CBATEP. Under the program, a 178-hectare timberland area is be-ing managed by the Integrated Social Forestry (ISF) benefi ciaries through the Certifi cate of Stewardship Contract of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR). It aims to provide alternative livelihood to around 200 families not only in the said Barangay but also in nearby barangays who would be both developing and protecting the area. CBATEP is a joint project of the Provincial Government of Marinduque through the Technology and Livelihood Development Center (TLDC), the LGU Barangay Yook through its cooperative,

the LGU-Buenavista, the DENR, the Norwegian Mission Alliance, Inc. and the Gold Barrel Inc. Th e latter is the developer of the Bellaroca Resort and Spa in the municipality and hired the local folks of Buenavista, particularly those in Barangays Yook and Tungib-Lipata, as laborers and help. Th e project was initially intended for the estimated 200 workers who would be displaced once the resort will be in its full operation. Th ese local folks are dependent on upland farming and fi shing. Th e Manila Bulletin provided initial funding assistance for the project in the amount of PhP 1 Million. Among the livelihood projects that will be provided, aside from the es-tablishment of fruit tree forest, are high value crops using organic fertilizers, goat dispersal projects, livestock raising, bee keeping or bee farming, butterfl y farming, and pangassius fi sh farming. Th e project also intends to be a recreation park (Eco-park) for guests of Bellaroca Resort and Spa. Th e agricultural crops like vegetable and fruits, meat and fi sh will be marketed directly to the resort.

Marinaya Nutrimix

Marinaya Nutrimix is a project designed to address the malnutrition problem in the province. Marinaya Nutrimix passed the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) standards and was technically assisted by the Human Nutrition for Foods, Col-lege of Human Ecology at the University of the Philippines-Los Banos and the Department of Science and Technology -Food and Nutrition Research Institute (DOST_FNRI). Marinaya was derived from the words “Marinduque Kaaya-aya”. Th e nutripak is made of toasted rice, mon-go, sesame with malunggay and squash puree which became more recommendable for supplemental feeding. Eventually, the

PNO developed more nutritious foods like canton noodles, pandesal, pulvoron, instant noodles, champorado and ar-roz caldo, which are then sold to school canteens and various offi ces at very af-fordable prices. Th e proceeds serve as a revolving fund for the PNO. Farmers are encouraged to produce more squash and malunggay for sale to the PNO. Cook-ing demonstrations for the preparation of mike – lunggay are being undertaken in the barangays with the assistance of the BNSs.

The Nutrimix was approved by the Bureau of Food and Drugs and through the program, the dietary requirements of school-aged children were met.



Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary EducationTarget 2.A: Ensure that, by 2015, chil-dren everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

A. Status and Trends Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old Enrolled in Elementary Education

Based on CBMS data in 2005, out of the 39,980 children aged 6-12 years old, 90.1 per-cent are enrolled in elementary school, which is equivalent to 32,017 children. Female children outnumbered the male children population and most of these children who are enrolled were found in the urban areas. Among the 6 municipalities, Sta. Cruz had the highest proportion of children aged 6-12 enrolled in

elementary school at 94.0 percent (9,287). The lowest fi gure was registered in Buenavista at 76.2 percent, equivalent to 3,117 children. They were mostly found in the urban areas. Poverty is viewed as the main reason for the low school enrolment rate in the province, particularly in Buenavista. Because of poverty, children at an early age are forced to help in the household, especially the males; hence, there were less males enrolled in schools than females. The 2005 CBMS results show that there were 179 children who are already working at the age of 14 and below. Accessibility is also one of the problems that hamper children’s perseverance to go to school. Integrated Rural Accessibility Program (IRAP 2002) data state that it will take 1 to 2 hours of walking/traveling by foot for these children to go to and from school.


Based on preliminary results from CBMS Survey conducted in 2008, of the children aged 6-12 years old, there are around 34800 children who are attending elementary school, which is equivalent to a proportion of 85 per-cent. This shows a decelerating trend from the 2005 data of 90.1 percent.

Net enrolment rate in Marinduque based on the data by the Department of Education was in a decreasing trend from SY 2000-2001 to SY 2003-2004. Table 26 shows that there is also a decreasing trend in the whole of the MIMAROPA provinces except for Oriental Mindoro. At the national level, during SY 2004-2005 up to SY 2007-2008, the trend is also decelerating, from 87.1 to 84.8 percent. Data are sourced from htttp://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statdev/2009/Education/Chap-ter_Education.asp.

Figure 11. Map showing proportion of children aged 6-12 years old who are enrolled

in elementary school in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality

Source: CBMS 2005


But in SY 2004-2005, Marinduque has the highest primary completion rate in MIMA-ROPA next to Palawan. Cohort Survival Rate in the same school year was also low at 56.49 percent, the lowest after two consecutive school years.

The standard Teacher-Pupil ratio in the el-ementary level is 1:50. Marinduque’s public elementary school teachers in the province are more than adequate considering its teacher to pupil ratio of 1:26 in 2005-2006 and 1:28 during the SY 2006-2007 and the pupil/student instructional room ratio is also adequate 25.91 for elementary school level.

Proportion of Children 13-16 Years Old Enrolled in High School

In 2005, based on the CBMS survey, the pro-portion of children aged 13-16 years old who are enrolled in high school was 82.5 percent, which is equivalent to 14,556 children. Most of them are female (7,928 or 78.3%), with the males numbering 6,627 or just 63.2 percent. In terms of proportion, most of the enrolled children in this age bracket are in the urban areas, with 78.4 percent which is equivalent to 2,415. There were only about 20,662 children aged 13-16 years old who were covered during the survey.

The municipality of Sta.Cruz had the highest proportion of these children who are enrolled in high school at 88.8 percent (2,099), most of whom are female numbering 7,928 or 78.3 percent. The municipality of Buenavista had the least at 71.2 percent (1,228). Similarly, there were less males who are enrolled in school, whether in the elementary or second-ary level because a typical Filipino family sees the boys as the ones who are capable of help-ing the family in the farm or are usually sent to join the father to catch fi sh or even work as hard laborers in construction work.

Most of the enrolled students are in the ur-ban areas because of accessibility to schools.

Preliminary results from the CBMS survey

of 2008 show that the proportion of children aged 13-16 who are attending secondary school went down to 77.51 percent from its 2005 proportion of around 83 percent. The municipality of Buenavista still has the lowest proportion from among the other municipali-ties in the province.

Data of the DepEd Division Offi ce in Marin-duque show a decreasing trend in net enrol-ment ratio, from 87.39 percent in SY 2003-2004 to 84.73 percent in SY 2004-2005 to as low


as 80.20 percent in SY 2005-2006. From the records of NEDA IV-B, Marinduque’s Second-ary Net Enrolment Ratio in SY 2004-2005 was only 48.05 percent and went down to 46.38 in SY 2005-2006. MIMAROPA’s enrolment ratio stood at 42.84 percent in SY 2004-2005 and 46.5 percent in SY 2005-2006. The region’s en-rolment ratio though is in its accelerating trend.

At the national level, the net enrolment

rate at the secondary level was only 60.0 percent in SY 2004-2005 and went down to 58.5 percent in SY 2005-2006. These figures are, however, still higher when compared to MIMAROPA and to that of Marinduque’s ratio. The national ratio shows an accelerating trend in the second-ary level as compared to the ratio in the elementary level. (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statdev/2009/Education/Chap-ter_Education.asp)

Figure 12. Map showing the propor tion of children aged 13-16 years old who are enrolled in secondary school

Note: The number of children aged 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary and the children 13-16 years old enrolled in secondary school stood at 46, 573. This fi gure may not add

up to total due to the 3,526 missing values for grade level of members who are studying, majority of whom are in the municipality of Torrijos. The number of enrolled children

aged 6-12 and 13-16 may be larger or even less as against the result that was generated, if not for the missing values.

Source: CBMS 2005

Source: CBMS 2005


Meanwhile, the Cohort Survival Rate in Marinduque was 65.06 percent in SY 2005-2006.

The Teacher- Student ratio in the public secondary schools in SY 2005-2006 and SY 2006-2007 stood at 1:33. The standard ratio is 1:50. The student to instructional room ratio, on the other hand, is more than adequate at 37.14 percent.

Proportion of Children 6-16 years Old Enrolled in School

Of the total number of children aged 6-16 years old in 2005, there were 53,985 who were enrolled in school, giving a proportion of 89.1 percent. The proportion of enrolled female children belonging to this age bracket is higher at 91.9 percent compared to the enrolled male children at 86.4 percent. Among the 6 municipalities, Sta. Cruz again had the highest proportion of children in this age bracket who are enrolled at a record of 93.0 percent, fol-lowed by Mogpog at 90.0 percent. The lowest was in the municipality of Buenavista at 82.7 percent (5,124).

The population of children aged 6-16 years in the province in 2005 was 60,586 which represents 29.7 percent of the total population of the province.

Literacy Rate of 15-24 Years OldBased on the 1994 and 2003 FLEMMS,

the literacy rate of the population with ages 10 years old and above in the Philippines in 1994 stood at 92.3 percent. Using the same source, MIMAROPA’s simple literacy rate stood at 94.54 percent while the basic literacy rate was 89.69 percent in 2000. Among the MIMAROPA provinces, Marin-duque had a 94.5 percent simple literacy rate in 1994 and a 93.94 percent basic literacy rate in 2000 (Tables 30 and 31). In terms of simple literacy, the males (94.9%) outnumbered the females (94.1.%).

Figure 13. Map showing the proportion of children aged 6-16

years old who are in school


For children 15-24 years of age, Marinduque had a high literacy rate at 98.0 percent in 2005 based on the CBMS survey, higher compared to the national data of 96.6 in 2003. Marin-duque’s literacy rate for this age group is close to achieving the 100 percent target for 2015.

Even the poorest municipality like Buenavista with a low enrolment rate was almost at par with the national rate; Buenavista had 96.2 percent literacy rate in 2005. Boac and Mog-pog municipalities had the highest literacy rates at 98.7 percent in 2005 based on the CBMS survey. Most of the literate popula-tion are found in the urban areas (98.5 %) although literacy rate in the rural area is also high (97.9 %). Except for the municipalities of Mogpog and Gasan, the literacy rate of the female population is higher than that of the male in most municipalities. In the midst of poverty, even the poorest families in the province ensure that every member of their

Source: NSCB, The Philippine Countryside in Figures Survey 2006 Edition and Poverty

Statistics

Figure 14. Map showing literacy rate of those aged 15-24 years old in Marinduque in 2005, by municipality

Source: CBMS 2005


family is equipped with simple reading and writing skills.


Low enrolment rate, low comprehension rate, low participation rate, low achievement rate, and high drop-out rates are some of the indicators showing that the education sector in Marinduque is in a critical stage. In order to provide focus on the sector, the Marin-duque Education Stakeholders Alliance, Inc. (MESA, Inc.) was created as a result of the First Marinduque Education Alliance Summit held in August 2007. During the summit, the following issues and concerns were raised.

1. Malnutrition. Proper Nutrition is viewed as a very important component to a child’s mental and physical growth;

2. There may be an adequate teaching workforce but most are not competent. Even School Heads as Teacher-in-Charge also handle classes, thereby neglecting super-visory duties.

3. Lack of instructional materials and workbooks to attain a 1:1 ratio.

4. Some school buildings require major repairs. Recent typhoons brought damages to school buildings and facilities.

5. Parents’ attitude toward formal educa-tion. Poor families would rather have their children work with them in the farm or out at sea even at a very young age.

6. Accessibility and proximity of school from residence.

The MESA, Inc. is a tripartite organization composed of an NGO as represented by the Social Action Commission, the Depart-ment of Education and the Local (Provin-cial) Government. The 57-75 Reverse the Education Crisis proponents are behind the organization of the MESA, Inc.

1. Policies and StrategiesThe following policies/strategies were

formulated to address the education crisis in Marinduque.

1. Focus on the Comprehension, Retention and Participation Performance of the school children and all aspects related thereat.

2. Support the programs and projects of the MESA, Inc.

3. Strengthen the Early Childhood Care and Development

4. Conduct a comprehensive review of all existing laws, resolutions, ordinances, and policies, and formulate new ones that will be tantamount to improving the edu-cation sector performances, e.g., school canteen will only sell nutritious food and ban the selling of junk foods; strict imple-mentation of a No Smoking, No Drinking, No Gambling and No Illegal Drugs within school campuses and vicinities.

5. Appropriate utilization and prioritiza-tion of projects to be funded out of the Special Education Fund and strengthen the role and functionality of the School Board.

6. Supplemental Feeding Program should form part of the school regular program

7. Strengthen tie-ups and partnerships with NGOs/POs and the Civil Society per-taining to Nutrition Programs.

8. Provide livelihood programs for poor families to ensure regular attendance of their children in school.

9. Teaching personnel shall be adequate-ly equipped with knowledge and skills by undergoing a Master’s Degree and attend-ing appropriate seminars.

10. Attain a 1:1 workbook pupil ratio. 11. Establish a Reading Center in every

Barangay.12. Adopt a Child Program that will support

poor families in providing the school needs of the child.


13. Have a Moral Recovery Program for parents and teachers.

14. Preserve and instill awareness of the Filipino culture and heritage with emphasis in Marinduque’s own culture and heritage through their incorporation in the school curriculum.

15. Maintain a Scholarship Program.

2. Programs and Projects1. Organization of the Marinduque Educa-

tion Stakeholders Alliance, Inc. (MESA)2. Purchase of Computer Units for 38 Day

Centers amounting to Ph P10,614,000.00, PhP 4,499,975.00 of which was sourced by Gov. Carrion from the Countryside De-velopment Fund (CDF) of Senators Loren Legarda and Lito Lapid.

3. Donation of school shoes to 480 needy adults and children in Yook, Buenavista by Mrs. Bing Carrion Buck and Family.

4. Organization of a Pag-Asa Youth As-

sociation and its referral to the Dual Tech Training

5. Construction of PhP2 Million worth of School Building for the Marinduque Na-tional High School

6. Repair/Construction of Elementary Schools amounting to PhP 712,500.00

a. Gabaldon E/S, Sta.Cruzb. Masiga E/S, Gasanc. Balogo E/S, Sta.Cruzd. Matandang Gasan E/S, Sta.Cruze. Buangan E/S, Torrijos7. Provision of free school supplies (bags,

pencil, notebook/pad) for the 10,050 day care/pre-elementary and Grade 1 school pupils provincewide.

8. Distribution of ABC Reading Materials for Low Performing Elementary Schools by the DepEd Division Office.

9. Distribution of a Computer Package to Day Care Centers for them to be at par with other schools and to slowly introduce


the children at an early age to the benefit of computers in schools.

C. ChallengesPoverty is viewed as a primary reason why

education in Marinduque is in a critical stage despite the efforts of the national government through the Department of Education and of the local government to improve it. As the poorest municipality, Buenavista has the lowest propor-tion of enrolled children in the elementary and secondary levels although its literacy rate is high at 96.2 percent. The growing population of the province (APGR = 0.79) contributes to the decline in the quality of education. As the family size increases, the household head fi nds it diffi cult to send his/her children to school. The DepEd showed that the trends of both the completion rate and cohort-survival rate in elementary edu-cation are decreasing.

Non-government organizations (NGOs) and the private sector such as the Social Ac-tion Commission, the Norwegian Mission Al-liance, Inc., the Parents-Teachers Community Associations (PTCAs) and the proponents of the 57-75 Reverse the Education Crisis which include the Ayala Foundation and the Founda-tion for Worldwide People Power are consid-ered as strong partners of the government in addressing the education crisis in the province.

The education crisis as defi ned is a multidi-mensional concern that necessitates a multi- dimensional approach. The provincial govern-ment’s goal is to raise healthy school children who would excel in the area of comprehension and to ensure a 100 percent attendance of children in the primary education. The 21 poor-est performing districts are the pilot schools of the MESA, Inc. chosen from a total of 180 elementary schools in the province.

Improving Access to and from the SchoolsSchools that are located in remote areas are

usually neglected because of their distance from the urban areas and the children’s residences.

The proximity and accessibility of schools from the residence of the child is one of the main reasons for his/her low performance, frequent absences and poor interest to go to school. There are existing schools located in the remotest area that are not passable to any type of vehicle and/or would require them to either cross a river, climb up hills and mountains, or walk more than a kilometer before reaching the school.

High Malnutrition RateMalnutrition is caused by the inability to pro-

vide the nutritional and dietary requirement of a child because of the incapacity of the family to buy healthy and nutritious food. Needless to say, poverty is the major factor leading to malnutrition, which is also contributory to the low performance of a child in school. Liveli-hood and employment must be given more


emphasis; hence, additional resources must be allocated for the program.

Strengthening Partnerships with the Education Stake-holders and the Private Sector

The Marinduque Education Stakeholders Al-liance, Inc. must be strengthened to ensure a greater participation and involvement of the private sector and non-government organiza-tions and the agenda of the alliance must be incorporated in the executive and legislative agenda of the province. A clear policy as to how much of the local resources should be al-located for the education sector must be made.

Strengthening the Local School BoardAs a policymaking body, proper mobi-

lization and utilization of resources must be taken into account by the Board. Policies and programs which promote collaborative efforts and partnerships wi th NGOs, the pr ivate sector and among the local government units must be strengthened. The Education for All Plan for 2015 by the DepEd should be incorporated in the executive and legis-lative agenda and in the comprehensive development plans to ensure continued support.

Children of GK families are also be-ing provided with early childhood care program thru the Sibol program of the GK. Th e municipal training cen-ter (demo farm) located in Barangay Banuyo was converted as Day Care Center and an annex school for pre ele-mentary to accommodate the increasing number pre elementary school children in Barangay Banuyo and the children of GK in Barangay Pinggan. Th e school is only 100 meter away from the GK site. Th e school site was donated by the LGU of Gasan.

SIBOL- An education assistance to Day Care and Pre-Elementary School Children of GK Families



Target 3: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, prefer-ably by 2005, and in all levels of educa-tion no later than 2015.


Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary EducationIn 2005, the data generated by the CBMS

show that the ratio of girls to boys in primary education stood at 0.9 which indicates that there are more males in the primary educa-tion than females. In 2007, the ratio of girls to boys in primary education at the national level was 1.0.

In a study on Women in Science and Technology by the Science Education In-

stitute of the Department of Science and Technology, it shows that 56.6 percent in the primary education are male while 48.4 percent are female. This means that there are 94 females for every 100 males in AY 2004-2005.

Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary EducationThe CBMS data of 2005 show that the ra-

tio of girls to boys in secondary education is 1.1, indicating that there are more girls than boys in secondary education. In the proportion of children aged 13-16 years old who are enrolled in secondary education, females outnumbered the males, at 80.0 percent versus 79.2 percent. This ratio is similar to that of the national level in 2007.

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality


Figure 15. Map showing ratio of girls to boys in primary

education, per municipality, Marinduque

CBMS Survey 2005

In the same study by the Science Education Institute, it shows that there are more females (51.4 %) than males (48.6 %) in the secondary educational level, meaning that there are 106 females for every 100 males in AY 2002-2003.

Figure 16. Map showing ratio of girls to boys in secondary education,

per municipality, Marinduque

CBMS Survey 2005


CBMS Survey 2005

Figure 17. Map showing ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education,

per municipality, Marinduque

Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary EducationFor the tertiary education, there is a 1:1 ratio

of girls to boys in Marinduque, which is lower than the ratio of 1:2 at the national level. This province’s ratio further confi rms that female children population are more privileged than the males in Marinduque.

In SY 2004-2005, there were also more females than males in tertiary education, according to the study made by the Science Education Institute (54.2 % vs. 45.8 %) or 118 females for every 100 males.

Ratio of Literate Females to Males, 15-24 Years OldIn 2000, the male population 10 years old

and over who were literate outnumbered the female population in Marinduque (73.5 vs 64.86). Among the MIMAROPA province, Marinduque had the highest literacy rate in both sexes.

Results from the 2003 FLEMMS indicate that the females’ simple and functional literacy rates are higher than those of the males. The simple literacy rate among the female popu-lation stood at 94.6 percent as against the 93.2 percent of the male population while the functional literacy rate was recorded at 86.3 and 81.9 percent for females and males, re-spectively. The 2005 CBMS data, on the other

hand, showed that the literate female popula-tion is lower than that of the males with a ratio 0.9. In 2003, the national ratio is higher at 1.0 (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statdev/2009/Education/Chapter_Education.asp)

Proportion of Seats Held by Women in the Munici-pality and Provincial Levels

In politics and governance, males outnum-ber females. In the 2005 Philippine local election, 90.5 percent of those who held seats in the municipality and provincial levels were men while 9.5 percent were women (COM-ELEC).


CBMS Survey 2005

Figure 18. Map showing ratio of literate females to males, 15-24 years old, per municipality, Marinduque

In the May 2007 local elec-tions, of the 2,251 elected of-fi cials, the proportion of seats held by women was 25.5 per-cent, which is higher than the national fi gure of 20.2 percent. The elected local offi cials con-sisted of Barangay Captains, Barangay Councilors, SK Chair-men,.Mators, Vice-Mayors, Municipal Councilors and pro-vincial elected offi cials such as the Governor, Vice-Governor and Provincial Board Members. Among the 6 municipalities in the province, Mogpog had the highest proportion of women in politics at 31 percent, followed by Gasan at 30.8 percent.

At the national level, 82.6 percent (19) of the total seats in the Senate were occupied by men and 79.2 percent (190) in the House of Representatives, as of November 2007. (Source: http://www.senate.gov.ph and http://www.congress.gov.ph). These data were also used by the Science Education Institute for the Status of Filipino Women in Decision Making study.

Table 38. Proportion of seats held by women in Marinduque, in 2005

Source: Province of Marinduque



At the local level, parents send their children, mostly the males, to help out in the farm or out at sea. As they grow up, their interest in education diminishes, thereby leaving more female children in school rather than male. This reality confi rms the presence of more il-literate male population than females. It is the province’s goal to ensure equal participation and attendance between the boys and girls in school, at least from the primary to the secondary level. In one way or another, the following policies and interventions attempt to address the disparity or gap:

1. Sustained Supplemental Feeding Program and other related nutrition programs for all malnourished children.

2. Strengthening/empowering of PTCA as a strong partner in the implementation and sustainability of education programs and the Gender and Development

3. Strengthening and recognition of the Marinduque Education Stakeholders Alliance, Inc. (MESA) as an entity and partner of the local government in pursuing the education

agenda and in providing the necessary assistance thereof.

4. The implementation of the Parents-Mentoring Program.’ There are situations where the reason for a pupil’s slow learning is due to a parent’s non- interest in his/her per-formance in school. Parents themselves have no appre-ciation of the benefi ts that their children can gain from attending formal schooling .

5. Information Dissemina-tion and Advocacy. Regular

PTCA meetings are important venues for the discussion of problems concerning the devel-opment and performance of a child. Outreach programs not just for parents but also for Out-of-School Youths are to be conducted. The radio and local cable TV are important media that can reach up to the remotest barangays.

6. Sustained and strengthened Alternative Learning System (ALS).

7. Review/formulation and provision of ad-equate resources for GAD Programs.

8. Strengthening of the functions of the Local School Board.

9. Strengthening of the Local Council for the Protection of Children.

10. Sustenance of the Capitol Day Care Center catering to children of local and national government employees especially women employees, provision of substitute care for the pre-schoolers so that parents can work productively and not be worried about their children’s daily activities since the children are under the care of a Day Care Worker/Teacher hired by the Provin-cial Government.

11. Recognition of the importance of women in development. In this connection, a group of women called KALIPI (Katipunan

CBMS Survey

Figure 19. Map showing proportion of seats held by women, by municipality, in Marinduque in 2005


ng Liping Pilipina) was organized with the support of the Provincial Social Welfare and Development Office (PSWDO) which pro-vided skills training for livelihood. Women of Gawad Kalinga beneficiaries in Torrijos are provided with livelihood skills training like Buri Weaving by the DTI. The PSWDO has trained 199 women on industrial sew-ing under the Productivity Skills Capability Building Program.

12. Provision of free school supplies to more than 10,000 primary school children and distribution of more than 30 computer packages to pupils of Day Care Centers, regardless of sex.

C. ChallengesData generated must be used to review

existing laws and/or formulate local or-dinances that will address the emerging issues in gender disparity. The issue of privileges to attend and complete even primary education must be emphasized so that boys will have an equal chance to avail of educational programs.

KALIPI and other similar women’s orga-nizations must be given adequate attention and support to make them feel and realize

that the government recognizes them as government partners. Any existing GAD-related plan shall be reviewed and /or formulated.

The Alternative Learning System (ALS) of the Department of Education must be given local support, strengthened and viewed as an effective program to reduce the number of illiterate population.

The Local Code for the Protection of Children must be fully implemented and the Local Council for the Protection of Children (LCPC) must regularly meet and ensure that gender disparity among boys and girls in schools must be given consideration and support. A concrete plan must be formulated and pursued to ensure that resources are mobilized and put in place.

Generation of sex-disaggregated data must be sustained. Gender-related plans and programs at all levels will be utilizing sex-disaggregated data for planning and monitoring. The CBMS should be institu-tionalized and provided with adequate funding support to ensure regular updat-ing and data management.



Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Target 4. : Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality ratio


Infant Mortality RateThe infant mortality rate in Marinduque for

the past 3 years (2005-2007) stood at 19.66 percent or 89 per 1,000 live births, based on the records of the Provincial Health Offi ce-Marinduque (Table 39). On the other hand, according to the DOH data, there was an 11.41 percent infant mortality rate in 2004, which went up to 19.99 percent in 2006,

higher than the regional rate, making its infant mortality rate the highest among the MIMA-ROPA provinces. While the infant mortality rate is increasing, the number of live births in Marinduque has been declining. Data from the DOH show the number of live births from 2004 at 4,821increased to 4,458 in 2006. There were more male than female live births in all provinces in the MIMAROPA Region for three consecutive years. Even at the national level, the infant mortality rate dropped from 28.7/1,000 live births in 2003 to 24.9/1,000 live births in 2008 (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/statdev/2009/healthServices/Chap-ter_Health_Services.asp).


On another note, the 2005 CBMS data show that of the 4,228 children aged 0 to less than 1 year old in the province, there were 87 infants who died, most of whom are female children. Surprisingly, most of the infant deaths are found in the urban areas where health facilities, both private and public, are highly accessible.

The most number of children aged 0 to less than 1 year old are in the municipality of Sta.Cruz, followed by Boac. These are the two larg-est municipalities in the province, although the latter has the most number of barangays and population. The 2005 CBMS data reveal that Sta. Cruz has the most number of young population (1,030) while Boac only has 907 children aged 0 to less than 1 year old. There are more males than females in this age bracket. (Table 41).

Proportion of Children 0 to less Than 5 Years Old Who Died

CBMS 2005 data indicate that there is 0.6 pro-portion of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old

Source: DOH/NSCB (2007 Regional Social and Economic Trends)

Source: CBMS 2005

Figure 20. Map showing proportion of children aged 0 to less than 1 year old who died, per municipality,

Marinduque, 2005


who died. This is equivalent to 136 child deaths in 2004, majority of whom were males at 79 deaths. There were 24,093 children aged 0 to less than 5 years old per the CBMS 2005 results and there are more males at 12,252 than females at 11,841.

Based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey, around 0.5 percent of children 0 to 5 years old (or 138) who died. The majority of the child deaths under this age bracket hap-pened in the municipality of Torrijos, followed by Boac. Worth mentioning is the zero proportion in the municipality of Gasan in 2008. This is the positive result of the active maternal health care program by the LGU Gasan. Despite the lack of adequate human resources or health personnel to attend to the increasing number of population in the municipality, the needed health facilities for primary health care are being addressed.

With the approval of the Provincial Investment Plan for Health (PIPH), the birthing facilities like the Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care or BeMONC and CeMONC will be implemented and are expected to reduce, if not totally eliminate, maternal and infant death rates in all municipalities of.Marinduque.

Proportion of Children Aged 1 to less than 5 years Old who Died

Of the total child population aged 1 to less than 5 years old (19,865 as per the 2005

CBMS survey results), there were 49 children (0.2 %) who died. It can be observed that males outnumbered the females in the pro-portion of child deaths under the age brackets 0 to less than 5 years old and 1 to less than 5 years old. Most of the children who died are found in the rural areas except for infant deaths which are higher in the urban areas.

The municipalities of Gasan and Buenavista had the most number of child deaths aged 1 to less than 5 years old, both having 0.4 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively, 11 number of deaths. The least is in Mogpog with only 3 (0.1 %).

Source: CBMS Survey

Figure 21. Map showing proportion of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old who died, per municipality,

Marinduque, 2005


in 2008. Other diseases like congenital heart disease, sepsis neonatorium and asphyxia are precursor of prematurity. It is also alarming to note that diarrhea was also a leading cause of infant mortality during the reference period.

The proportion of fully immunized children went down from 85.83 percent in 2001 to as low as 5.0 percent in 2002 to 2005 (Table 44).


With the devolution of health services, it became imperative for local governments to explore innovative ways to respond to the health needs of their constituents, particular-ly by giving focus to maternal and child care health services. To do this, one innovative measure, the Inter-Local Health Zone, was organized in 1999 and reinforced/reconsti-tuted through Executive Order (EO 08-05) or “An Order Creating the Marinduque Inter-Source: CBMS 2005

Figure 22. Map showing proportion of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old who died, by municipality,

in Marinduque in 2005

Data from the PHO show that in the past 5 years (2003-2007), prematurity and broncho pneumonia have been the top among leading causes of infant mortality, with 6.06 percent in 2008, which is higher than the average of the past fi ve years (2003 to 2007) at 2.87 percent or 13 child deaths, to 29 child deaths


Local Health Zone Board, Finance Commit-tee and the 2 District Technical Management Committee Under the Marinduque Health Services Development Program”.

The fi rst Provincial Investment and Health Plan (PIHP) for 2009-2013 was formulated, giving priorities to both maternal and child care. Programs and projects identifi ed will be jointly fi nanced through a cost-sharing scheme among the Department of Health, the Provincial Government and the Municipal Governments. Included in the investment plan is the establishment of BeMONC facili-ties in all LGUs and the upgrading of the Torri-jos Municipal Hospital as a CeMONC facility. Because prematurity is one of the leading causes of infant mortality, the establishment of these facilities in each LGU will reduce child mortality in the province.

There must also be a sustained universal coverage of Philhealth through an annual appropriation of budget for the purpose.

The Local Code for the Protection of Chil-dren (LCPC) incorporates the child survival rights and also deals with children’s participa-tion, protection and development.

Supplemental feeding programs, breast-feeding programs, the Milk Code of 1986, the ASIN Law, Food Fortifi cation Program and other related nutrition and advocacy programs are all national programs but are being localized. Regular monitoring and evaluation of these government-assisted programs are being undertaken to ensure proper implementation down to the Ba-rangay level through the assistance of the BHWs and BNSes.


C. Challenges

The Local Governance Performance and Management System (LGPMS) of 2006 shows that the Provincial Government has a high rate of performance on health ser-vice, but this went down to as low as 2.00, with a slight increase to 3.77 (fair) in 2008. The overall quality of the local health sys-tem must be given a second look, an as-sessment on how the province faired and failed. The principal support system is com-ing from the Local Health Board. Both the Local Health Board and the administration representing the Provincial Government must improve the quality of primary health care or basic curative services, maternal care services and child care services.

As the data reveal, there is an increas-ing trend in the infant mortality rate. The health status of children yet to be born is being compromised due to the significant prevalence of nutritional deficiencies, maternal morbidities and other problems

associated with high risk pregnancies. Improved maternal and child heath care services and facilities must be looked into seriously by the government. Increase of prenatal visits is necessary and early re-ferral of cases will reduce maternal and infant deaths. A 100 percent coverage of the child immunization program must be assured by providing adequate re-sources. Children who are fully immunized face lesser risks in terms of morbidity and mortality.

At the same time, information dissemi-nation and awareness of the potential problems during pregnancy should be strengthened. This can be incorporated in the Child and Women’s Welfare Program by the DSWD. Maternal and child care programs should be complementary.

The approved PIHP is just one of those plans beautifully designed and well thought of by the stakeholders and hopefully will be implemented and realized.



Target 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio.


Maternal Mortality Rate

In 2004, there were 13 reported women who died due to pregnancy–related causes with a proportion of 0.3 based on the CBMS survey conducted in 2005. There were 12 out of 13 women who died and are found in the

rural areas. These happened in the munici-palities of Boac with 3 deaths, Sta.Cruz with 4, Torrijos with 3 and Gasan with 1 death. Comparatively, the proportion of women who died due to pregnancy-related causes went up in 2008, having 29 deaths or a proportion of 0.8. It is alarming to note that there was a signifi cant number of deaths in the mu-nicipality of Torrijos, having 21 in a matter of two years, more or less. At the national level, there were 162.0/100,000 live births recorded in 2006 (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/mdg/mdg_watch.asp).

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health


In 2005 to 2007, there was an average mortality rate of 0.88 percent or equivalent to 4 maternal mortality. This increased in 2008. Hemorrhagic shock during perpurium, abrup-tio placenta and placenta retention are very common leading causes of maternal deaths from 2005 to 2008. It can be noticed that there was a big gap between the data of the PHO in 2008 and of the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey. It can be presumed that there are still unrecorded women deaths that are related to pregnancy despite the presence of BHWs in every barangay.

The number of deaths in Boac is still to be subjected to Barangay validation.

Target 5.B: Achieve by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

Proportion of Couples using Contraceptive

In the 2005 CBMS survey, there were 8,973 couples or a proportion of only 25.2 percent who used contraceptive as a family planning method. Most of these couples are in the urban area.

Total fertility rate in 2000 was 3.21 percent, lower than the 1990 and 1995 rates of 3.36 percent and 3.29 percent, respectively, based on the records of the PHO-Marinduque


Figure 23. Map showing proportion of women who died due to pregnancy-related causes


Figure 24. Map showing proportion of couples who are using contraceptives, per municipality,

in Marinduque, in 2005


Total births in the province totaled 4,804 with a crude birth rate of 21.67 percent. There was an increase by 1.02 percent from 4,526 or 20.65 percent in the past 5 years. More than 50 percent of deliveries were handled by health personnel while 41 percent deliver-ies were handled by trained birth attendants. Marinduque has 309 Trained Birth Attendants provincewide and 1 Midwife (item) in the Provincial Hospital.

In 2003, Marinduque ranked 2nd highest in terms of maternal mortality rate and in 2004, the lowest among the MIMAROPA provinces, at 1.09 percent and 0.47 percent, respectively, based on the DOH data.

B. Current Policies and Strategies, Programs and Projects In line with the health sector reform pro-grams (HSRP), namely: Social Insurance, Local Health Systems, Public Health, Drug Management and Hospital Reform, the Provincial Government issued an Executive Order creating the Health Sector Reform Program TWG in 2009 that will focus on the HSRP. This paved the way to the imple-mentation and approval of the Provincial Investment Health Plan (PIHP) for 2009 to 2013.

The Health Sector Reform Agenda (HSRA) which the Department of Health (DOH) intro-

duced and implemented in 1999 is now at dif-ferent levels of implemenation. To facilitate the effective and effi cient implementation of the HSRA, the DOH, in collaboration with the Of-fi cial Development Assistance (ODA) partners and other donors supporting HSRA, shifted to a new strategy – the Sector Development Approach for Health (SDAH) – toward an in-tegrated, coordinated and harmonized HSRA implementation at the local level.

In order to accelerate the implementation of the HSRA, Fourmula 1 for the Health (F1) Programs was conceptualized integrating public health and hospital services into a single component in a devolved set-up. There were 16 provinces considered in the fi rst batch of F1 Convergence Sites. Marinduque, having 2 functional Inter-Local Health Zones (ILHZ), is now considered and included in the roll-out F1 implementation of the Provincewide Investment Plan for Health (PIPH). Thiswill result in the full implementation of the PIPH 2009-2013, particularly the establishment of the CEMOnC and BeMOC facilities.

Pregnant mothers and malnourished chil-dren are given special attention during the medical missions using the Mobile Clinic pur-chased by the Provincial Government in 2008 to deliver basic health services in the remote barangays. Since June 2008, there have been 2,863 patients availing of the health services


right in their barangays because of Mobile Clinic. With the support of the Sanggunian Panlalawigan, funds for medicines and sup-plies for the sustained operation of the mobile clinic have been obtained.

Collaboration with relevant NGOs like the Marinduque International GAWWA Founda-tion through the Municipality of Gasan and the Philippine Obstetrics and Gynecological Society for the conduct of medical missions is being streamlined.

Sta. Cruz District Hospital networks with medical specialists in Obstetrics and Gyne-cology for mothers and women needing free medical consultations scheduled every fourth week of the month.

C. Challenges

Despite the availability of medical special-ists in OB-GYNE and Pediatrics, maternal mortality and infant mortality increased in 2008 as compared with the past 5 years based on the record previously stated. Only 15 percent are facility-based deliver-ies, according to the PHO. This shows that the community still favored traditional birth attendants which led to birth delivery com-plications and death. Two deaths, however, were attributed to hospital maternal death due to blood loss. The provincial hospital is in dire need for a blood bank in order to avoid similar cases in the future.

Concerted efforts must be taken seriously by the local government such as: making acces-sible the maternal health care services espe-cially for women living in the remotest areas; strengthening of the advocacy to increase awareness on the risk of child delivery outside of hospital facilities; and ensuring universal

access to reproductive health services, includ-ing family planning.

The delivery of public health services needs to be focused to priority health targets such as the poor, the unserved and the underserved, and the high risk groups as defi ned by the PHO. The health status in these areas is wors-ened because of the multi-faceted problems of lack of health manpower in the community, cultural, religious and political issues, and widespread poverty. Social insurance to maintain medical care, especially for the poor, is still low. The universal coverage of Philhealth insurance is imperative. Unfortunately, though, resources which are short in supply, are critical to the attainment of the target.

The inaccessibility of far-fl ung areas (moun-tainous and island barangays) and the poor road conditions aggravate the problem. This makes it diffi cult for BHSs to reach these plac-es. There are 34 BHSs and 1,192 BHWs in the province. There are also 109 Traditional Birth Attendants assisting the province’s medical health personnel in delivering health services in the barangays. Crucial to reducing maternal deaths is having skilled birth attendants dur-ing delivery. It is imperative to train the 109 Traditional Birth Attendants if they will be the counterparts of the Midwives and Doctors in undertaking child deliveries.

The current status of health facilities and health providers requires upgrading of 2 Core Hospitals, the Dr. Damian Reyes Memorial and Sta. Cruz District Hospital, seven Rural Health Units and 35 BHS. It also requires provision of supplies and equipment to meet the standards for PhilHealth Accreditation, fi lling-up of required medical/paramedical personnel and upgrading of competencies and skills of the present staff.


Dr. Damian Reyes Memorial Hospital in District I and Sta. Cruz District Hospital in District II are proposed to be the Core Referral Hospitals and CEMONC Facilities.

It is also vital to continue the advocacy/promotion of national health laws and local ordinances for Milk Code and the Rooming-In and Breastfeeding Act of 1992, Salt Iodization (RA 8172) or ASIN Law.

The following areas will be considered as BEMONC Facilities: Rural Unit of Mogpog; Boac, Gasan/AA Perez; Buenavista, Torrijos Municipal Hospital, Sta. Cruz I and II and the remaining 6 BHS. The basic care services offered include Maternal and Child Care, Prevention of Communicable and Non-Com-municable Diseases, Nutrition Program, Safe Water Supply and Sanitary Toilets, Healthy Lifestyle and others.

Based on the proposed health plan, the Pro-vincial Government of Marinduque, through the Inter-local Health Zone Board, will imple-ment the following under the Health Sector Reform Program: Strengthening of the two Inter-local

Health Zone that will fully support the opera-tion of primary care facilities with a core referral hospital that will offer a wide range of preventive, curative, promotive and rehabilitation services. Upgrading of the Rural Health Unit

and BEMONC facilities to meet the standard requirements for PhilHealth accreditation. Increase of the enrollment of the poor

and indigent families in the National Health Insurance Program and provision of the neces-sary health insurance benefi ts. Provision of BEMONCs in strategic

places (RHUs, BHS, TMH) and CEMONC services in Sta. Cruz District Hospital and Damian Reyes Memorial Hospital.


In recent years, many Marinduque patients have been advised to un-dergo laboratory tests (x-rays or ultrasound) but to do this, they had to go to laboratories in nearby towns and sometimes even to Lucena or Metro Manila. Th is was due to the absence of a radiologist/sonologist practicing in the province.

Teleradiology is a technical pro-cess for the electronic transmission of radiological patient images such as x-ray and ultrasound scans from one location to another for the purpose of interpretation and/or consultation.

Th e Boac Telerad was established at the Dr. Pablo Marquez Health and Diagnostic Center in Boac, Marinduque.

Th e Boac Telerad is an image sending station first established and located at the Boac Commu-nity eCenter. It is being operated through the use of a computer with Internet (DSL) connection, Image fi lm digitizer, video capture device and a Licensed Associate in Radio-logic Technology. Th e Boac Telerad sends videos or radiological patient

Boac Telerad

images through the Internet. Th ese images or video clips are uploaded with the patient’s information to a secure server and can be accessed by authorized doctors anywhere in the world for review and diagnosis.

Th e Telerad underwent review and evaluation of radiological patient images. Since then, the Telerad of Boac has been acknowledged as best alternative for diagnosis and consul-tation medium, particularly for its constituents who cannot aff ord to travel outside of Marinduque nor pay for a medical check-up that can only be availed either in Lucena City or Manila.

During the Stand-Up Fight Pov-erty Campaign, the effectiveness and reliability of the Telerad was better confi rmed, with more than 40 pregnant women automati-cally diagnosed via ultrasound on a complimentary basis. Th e Telerad landed in the top fi ve in the Service Innovation Category of the recently concluded Government Technology Awards 2009.



Goal 6: Combat HIV/ AIDS, Malaria and Other DiseasesTarget 6.A. : Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS


Proportion of Couples Using Condom among those who are Practicing Contraception

There were 385 couples or 4.3 percent of the number of couples in the province

who are using condoms among those practic-ing contraception, 5.35 percent of whom are found in the urban areas. The use of contra-ceptive methods like condom help prevent the spread of the danger of HIV/AIDS. There is no available record at the PHO- Marinduque indicating case/s of sexually transmitted diseases.

Per record of the PHO, the total number of new


acceptors (cumulative and current users report) of FPS in 2005 was 15,640 couples which went down to 13,620 in 2007.

Target 6.C.: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Death Rates Associated with Malaria Compared to the other provinces in the

region, Marinduque is a Malaria – Free p rov ince, hence a l ready a tta in ing the goal of 0 percent malaria incidence for 2015. Continuous advocacy and preven-tive measures will constitute the provincial

health department’s regular programs to maintain its status.

Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis

Incidence of infectious diseases like Pul-monary Tuberculosis (PTB) remains to be a public health problem. According to the PHO–Marinduque, the incidence if PTB ranks number 7 among the ten leading causes of death in the province, with 44 cases and a rate of 19.85 percent in the past fi ve years (2003-2007). Only 71 percent cure rate has been recorded inspite of the implementation of DOTS and other preventive and curative pro-grams to prevent the spread of PTB. Although the incidence went down in 2008, the 44 cases could have spread fi ve times if it had not been prevented. Chronic degenerative diseases, Bronchitis, Pneumonia and Acute Respiratory Infection are all lifestyle-related diseases that can lead to PTB. CBMS 2005 data indicate that there were 81 cases of deaths or 47.0 percent associated with PTB in 2004. From the data (Table 48), it is noticeable that males had the highest incidence of PTB. This could be because PTB is normally associated with unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and heavy drinking. Sta.Cruz municipality had the most number of deaths at 26 wherein most are male and found in the rural areas. The lowest was in


Figure 25. Map showing proportion of couples using condom among those who are practicing contraception,

by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005


Mogpog with 7 deaths, followed by Gasan. At the national level, 33.0/100,000 deaths are associated with PTB.


Although there is no available record of the incidence or cases related to HIV/AIDS or any sexually transmitted diseases, the lo-cal government is continuously advocating and disseminating information regarding the Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998, and conducting seminars on responsible parenthood and orientation workshops to vulnerable groups. Mapping of establishments like bars and monitoring of its activities, particularly at night, intensifi cation of health education and prevention control, and establishment of the Social Hygenic Clinic are also being undertaken to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.

As a main strategy of the government to address the increasing number of PTB cases, the Directly Observed Treatment Short (DOTS) Course Chemotherapy is being implemented.

Orientation to treatment partners and hospital staff is also given. The TB DOTS is also being implemented among children particularly to those directly exposed to the disease. The PHO is providing medicines for the short course chemotherapy. A Provin-cial Coordinating Council on Public-Private Mix was also established as a venue to discuss and plan programs and projects relative to tuberculosis.

As mentioned earlier, despite its declaration as a malaria-free province, the PHO’s main goal is to

maintain its status. Projects and activities like con-tinuous cleaning of streams and breeding places as well as orientation on Malaria Management of cases and regular case fi nding through blood smear in malaria-prone s areas are therefore regu-larly being done.

C. ChallengesTo maintain the status of the province as a Malaria-

Free province is a big challenge for the Provincial Health Offi ce. Resources should be appropriated for continuing advocacy and IEC activities as preventive measures. Strengthening of program implementation is also vital and this will also entail resources for the upgrading of technical and managerial capabilities of the local health personnel directly involved in the program. Upgrading of capability will also mean improving the health services and facilities, e.g. provi-sion of quality drugs, and making available medical and laboratory supplies and equipment. The PIPH incorporates all these programs and local leaders and implementers should be sincere enough to implement such plans. Local ordinances that will be passed should complement with the health programs and policies. There is also the need to strengthen partnerships with NGOs, the private sector and the community in order to generate support and ensure the sustainability of the programs.


Figure 26. Map showing the incidence of tuberculosis, by municipality, Marinduque, in 2005



Target 7.C : Halve by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation


Proportion of Population with Access to Safe WaterThe Annual Poverty Indicator Survey

(APIS) indicates that in 2002, the propor-tion of families with access to safe drinking water was 91.76 percent, placing Marin-duque in the 22nd rank at the national level, an increase from 83.00 percent in 1999 and slightly lower than the 83.90 percent in 1998.

Data from the NSCB state that in 2004, the proportion of population with sustainable

access to improved water sources was 80.2 percent while the MDG target is to reach 86.5 percent by 2015.

In the 2005 CBMS data, the propor-tion of the population with access to safe water stood at 85.4 percent (174,616), with the highest proportion among the 6 municipalities recorded in Gasan at 92.2 percent (27,338) and the lowest in Mog-pog at 80.5 percent (23, 646). Difficulty in accessing sources of water, particularly for the poblacion areas of Mogpog, is the main reason why there was only 79.3 percent of the population who have access to safe water. The urban population have more access to safe water than those in the rural areas with 93.2 percent versus 84.1 percent, respectively.

Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability


In 2005, the proportion of household popu-lation with access to safe water was 85.6 percent representing the 39,324 households provincewide based on the 2005 CBMS re-sults. There was only a slight increase in the proportion of household population from 2005 to 2008 (around 87 % based on the prelimi-nary results of CBMS 2008). Except for the municipality of Mogpog where the proportion declined in 2008, the fi ve municipalities have shown improvement. Buenavista, the poorest municipality in 2005, had the highest propor-tion of households with access to safe water. The water supply projects implemented in the municipality through the Peace and Equity Foundation (PEF) and the KALAHI CIDDSS by the DSWD contributed to the increase in the proportion of households with access to safe water. PEF provided a waterworks project to Barangay Tungib-Lipata while barangays Bicas-Bicas, Yook, Bagacay, Sihi, Bagtingon, Caigangan, Brgy Uno, Malbog and Timbo were recipients of DSWD’s KALAHI-CIDDS.

The commonly used source of safe drinking water is Level III, mostly located in the urban areas. There are also households with Level III water system in the rural areas but majority are using Level II, which is the shared water supply system.

In 2004, records of the Provincial Engineer-ing Offi ce indicate that there were 1,088 Level

I water supply system units hat are functional and 475 non-functional. Most of these are shallow and deep wells. There were also 114 Level II and 101 Level III water supply system units.

Proportion of Households with Access to Sanitary Toilet

In 2002, the percentage of families with ac-cess to sanitary toilets stood at 84.2 percent as reported in the APIS (Marinduque Quickstat 2007).

On the other hand, from the total house-holds surveyed in 2005 using CBMS, there were only 78.3 percent or 35,961 households that have access to sanitary toilets wherein


Figure 27. Map showing proportion of household/population with access to safe drinking water, by

municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005


majority were in the urban areas at 91.8 per-cent. The lack of water for the maintenance of the toilet facility, the lack of proper information and awareness on sanitation and the land ownership status are among the main reasons that cropped up during the Barangay data validation on why there are still a substantial number of households that have no sanitary toilets.

In 2007, fabricated toilet bowls were dis-tributed to barangays with high proportion of households with no sanitary toilets. This particular project of the Provincial Govern-ment did not gain wide acceptance from the local folks who preferred to use porcelain toilet bowl. There are also NGOs like Marinducare, Inc. that provided porcelain bowls to their organization’s benefi ciaries. The distribution

of toilet bowls and construction of toilets with counterparts from the households is an ongoing project of the DOH through the PHO-Marinduque. The PHO-Marinduque is monitoring the recipients of the 300 units of porcelain toilet bowls. Per the Environmental Sanitation Report of 2007 by the PHO, the household population with access to sanitary toilet was 35,268 and this represents 76.72 percent of the total household population as surveyed by the PHO-Marinduque.

Among the 6 municipalities, Buenavista had the lowest proportion of household population with access to sanitary toilet, with more than half of its total population having 56.1 percent which is equivalent to only 2,287 household population. The high proportions of population with access to sanitary toilet facility were found in the urban areas of the municipalities, except for the municipality of Sta. Cruz wherein the high proportion was found in the rural areas, having 93.0 percent as against the 85.1 per-cent in the urban.

In 2004 and 2006, the proportion of urban population with access to improved sanitation was 80.2 percent and 84.7 percent, respec-tively (http://www.nscb.gov.ph/stats/mdg/mdg_watch.asp#). This is lower than that of Marinduque having 91.8 percent. MDG’s target for 2015 is only to attain 83.8 percent (MDG Watch as of October 2009). With the


Figure 28. Map showing proportion of households/population with access to sanitary toilet facility, by

municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005


2008 data, attaining 100 percent accessibil-ity to sanitary toilet in the urban areas of the province is highly attainable.

Despite the environmental sanitation pro-gram that had been implemented in the past three years, there was only a very slight im-provement in the data wherein the proportion of households with access to sanitary toilet facility increased from 78.3 percent in 2005 to around 79 percent based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey. The munici-pality of Sta.Cruz fared well in this indicator both in 2005 and 2008.

Target 7.D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

Proportion of Households Living in Makeshift Housing

NSO data indicate that there are 43,078 housing units in Marinduque. Of these, only 67.58 percent are made of strong materials, only slightly higher than the 1999 data of 59.40 percent. With the data by the NSO, Marin-duque placed 34th in the national ranking.

In 2005, CBMS data showed that there was only 3.8 percent or 1,717 household popula-tion who are living in makeshift housing, with either or both the roof and walls made of light or predominantly salvaged materials.

Most of these makeshift housing are in the rural areas and were in the municipalities of Torrijos and Buenavista. The proportion of households living in makeshift housing slightly went down in 2008 to around 3 percent based on the preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey. It can be observed that there was an improved living condition in the said mu-nicipalities in terms of Goal 1, i.e., Buenavista had a signifi cant reduction of its population living below the poverty threshold. It can be assumed that repair/improvement of houses is not a priority for poverty-stricken families; instead the priority is to ensure that “Food (is)Always in the Home (FAITH) ” for every single centavo earned.

Figure 29. Map showing proportion of population who are living in makeshift

housing, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005



Proportion of Households who are Informal SettersIn the category of families owning houses/

lots, 78.72 percent were found to fall under this category, which means that in 2002, there were about 21.0 percent of families who are considered squatters/informal settlers.

In the CBMS data in 2005, there were only 2.0 percent (908) who were considered as informal settlers from among the total house-holds surveyed using CBMS. The highest proportion of informal setters was found in Buenavista, with 4.0 households while Gasan had the highest number at 172. While most of the informal settlers were found in the rural ar-eas, the large proportion in Torrijos was found in the urban areas (4.79 %). The preliminary results of the 2008 CBMS survey indicate that there was an increase in the proportion of households who are squatters/informal settlers (2.05 percent) and the large increase was at-

2

Figure 30. Map showing proportion of households/population who are informal

settlers, by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005



tributed by the number in Gasan. The families who were residing along the coastal areas of the municipalities were the ones hardly hit by Typhoons Reming and Frank in 2006 which drove some of them to move to the interior barangays and to establish homes there even without permission of the landowners, as ex-plained by the MPDC of Gasan.

Proportion and Magnitude of Households/Popula-tion who are Living in Inadequate Living Condition

Based on all the data presented, it came out that 33.4 percent, which is equivalent to 15,342, are living in inadequate living condi-tions, most of whom are in the rural areas (36.7 %). While there are vast opportunities for quality and decent way of living like land to be tilled or cultivated, the status of land ownership limits their economic activity


Some of the programs and projects that help ensure the sustainable supply of potable water in Marinduque are the following:1. Watershed Rehabilitation covering 60 per-cent of the total land area;2. Construction of Rain Collectors in the small island barangays;3. Small Water Impounding Projects (slow sand water fi ltration);4. Spring Development;5. Ground Water Well Project (deepwell and shallow well);6. Solar Water Desalination;7. Provision of Water Supply System funded under the CBMS-UNDP Development Grant Program; and8. Provision of Jetmatic Pumps

To eliminate and reduce water contamina-tion of water resources, solid waste manage-ment programs, the Clean Air Act imple-mentation and water monitoring of rivers are continuously being undertaken provincewide.

To address the large number of households with no access to sanitary toilet, the Provincial Government of Marinduque, through the PHO and the Provincial Engineering Offi ce, distrib-uted fabricated toilet bowls provincewide (with requests from barangays), with labor and materials counterpart provided by the LGUs (municipality and barangay). However, the distribution of the fabricated toilet bowls did not receive wide acceptance in the barangays – the recipients preferred latrine bowl, which the Marinducare Foundation is giving to their target benefi ciaries. The LGUs regularly pro-vide allocation out of their local development funds to attain a 100 percent accessibility to sanitary toilets.

Figure 31. Map showing proportion of population living in inadequate living

conditions by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005



C. Challenges

Improved Water and Sanitation ProgramsOf the total land area of Marinduque, alien-

able and disposable land covers 76.8 percent while the remaining 23.2 percent of land are tim-berland or forest areas from where the sources of water are derived either for domestic or drink-ing use. The shallow well areas cover only about 10 percent of the total land area and deep well areas are the most extensive, accounting to 50 percent. About 40 percent are the diffi cult and very deep areas. Of the total rainfall every year estimated to be 2,620 million cubic meters, 40 percent escape as evapotranspiration, 50 per-cent directly go to the seas as surface runoff and only 10 percent percolate in the groundwater.

Vegetation is the most important factor in the maintenance of water resources but the kaingin farming system and /or uncontrolled logging damaged the natural sources of water. This is the main reason why Marinduque’s for-ests are considered the third most denuded in the country today. The continuous devastation of forest resources caused global warming which is being experienced everywhere and affecting the water sources.

Given the above realities, the rehabilitation of the province’s denuded forests through, for one, massive tree planting must be a priority project of the government as well as the pri-vate sector, with the community as the primary consumers of the water supply.

Improved and sustained programs on refor-estation like the Coastal Resource Manage-ment, the Naampiyas watershed areas, DBP Forest Project, Integrated Social Forestry (ISF), and Community-Based Fishery Management Association (CBFMA), among others, should be a major concern of the government.

To help address global warming, compliance with the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act (RA9003), particularly pertaining to control/regulation/conversion of open dumpsites, must be observed. Among the six municipalities, Boac is the only municipality with open dumpsites.

With the national targets of 86.5 percent ac-cess to safe water and 83.8 percent to sanitary toilet by 2015, Marinduque is contributing a lot in the attainment of the MDG targets. How-ever, Marindque aims to achieve 100 percent accessibility to safe drinking water.

Housing Program While most of the households in the

province own or possess housing units, the proportion of household population living in makeshift housing will be the focus for intervention, giving priority to households with inadequate living conditions. The Ga-wad Kalinga Foundation has provided 175 houses and established 4 Gawad Kalinga Villages in the province. In support to GK’s program of providing decent habitats to the poor families, the local government can help secure available lots for the purpose.

The core housing program by the DWSD must be sustained but must be redesigned to ensure the comfort of the recipients. The 3 x 3 size cannot accommodate a large family size. Sanitary toilet facilities must also be incorpo-rated in the design.

It is important to review the land use plan and local zoning ordinance as “preventive measure” to control the increasing trend of population in the rural and coastal areas. The CBMS data will be very useful in the preparation of the Pro-vincial Development and Physical Framework Plan (PDPFP), and the Provincial Development Investment Plan (PDIP).



Target 8.F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications


Proportion of Households with Landlines/Telephone Lines

Data from PILTEL show that there are 758 residences and 170 business establishments in the province with telephone connections in 2007. There are, however, no available data on households with telephone connections generated from the 2005 CBMS survey.

Proportion of Households/Population with Cell-phones, by Urban/Rural area

Of the total number of households in the province, there are only 3,240 households or 3.6 percent that have cellphones, with the highest proportion being in the urban areas at 51.9 percent (3,693). In terms of magni-tude, meanwhile, there were 10,946 house-holds in the rural areas with cellphones. Among the 6 municipalities, Sta.Cruz had the highest proportion of households with cellphones with 36.6 percent (4,615), fol-lowed by Mogpog with 35.4 percent (2,422). Going back to the indicators of Goal 1, particularly the proportion of population

Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development


living below poverty threshold and the proportion of population living below the food threshold, the municipality of Mogpog ranked 3rd in terms of having a high propor-tion of population living below poverty and food thresholds. This only shows that despite poverty, the households consider cellphones

as an important part of everyday living as a means of communicating with their families and relatives. Further, for some families, particularly for the young generations, cell-phones are viewed as a status symbol.

Proportion of Households with Computers

Based on the 2005 CBMS, there were only 1,715 households, representing 3.8 percent, that have computers, with the highest pro-portion found in the urban areas at 8.9 per-cent or 633 households. It is worth mention-ing that there were 1,098 rural households that also have computers. Internet cafes are now being considered as a booming busi-ness in the province, usually found inside the homes. The municipality of Boac, being the capital town and the center for business and trading, had the highest proportion of households with computers at 4.9 percent (479 households), followed by Sta. Cruz at 3.7 percent or 469 households.


Figure 32. Map showing proportion of the households with cellphones,

by municipality, in Marinduque, in 2005



Educating the province’s children on basic computer skills through the provision of com-puter packages is one strategy of the Provin-cial Government in preparing Marinduque’s children to become globally competitive where computer literacy and expertise has become a basic requirement in seeking employment. Local funds are appropriated for the procure-ment of computer hardwares and skills train-ing as educational assistance for children in elementary grades.

To fasttrack and improve government trans-actions, e.g., budget is being appropriated for the e-NGAs implementation, procure-ment and establishment of Geographical Information System (GIS) and the upgrading of computer hardwares in all departments at the provincial government.

C. Challenges

“We live in a world where ignorance is supposed to have no more room to pervade in our society given the availability of various technologies the infor-mation age has brought to us.” Gov. Jose Antonio N. Carrion in his speech delivered on the occasion of the 58th Regular Session of the 11th Sanggunian Panlalawigan.

To help out the province’s unemployed graduates who cannot compete in their chosen fields, a training program that will increase their technical know-how in the field of information technology, telemarketing, outsourcing and other similar training courses for an alternative career with current demand for employ-ment shall be developed. The Provincial Employment Services Office (PESO) and Technical Education and Skills Develop-ment Agency (TESDA) will jointly conduct training programs that will increase the chances of graduates for employment both locally and abroad. Marinduque’s schools should continue producing top-level graduates by having access to quality education. Available mediums for informa-tion dissemination like local cable channels where educational programs and shows are aired and multimedia and advertising production through the technical expertise of the Marinduque State College must be supported and sustained.


Figure 33. Map showing proportion of households with computers, by municipality,

in Marinduque, in 2005


A. Financing the MDGs

The Provincial Government of Marin-duque, the six municipalities and the 218 barangays in the province are highly de-pendent on the annual IRA share. The IRA refers to the shares of the LGUs from the national revenue taxes (NRT) equivalent to 40 percent of the total annual revenue collection of the third year preceding the current fiscal year (Section 284, RA 7160, Article 378 ©, IRR of RA 7160). Beginning FY 2007, the IRA is not only automatically released but treated as an automatic ap-propriation (Section 4, RA No. 9358, FY 2006 Supplemental Appropriations). This means that the IRA need not pass through congressional approval before it is re-leased to LGUs. This provision makes the release of IRA shares more predictable and allows LGUs to plan/program the use of their IRA fund more effectively.

Section 285 of the Local Government Code (LGC) as implemented by Article 382 (a), IRR

of RA No. 7160, provides the “codal formula” of the manner of allocation of the IRA share prescribed by Code for the four levels of LGUs as follows:

Provinces - Twenty-three percent (23%)Cities - Twenty-three percent (23%)Municipalities - Thirty-four percent (34%)Barangays - Twenty percent (20%)

Of this IRA share, 20 percent constitutes the Development Fund share of every local government unit concerned for development projects. It is a statutory item of appropriation which is provided under Section 287 of the Code that reads:

“Sec. 287. Local Development Projects – Each local government shall appropriate in its annual budget no less than twenty percent (20%) of its annual internal revenue allot-ment for development projects. Copies of the development plans of local government units shall be furnished by the Department of Interior and Local Government.”

Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge


Even those devolved basic services and fa-cilities by the National Government are being appropriated through the IRA.

The IRA share of each province and mu-nicipality is computed based on the following factors:

Population - Fifty percent (50%)Land Area - Twenty-fi ve percent (25%)Equal share - Twenty-fi ve percent (25%)

The IRA share is based on the population as computed using the population data from a census of population conducted by the NSO as per the Presidential Proclamation Order.

The IRA share based on the land area is computed using the consolidated masterlist of land areas prepared by the Land Manage-ment Bureau of the DENR every three years.

The allocation of the individual share in the case of barangays shall be Php 80,000 for each Barangay with a population of not less than 100 inhabitants. The balance to be dis-tributed shall be based on population (60%) and equal sharing (40%).

LGUs are also given common revenue–rais-ing powers over the collection of fees and user charges. Although LGUs also generate revenue from local taxation, these are only sourced from local business taxes and their share on real property taxes, unless the LGUs pass and execute local laws and ordinances in order to improve and increase tax collection.

Moreover, only if the population and the land area will increase, and only if LGUs have the capacity to increase their income to afford an equal sharing, can the IRA share increase. This goes as well with the 20 percent development

fund from where majority of the funding of devel-opment Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) are being sourced. This is true for all levels of the local government- from barangays to municipal and provincial. If the 20 percent development fund is the only source of fund to fi nance the province’s various development programs and projects, then it becomes apparent that if it is the province’s aim to become responsive to the needs of the populace and the province as per those identifi ed through the CBMS and to attain the MDGs, the possibility to achieve said targets is very low.

Offi cial Development Assistance. Outsourc-ing. Networking. Establishing partnerships with the private sector and NGOs. These are some of the strategies the LGUs can adopt in order to fund/fi nance the projects beyond their local capacity. Good governance, transpar-ency and accountability from the local leaders, public offi cials and employees -- these are characteristics that local leaders or public of-fi cials and employees must possess.

Utilization of the 20% Development FundBased on the JMC No. 1 series of 2005

dated September 20, 2005, the 20 percent of the IRA intended to fi nance the develop-ment programs and projects shall be utilized, among others, for the following:

Social SectorEstablishment of productivity enhance-

ment center for out-of-school youth, wom-en, minors, displaced families, indigenous people, differently abled persons and other persons; establishment or rehabilitation of manpower development center; construc-tion or rehabilitation of health centers, rural health unit or hospital and purchase of medical equipment; construction or re-habilitation of government–owned potable


water supply system; and preservation of cultural/historical sites.

Economic SectorImplementation of a livelihood/entrepre-

neurship development program or project; construction/rehabilitation of farm-to-market roads; and construction/rehabilitation of local roads or bridges.

Environmental SectorConstruction/rehabilitation of sanitary land-

fi ll or controlled dumpsite and purchase of garbage truck or related equipment; commu-nity reforestation or urban greening projects; fl ood control programs and projects such as de-clogging of canals or desilting or rivers; other environmental management programs and projects that promote air and water qual-ity and productivity or coastal or freshwater habitat, agricultural land and forest land.

The big slice of the 20 percent development fund under the social development sector went to health programs and projects from CY 2005 to CY 2009 based on the records of the PPDO (Annual Investment Plan 2005 to 2009). In the

LGPMS, the health services got a perfect score of 5.00 but the survey is only concerned with the functionality of the health board. Despite a large number of malnourished children even in the past years as reported by the PNO, the highest amount appropriated for the nutrition program for the past 5 years has only been Php500,000.00 (Source: AIP 2005 to 2009).

The 20 percent Development Fund of the province is being used as the province’s assistance to implement and finance local programs and projects for the province, from barangays to municipalities. Similarly, for barangays and municipalities that are truly dependent on the IRA share where the 20 percent development fund comes from, various local development programs and projects are being implemented, as approved by the Local Development Council and ratified by the concerned Sanggunian Bayan or Barangay.

As stipulated in Section 17 of the Local Gov-ernment Code of 1991, each government unit has a detailed ownership or responsibility over its respective jurisdiction.


Table 57. National Government functions devolved to LGUs under Section 17 of the Local Government Code of 1991



B. Recommendations and Conclusions

“A God-Centered, empowered, healthy citizenry, proud of their heritage and identity as globally competitive Marinduquenos; living peacefully and secured in a self-sus-taining, tourism-oriented community with a vibrant local economy under a responsive, transparent and accountable government”. – Vision for the Province of Marinduque

Advocating for the MDGs

A province with a vibrant local economy would mean a quality way of life or a decent way of living for the populace. This is what the Provincial Government aims to achieve in years to come. Addressing the minimum basic needs of its people, particularly those suffering from extreme poverty, is the most laudable goal a leader could have but the probability of achieving it is hard to mea-sure. Guided by the CBMS and the MDGs, it is hoped that providing a decent way of

living to the populace, especially those liv-ing below the poverty threshold and house-holds living in an inadequate living condi-tion, will be addressed. It is thus important to institutionalize the CBMS and the MDGs at the local level and to provide adequate funds thereof for regular updating at least every 3 years. The CBMS and the MDGs shall form part of the Annual Investment Plan and the Annual Development Plan as components of the approved 5- or 10- year Local Development and Investment Plan to ensure that the available meager resources are utilized judiciously.

Investing in Human Capital

The goal of economic development is to reduce, if not eradicate, poverty. The direct approach is to address the minimum basic needs of the people. The human capital development is considered as the founda-tion of economic development and growth. As economic development is a corollary


to economic growth, investing in quality population would therefore mean investing in human capital through education, nutri-tion and health care, safe drinking water, and settlements.

The health programs should focus not only on the health of the people but also of the community.

The Provincial Nutrition Office (PNO) must work closely with the PHO to address the malnutrition problem in the province for young and old alike. The situation of hav-ing a large number of malnourished children cannot be resolved by a supplementary feeding program, which is considered a temporary relief, because it merely depends on the available local funds which are so meager. To sustain such program, the LGUs should work in partnership with NGOs such as the Social Action Commission (SAC) and the Norwegian Mission Alliance (NMA), among others.

The Marinduque Education Stakeholders Alliance, Inc (MESA, Inc.) has a role to play in ensuring quality education for the children of Marinduque and in attaining the vision and thrust of the Provincial Gov-ernment. Partnerships with NGOs and the private sector like the 57-75 Reverse the Education Crisis education consortium and the MESA should be strengthened so that assistance may be sought to address the basic needs of the education sector in the province. The DepEd and the PTCA will also be the province’s strong advocates in the community to ensure a 100 percent school participation both in the elementary and secondary levels. The parents mentor-ing program must also be pushed through in partnership with the Marinduque State

College (MSC). The Special Education Fund must be used wisely and be allocated where it should be.

The hospital facilities should be improved so that indigent patients need not go to other hospitals in the cities like Lucena City, Manila and Quezon City. The PIPH must be fully implemented and must serve not only as planning document but also as monitor-ing tool to track down the performance/accomplishment of the hospital and the health services.

Education programs must be given ad-equate support and sustained. Access to elementary and secondary education must be ensured. To make up for the lapses in the current educational system, the provincial government-run and oper-ated day care center must be expanded to pre-school programs and must not only be limited to children of capitol and government employees whom it currently caters to but also for parents who wish to avail of the services of the PSWD and the Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD). The Day Care Workers in the province must avail of free training and seminars to upgrade skills in teaching. The pre-school program of the DepEd must be provided with full support in or-der to develop a good foundation for the children. The Alternative Learning System must also be a continuing program to en-sure that no one is left illiterate in the prov-ince. Although Marinduque had the high-est literacy rate in the region and although parents have gained increased awareness on the importance of education, poverty will still deprive some population from going to school. The Local School Board must come up with a certain program to


ensure that the “Education for All” policy will become a reality.

Hand in hand with physical health is intellectual fi tness. In a world where high technology dominates the job market, the province must develop a globally com-petitive workforce. There are available mediums such as local cable television and radio stations which allow information dis-semination to be made on a wider scale in order to reach out to the countryside. The academe like the Educational System for Technology Institute (ESTI) and the Marin-duque State College with technical exper-tise in information technology continue to produce and develop graduates who are equipped with IT know-how. TESDA and the DOST, on the other hand, should also sustain programs providing vocational and short courses on the basics of computers, including computer repairs. TESDA should continue to develop/design short courses/programs that have high demands in the job market, in collaboration with the DOLE and PESO. The local investment code of the province must be executed to generate em-ployment and livelihood. The Marinduque Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the LGUs must work together in encourag-ing investors to invest in the province which will help generate revenue for the province.

Maintaining ecological balance will re-solve issues confronting the province in terms of lack of water resources; decreas-ing volume in fish catch due to damaged mangroves as well as degradation of fish habitat; and soil erosion and denuded for-ests caused by man. All these have con-tributed to the global warming and climate change phenomena. Construction and pro-vision of water works projects such as jet-matic pumps, shallow wells and deep wells, among others, will not, however, address the lack of or no access to safe water if there is a depleting water source. Reforestation or watershed rehabilitation must therefore be taken seriously. The people must live in peaceful and harmonious co-existence with the environment, not at its expense.

Economic development and economic growth must also be pursued hand in hand in order to provide for a quality way of life. Active participation of all sectors in society must be solicited in pursuit of economic growth and development. For a province highly dependent on the IRA share, the Provincial Government of Marinduque will look into outsourcing, networking and part-nership as the best alternatives or options to finance and implement development programs and projects.


A. Preparation of Provincial Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report Using CBMS Data

1. Background and Justification

The availability of good statistics and the capacity of governments, donors and international organizations to systematically measure, monitor and report on progress in all social and economic spheres are at the heart of development policy and the achievement of the MDGs.

The Millennium Development Goals Report 2007

While progress toward the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is systematically being measured, monitored and reported at the national level, clearly, there must be a parallel effort at the local level to bring the MDGs into the mainstream of the local development agenda.

This is especially called for under decen-tralized regimes where local government units (LGUs) are at the forefront of policy or program execution. Unfortunately, however, national statistical systems have yet to respond adequately to the demand for micro-level statistics that can aid LGUs in their poverty alleviation efforts, as noted in a joint World

Bank and Asian Development Bank report, to wit: “the most comprehensive and consistent comparative subnational data (are) is at the regional level although this is simply an ad-ministrative level of government that has no responsibilities for delivery of social services. More data (are) is gradually becoming avail-able at the provincial level, but not at lower levels which are at the frontline of efforts to reduce poverty1.”

In response, the Philippine Government has embarked on an initiative to localize the MDGs using the Community-Based Monitor-ing System (CBMS). In 2005, the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) issued Resolution No. 6 “recognizing and enjoining support to the CBMS as a tool for strength-ening the statistical system at the local level that will generate statistics for monitoring and evaluation of development plans, including the progress of the local governments in at-taining the Millennium Development Goals.”

Meanwhile, several approaches are being carried out by the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) in capacitat-ing LGUs to contribute to the attainment of the MDGs and uplifting the quality of life of their constituents. These interventions are particularly stated in DILG Memorandum

EXPLANATORY TEXT

1Decentralization in the Philippines: Strengthening Local Government Financing and Resource Management in the Short-Term, 2005 (A Joint Document of the

World Bank and the Asian Development Bank)


Circular (MC) No. 2004-152 “Guide to Local Government Units in the Localization of the MDGs” dated November 2004, which pro-vides for the: (a) menu of Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) per MDG goal and target to guide LGUs in responding to the MDGs; (b) diagnosis of the local situation using existing local indicators and monitoring system; and (c) call for documentation and replication of good practices.

The CBMS that is being implemented in the Philippines is indeed well-positioned to track progress toward the attainment of the MDGs at the local level. For one, a number of indicators being monitored in the CBMS are included in the indicators for monitoring the

progress in achieving the MDGs. Moreover, CBMS is intended to be done on a regular basis and can therefore be used for updating MDG indicators and facilitating preparation of regular MDG reports. The CBMS can also be used as basis by national and local govern-ments for costing and identifying appropriate interventions needed to achieve the MDGs as well as for resource allocation. Finally, given the large spatial disparities, the CBMS can help identify where focus has to be given to achieve the targets.

The CBMS’ role in localizing the MDGs was recognized during an Experts Group Meeting on Localizing the MDGs held on November 28, 2006 at the United Nations Economic


Figure 34. CBMS Coverage in the Philippines (as of May 12, 2010)


and Social Commission for Asia and the Pa-cifi c (UN ESCAP) in Bangkok, Thailand. The Committee on Poverty Reduction composed of 24 nation-states agreed that the CBMS could complement the offi cial data collection activities of national statistical offi ces and im-prove the availability of the MDG and other indicators at the local level. It also agreed that localizing the MDGs through CBMS would help integrate the goals into the national de-velopment strategies. It therefore urged other developing countries to initiate and implement similar innovative systems that would help localize the MDGs.

As of May 12, 2010, CBMS is being imple-mented in 59 provinces (32 of which are province-wide), 687 municipalities and 43 cities in the Philippines, covering 17,848 ba-rangays all over the country (see Figure 34). A good number of these LGUs have already consolidated their CBMS databases and are well-positioned to generate their own local MDG Reports. For one thing, CBMS collects information that refl ects the multi-faceted na-ture of poverty. In addition, data generated by the CBMS can be broken down by municipal, barangay, purok and even down to the house-hold level, thereby presenting meaningful information and enabling deeper analysis of the poverty situation. Moreover, the CBMS can generate color-coded maps showing the poverty status at each geopolitical level.

2. Objectives

This technical collaboration aims to ca-pacitate nine provincial governments to systematically measure, monitor and report their status with respect to the MDGs. The operative word here is status since the prov-inces used their first round of CBMS data in formulating this report. These provinces

include Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Marinduque, Romblon, Sarangani and Siquijor. The abovementioned provinces were selected since they were among the first LGUs that were able to consolidate their CBMS databases at the provincial level. The CBMS Census was conducted in these provinces between 2005 and 2007 (for detailed information on census years, see Table 56).

In particular, the technical collaboration was carried out to meet the following objectives:

( i) to track the status on the attain-ment of the MDGs in the ident i f ied provinces; ( i i) to assist these provinc-es in preparing their Provincial MDG Repor ts ; and ( i i i ) to inc rease loca l awareness on how these reports can bridge local and national development strategies.

3. Expected Technical Collaboration Outputs

The project is expected to produce the following outputs: (i) mentored technical staff of the nine CBMS-partner provinces on how to prepare Provincial MDG Reports, and (ii) Provincial MDG Reports of the nine provinces.

4. Capacity-Building

The capacity-building of the Provincial MDG Teams consists of three workshops and one-on-one mentoring process.

Processing of CBMS Data to Generate MDG Indicators. This 2-day activity was designed to provide participants with: (i) a deeper appreciation of the importance of the CBMS in benchmarking/tracking local progress


toward the attainment of the MDGs; (ii) a satisfactory level of knowledge in process-ing CBMS data to facilitate analyses of accomplishments versus targets; (iii) some basic skills on how to incorporate MDG targets in local development plans and fa-cilitate corresponding increase in budget allocation for MDG-responsive PPAs; and (iv) tools and methodologies in formulating MDG reports.

Preparation of Provincial MDG Reports Using CBMS Data. This 2-day activity was designed to build on the gains of the first workshop by providing technical assistance to the Project Teams in (i) processing CBMS data to generate the additional MDG indi-cators and consolidating their data at the provincial level, (ii) benchmarking/tracking their progress toward the attainment of the MDGs , (iii) reviewing partial provincial reports based on the indicators generated using the first workshop, and (iv) finalizing list of indicators to be included in the report.

Presentation and Critiquing of Provin-cial MDG Reports. This 3-day activity was designed to finalize the Provincial MDG Reports and at the same time provide an opportunity for an exchange of views and possible harmonization of approaches as well as for the provision of consistent guid-ance to all the Provincial MDG Teams. The expected output from this workshop was the complete manuscript of the MDG Report which already incorporates the comments/inputs of the assigned mentor and resource persons who were invited to share their ex-pertise during the workshop.

Mentor/Mentee Relationship. In order to ensure a sustained and focused mentoring

program, a mentor from the Research Team of the CBMS Network was matched to one Provincial MDG Team.

The assigned mentor was expected to set a specific time each week to interact with his/her Provincial MDG Team and discuss the following: (1) review progress in drafting the Provincial MDG Report, (2) set/identify targets for the coming weeks, and (3) draw up an action plan to achieve those targets. In addition, the mentor was expected to assist his/her assigned MDG Team in identifying and solving problem areas.

Meanwhile, Dr. Celia M. Reyes, Anne Bernadette E. Mandap and Marsmath A. Baris, Jr. reviewed all partial and final re-ports. The technical staff of the NEDA Social Development Staff headed by Director Er-linda Capones also reviewed and provided valuable comments on the reports.

B. CBMS-MDG Indicators

Unless otherwise indicated, all the statisti-cal tables, graphs, charts and poverty maps presented in this report were generated us-ing the CBMS methodology.

The MDG Indicators, which were esti-mated using CBMS data, are presented in table 58.


It involves the following steps:Step 1 – Advocacy/organizationStep 2 – Data collection and field editingStep 3 – Data encoding and map digiti-

zationStep 4 – Data consolidation, database-

building & poverty mappingStep 5 – Data validation and community

consultationStep 6 – Knowledge (database) manage-

mentStep 7 – Plan formulationStep 8 – Dissemination, implementation,

and monitoring

Box 1. Community-Based Monitoring System

The CBMS is an organized way of col-lecting data at the local level to be used by local governments, national govern-ment agencies, nongovernment orga-nizations (NGOs) and civil society for planning, budgeting, and implementing local development programs as well as for monitoring and evaluating their perfor-mance. It is a tool for improved local gov-ernance and democratic decision-making that promotes greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation.


Table 58. The CBMS-MDG Indicators and their Definition


Table 58. The CBMS-MDG Indicators and their Definition (Continued)


C. Poverty and Food Thresholds

Offi cial poverty thresholds computed by the NSCB were used and, in some cases, updated to the reference period for the CBMS data by infl ating these thresholds using the appropri-ate Consumer Price Index (CPI). The poverty and food thresholds used for each province are presented in Table 59.

E. Survey Operations

All survey operations were undertaken under the supervision of the CBMS Technical Working Groups (TWGs) at the Provincial and Municipal Levels. They identifi ed the local personnel who were trained as enumerators and fi eld super-visors. Technical assistance was provided by the PEP-CBMS Network Coordinating Team,

the Bureau of Local Government Development (BLGD) and Regional Offi ce IV-B of the De-partment of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) Regional Offi ce IV-B and the Institute for Democratic Participation in Gover-nance (IDPG).

Training was mainly conducted at two lev-els. The first level training (Training of Train-ors) is conducted for members of the TWGs. This is usually conducted by members of the research staff of the CBMS Network and CBMS accredited trainors from the DILG, NAPC and NEDA. Meanwhile, a second

D. Authority for the CBMS Census

The NSCB has issued Resolution No. 6 (2005) which recognizes and enjoins sup-port to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level. It also directs the NSCB Technical Staff to initiate and coordinate an advocacy program for the adoption of the CBMS by the LGUs, through the Regional Statistical Coordina-tion Committees (RSCCs), the technical arm of the NSCB Executive Board in the regions.

The NSCB has also approved the CBMS Survey Instruments through NSCB Approval No. DILG-0903-01.


level training (Training of Enumerators) is conducted for enumerators who are usually composed of barangay health workers and students. The members of the TWG acted as trainors in this training.

F. Data Processing System

The data processing software used under this project includes the CBMS Data Encoding System, the CBMS-Natural Resources Data-base and Stata.

The CBMS encoding system uses CSPro (Cen-sus and Survey Processing), a software devel-oped by the United States Bureau of Census for entering, editing, tabulating, and disseminating data from censuses and surveys. The CSPro-based (Census and Survey Processing) Encod-ing System converts survey data into electronic data. It produces text fi les (ASCII) described by data dictionaries, which adds fl exibility to the output data. This feature facilitates the interface between the CBMS data and other database systems and statistical softwares.

The CBMS Mapping system employs the Natural Resources Database (NRDB) for CBMS-based poverty mapping and for storing and displaying household- and individual- level information, The CBMS-NRDB is capable of creating and storing spatial (shapefi les) and non-spatial (texts and numbers) data as well as generating maps, reports and graphs ideal for presentation and analysis of poverty attri-butes in the community. This has signifi cantly addressed the need for a simple yet powerful and free geographically-oriented database.

Meanwhile, the CBMS data presented in this report through tables, graphs, charts and

poverty maps were processed using Stata, a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp.

These softwares were provided for free to the nine provinces which formulated their reports under this project.

G. CBMS Poverty MapsThe poverty map for each indicator shows

the provincial map disaggregated by munici-pality.

A simple color scheme is used (green, light green, pink and red) to represent the four ranges of data for each indicator. Each indica-tor, however, used a different range relative to the provincial data.

H. Limitations of the DataWhile observations are taken from the entire

population, the user of the data presented in this report should bear in mind that the mu-nicipalities in two provinces (Eastern Samar and Biliran) were not able to collect their data over the same period. For instance, CBMS was piloted in a number of municipalities in Eastern Samar and Biliran in 2005 and was imple-mented provincewide in 2006. Moreover, due to some diffi culties, the CBMS census could not be carried out in 1 barangay in Romblon, and 2 barangays each in Camarines Norte and Eastern Samar.

Estimates on poverty and subsistence inci-dence may also be affected by under- and/or over-reporting of income or reluctance on the part of the respondents to reveal their true lev-els of income. As in other surveys, the CBMS enumerators may also have encountered in-terview non-response and item non-response.

2 The NRDB was developed by Mr. Richard Alexander, a British volunteer who spent three years working for the Bohol Environment Management Offi ce through the assistance of

Available in this series:

NATIONAL REPORT

• Philippines Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals 2010

PROVINCIAL REPORTS

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Agusan del Norte

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Agusan del Sur

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Biliran

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Camarines Norte

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Eastern Samar

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Marinduque

• Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Romblon

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Sarangani

mdgs provincial status report 2010 philippines marinduque

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