mdgs provincial status report 2010 philippines siquijor

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1 Philippines Fourth Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals using CBMS Data - Province of Province of Marinduque Province of SIQUIJOR

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Page 1: MDGs Provincial Status Report 2010 Philippines Siquijor

1Philippines Fourth Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals using CBMS Data - Province of Province of Marinduque

Province of SIQUIJOR

Page 2: MDGs Provincial Status Report 2010 Philippines Siquijor

Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs)Using CBMS Data

Province of Siquijor

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2Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

The Provincial Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report was prepared with the inten-tion of providing a true and correct picture of the status of the province of Siquijor’s efforts to help the national government meet its global commitments to eradicate poverty. Knowing that more than anyone else, the Local Government Units (LGUs) are the primary institutions that deal directly with the communities who are being threatened by problems of poverty, hunger, unemployment and so many other social, economic and political problems, it would be logical to say that the LGUs take care of their people’s needs.

This report will show the accomplishments of the province, in so far as its extent of helping achieve the targets of the 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In doing this, we acknowl-edge/appreciate the contributions of all Siquijodnons who worked in close partnership with the government. The national government agencies, people’s organizations, and civil society have equally supported the local government in achieving the goals of reducing poverty, achieving universal primary education, promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, and, lastly, developing a global partnership for development.

The MDG Team of the province is very grateful to the administrative support of the six LGU municipalities headed by their respective Mayors and the technical support of the Municipal Planning and Development Coordinators (MPDCs) and the Municipal Local Government Operations Offi cers (MLGOOs). Without them, it would have been very diffi cult to produce this MDG Report.

The good thing about the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), especially for us in the Planning and Development Offi ce, is that we are able to locate where the people who need specifi c government interventions are, who they are, and what they really need in order to live a decent and improved quality of life. It is also very helpful to our offi ce in our planning activities.

For us in the Planning Division, we now have baseline data to guide us in our decision- mak-ing because our Chief Executive would want correct data and information to help him decide what programs and projects need to be prioritized. This Report will also be submitted to the Local Chief Executive, to the Local Development Councils of the six municipalities and their respective Sanggunians to guide them in their respective roles and functions.

Foreword

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3Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

To the entire staff of the Provincial Planning and Development Offi ce, for their unwaver-ing support even up to going many hours of overtime work in order to beat deadlines, our heartfelt thanks and appreciation.

To the constituents and the civil society/private sector representatives, we extend our sincer-est thanks for their involvement in making this report a reality.

We especially extend our warm gratitude to the PEP-CBMS Network Team headed by Dr. Celia M. Reyes, PEP Co-Director and CBMS Network Leader, the United Nations Develop-ment Programme (UNDP) Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) for their invaluable support.

With all Siquijodnons cooperating and supporting our local offi cials, the province of Siquijor will truly become a progressive island.

God Bless Siquijor!

The Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator

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4Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

Message

The preparation of provincial MDGs reports is a critical step that Local Govern-ment Units (LGUs) have taken in the overall effort to localize the MDGs. As it is often said, the MDGs will be ‘won or lost’ at the local level given the conditions of uneven progress and disparities across regions and provinces in the country.

Beyond the national averages, one can see wide disparities on the gains in poverty reduction, universal education, child mortality and maternal health. This situation reinforces the notion that the progress of each province is just as important as the achievements of the country as a whole. After all, the Philippines’ progress towards the MDGs, is the sum of the efforts and gains of all LGUs.

By preparing provincial reports, LGUs are provided vital information on the status of the MDGs in their areas of infl uence. These reports are important

sources of information for planning, resource allocation and priority setting that LGUs are tasked under their mandate of effective local governance. Likewise, in the course of the preparation of the reports, the capacity of LGUs to collect, monitor and use data for decision making has been greatly enhanced. The reports also show how far the Community Based Monitoring System (CBMS) that UNDP has supported can go in terms of its use.

Against the backdrop of renewed optimism emanating from the new political leadership, this fi rst set of nine Provincial Reports on the MDGs is a timely and important milestone. The reports provide crucial insights on how to overcome the constraints in achieving the MDGs locally as the country gears towards the last stretch to attain the eight goals by 2015. They also emphasize the important role of active collaboration of political leaders, stakeholders, and donors in achieving the MDGs.

I wish to commend the nine Provincial Governments that prepared their reports – the Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Marinduque, Romblon, Sa-rangani and Siquijor Province – the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) Network and the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) for working together in bringing about this important accomplishment.

With this initiative, it is hoped that other provinces will follow suit to attain nationwide support for the need to accelerate the pace of the achievement of the MDGs by 2015.

Dr. Jacqueline BadcockUN Resident Coordinator and

UNDP Resident Representative

s by 2015.

Dr Jacqueline Badcock

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5Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

The conduct of the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) survey in the province of Siquijor provides the local leaders with a good picture of what the government under my present administra-tion had done to improve the living conditions of my constituents in addressing their problems and in providing their basic needs.

The results were commendable and gratifying because we know our efforts did not go to waste but were properly put to good use.

Though the province of Siquijor is small in terms of land area and population, and therefore would only get a meager share from the national government in the form of the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA), we are proud to say that Siquijor was never in the list of the 20 poorest provinces in the Philippines. This only proves that development of a place is not solely dependent on how much money there is in the government coffers but on how the money is being spent for the delivery of basic services and how these services are prioritized.

All efforts of my administration are focused on the reduction of poverty and increase of income of my constituents. Right now, we are implementing very critical programs and projects in order to realize these immediate twin goals of government. These goals are in fact at the very heart of our nation’s thrust and we have committed to achieve these goals together with the rest of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Governance is at the center of all our efforts to improve the quality of life of our people. The people of my province understood that Governance is a collective responsibility where everyone -- the governed and the elective officials – is a stakeholder. This proved to be an effective scheme for Siquijor which resulted in yielding more than average re-sults, even with meager resources at the disposal of government.

Message

Republic of the PhilippinesPROVINCE OF SIQUIJOR

OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR

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6Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

We consider good governance as the forefront of development. In our own lingo, we call it “strong political will.”

The Philippines will only be as strong as its weakest local government unit and so we recognize the very important role we have in charting our nation’s destiny.

God Bless Siquijor! ORLANDO A. FUA, JR.

Governor

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7Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

Table of Contents

Foreword ........................................................................................................

Messages UN Resident Coordinator Dr. Jacqueline Badcock ...............................

Siquijor Governor Orlando Fua, Jr. .......................................................

Table of Contents .................................................................................................List of Acronyms ..................................................................................................List of Tables .......................................................................................................List of Figures ......................................................................................................

Executive Summary ......................................................................................

Part 1. Provincial Profile 1. History ........................................................................................

2. Geo-physical Environment ............................................................. 3. Population and Social Environment ................................................ 4. Local Economy ............................................................................. 5. Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities ....................................................... 6. Local Institutional Capability ...........................................................

Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Goal 1 - Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger ...................................................

Goal 2 - Achieve Universal Primary Education .......................................................

Goal 3 - Promote Gender Equality .......................................................................

Goal 4 - Reduce Child Mortality ..........................................................................

Goal 5 - Improve Maternal Health ...........................................................................

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8Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

Goal 6 - Combat HIV / AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases ................................

Goal 7 - Ensure Environmental Sustainability ..................................................

Goal 8 - Develop a Global Partnership for Development .................................

Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge

Priority Programs and Policy Responses ............................................... Financing the MDGs .......................................................................... Monitoring Progress Toward the Attainment of the MDGs .......................

Part 4. Conclusion and Recommendations ........................................

Explanatory Text ...................................................................................

Table of Contents

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71

79

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List of Acronyms

AIDS Acquired Immuno Deficiency SyndromeALS Alternative Learning SystemAPGR Annual Population Growth RateATM Automated Teller MachineBEMONC Basic Emergency Obstetrical Neonatal CareBIT-IC Bohol Institute of Technology – Institute CollegeCA CancerCEMONIC Comprehensive Obstetric Neonatal CareCS Civic SocietyDA Department of AgricultureDAR Department of Agrarian ReformDepEd Department of EducationDOST Department of Science and TechnologyDOTC Department of Transportation and CommunicationsDPWH Department of Public Works and HighwaysDTI Department of Trade and IndustryFAITH Food Always in the HomeGAD Gender and DevelopmentGER Gross Enrollment RatioHIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus IEC Information Education CommunicationISLACOM Isla CommunicationLGU Local Government UnitMCP Maternity Care PackageMSWD Metro Siquijor Water DistrictNER Net Enrollment RatioNPC National Power CorporationNSCB National Statistics Coordination BoardNSO National Statistics Office OFW Overseas Filipino WorkerOSFUA Optimizing Sustainable Food Upliftment AlternativesPEPT Philippine Educational Placement TestPO PeopleÊs OrganizationPROSIELCO Province of Siquijor Electric CooperativePTCA Parents Teachers Community Association

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QMIS Quezon Memorial Institute of SiquijorRCDG Reinforced Concrete Deck GirdersREB Reach Every BarangayRHM Rural Health MidwifeSPES Special Program for the Employment of StudentSPUG Strategic Power Utility GroupSSC Siquijor State CollegeTB-DOTS TB-Directly Observed Treatment ServiceTESDA Technical Education and Skills Development AuthorityTMSI Telecommunication Management System Inc.TWD Technical Working Group

List of Acronyms

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11Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

List of Tables

Table 1 Summary of MDG indicators, Province of Siquijor, 2006Table 2 Land Area, Population (2007), Number of Households and Number of Barangays Table 3 Population in Central Visayas Region, By ProvinceTable 4 Siquijor Population, Annual Population Growth Rate, Density, Area by MunicipalityTable 5 Mortality Data, Siquijor Province Table 6 Morbidity, Leading Causes, Number and Rate per 1,000 Populations, 5-Year Average (2003-2007) and 2008, Province of Siquijor Table 7 Total Enrolment of Public Elementary School, Central VisayasTable 8 Total Enrolment of Public Secondary School Central VisayasTable 9 Enrolment Participation Rate, Province of Siquijor, School Years 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009Table 10 Teacher-Pupil Ratio, Province of Siquijor , School Years 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009Table 11 Classroom-Pupil Ratio, Province of Siquijor, School Years 2006-2007, 2007-2008, 2008-2009Table 12 Percentage of Paved Roads (National and Provincial Roads), Province of SiquijorTable 13 Road Classification for Siquijor Province, Provincial RoadsTable 14 Road Classification for Siquijor Province, National Roads (DPWH)Table 15 National Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By MunicipalityTable 16 Provincial Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By MunicipalityTable 17 Municipal Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By MunicipalityTable 18 Barangay Road Classification, Province of Siquijor, By MunicipalityTable 19 Total Road Length, Province of SiquijorTable 20 Total Road Length by Materials Paved, Province of SiquijorTable 21 Number of Barangays Served by Electricity and Households Connections, Province of Siquijor, 2009Table 22 Electric Generation & Consumption, Province of SiquijorTable 23 Electrical Connections by Type of Users, by Municipality, Province of Siquijor, 2009Table 24 Water Supply Provision for Barangays, by Water Level, Province of SiquijorTable 25 Water Consumption & Generation, Province of Siquijor Table 26 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Living Below Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 27 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Living Below Food Threshold, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 28 Poverty Gap, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 29 Employment Rate, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006

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Table 30 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Who Experienced Food Shortage, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 31 Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 Years of Age, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 32 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old Enrolled in Elementary Education, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 33 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 years old Enrolled in High School, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 34 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old Enrolled in School, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006Table 35 Literacy Rate of 15-24 Year-Olds, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 36 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education, by Municipality and by Urban/ Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 37 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education, by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 38 Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 39 Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15 – 24 years old), by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 40 Proportion of Elective Seats Held by Women, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 41 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 42 Magnitude and Proportion of Infants Who Died, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 43 Magnitude and Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Who Died, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 44 Magnitude and Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy-Related Causes, by Municipality and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 45 Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 46 Distribution of Land with Forest Cover, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2010 Table 47 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 48 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006

List of Tables

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13Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

Table 49 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population who are Informal Settlers, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 50 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population who Live in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 51 Magnitude and Proportion of Households/Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions, by Municipality, by Sex and by Urban/Rural, Siquijor, 2006 Table 52 Magnitude and Proportion of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 53 Magnitude and Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Table 54 Magnitude and Proportion of Households with Computers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006Table 55 The CBMS-MDG Indicators and their DefinitionTable 56 Poverty and Food Thresholds

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14Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

List of Figures

Figure 1 Regional Location Map Figure 2 Provincial Map of Siquijor Figure 3 Population, annual population growth rate and population density, by municipality Figure 4 Location of Health and Allied Facilities Figure 5 Location of Educational Facilities Figure 6 Ports in Siquijor Figure 7 Road Map of Siquijor Figure 8 Electricity and household connections Figure 9 Electrical connections by type of users by municipality Figure 10 Percent of households served per municipality, by level Figure 11 Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 12 Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 13 Map of Poverty Gap Ratio, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 14 Map on Employment Rate, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 15 Map of Proportion of Population Who Experienced Food Shortage By Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 16 Map of Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 Years of Age By, Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 17 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old in Elementary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 18 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 Years Old in High School, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 19 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old in School by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 20 Map of Literacy Rate of the Population 15-24 Year-Olds by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 21 Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 22 Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 23 Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 24 Map of Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15-24 Years Old), by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 25 Map of Proportion of Elective Seats Held by Women, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 26 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 27 Map of Proportion of Infants Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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15Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

Figure 28 Map of Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 29 Map of Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy- Related Causes, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 30 Map of Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 31 Proportion of Land with Forest Cover, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2010 Figure 32 Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 33 Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 34 Map of Proportion of Population Who are Informal Settlers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 35 Map of Proportion of Population who are Living in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 36 Map of Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 37 Map of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines, by Municipality, Province of Siquijor, 2006 Figure 38 Map of Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006 Figure 39 Map of Proportion of Households with Computers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006Figure 40 CBMS Coverage in the Philippines (as of May 12, 2010)

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16Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The First Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Report of the Province of Siquijor used the results of the 2006 CBMS Survey.

There are good and not so good results in terms of some indicators. There are also some indicators that require more innova-tive and highly creative strategies if there is truly a desire on the part of the local gov-ernment to achieve the MDG targets by 2015. Given the financial capability of the LGU, there may be low probability of meet-ing these targets. However, with the local leaders, the constituents, and the national government working and acting together, with the help of other equally-concerned donors from other countries, the MDG tar-gets can be realized and the lives of the people in the province might be improved.

Good news

• Proportion of children aged 0-5 who are underweight was only 2.3 percent, which already surpassed the 2015 national target of 17.3 percent. Malnutrition in the province is not a very big problem also but it should be noted that the target is to have zero (0) malnutrition rate by 2015.

• Mortality rate among children aged 0-5 was only 0.4 percent. This very low

rate could be attributed to the presence of readily available child health programs such as, but not limited to, immunization programs, cheaper medicines at the Botika ng Barangay, breastfeeding program, and other child-focused health projects. Given these interventions, it is believed that the province has high probability of achieving zero child mortality by 2015.

• The province recorded only three (3) pregnancy-related deaths. This very low maternal death can somehow be attributed to the fact that morbid and complicated pregnant mothers are referred to health fa-cilities outside the province. Despite this low maternal death rate, the general perception is that pre-natal care services are still poor and facility-based services are very low as most of the deliveries were performed at home (87%). To achieve zero (0) maternal death rates, deliveries must eventually be performed in the birthing facilities by trained personnel or midwives. Maternal care pack-age should also be vigorously performed.

• Literacy rate among population aged 15-24 was high at 98.7 percent, with literacy rate of males (98.7%) being slightly higher by 0.1 percent than that of females (98.6%). Given that the target is 100 percent, the difference to be worked out until 2015 is only 1.3 percent.

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17Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

Table 1. Summary of MDG Indicators, Province of Siquijor, 2006

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Table 1. (Continuation)

Source: CBMS Survey 2006

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• The ratio of girls to boys in elementary education was 0.94, which is very close to the desired ratio of 1. Moving to higher edu-cational levels, the ratio slightly increased in favor of girls, with 1.03 in secondary and 1.05 in tertiary. The results indicate that there is gender equality in school participa-tion. However, although the proportion of seats held by women in positions in munici-palities and the province is only 27.0 per-cent, it was assured that women are given equal opportunities in the electoral exercise.

• Proportion of households with access to safe drinking water was 95.1 percent.

• Proportion of households with access to sanitary toilet facilities was 85.6 per-cent, which is still higher than the 2015 national target of 83.8 percent. The re-maining 14.4 percent will be attended to in the next 5 years.

Not-so-good news

• There were 48,030 persons, or approxi-mately 58.8 percent of the total province’s population, who are living below the pov-erty threshold. This figure is relatively higher than the national poverty rate of 32.9 per-cent in 2006. In addition, the magnitude of the population living below the food thresh-old was 35,357, which is equivalent to 43.3 percent of the total population.

• Employment rate was only 82.0 percent of the total labor force, which

means that 18.0 percent are not em-ployed. This partly explains why more t han ha l f o f t he popu la t ion i n t he province was l iving below the poverty threshold.

• Proportion of children aged 13-16 who are enrolled in high school was only 70.1 percent. This means that a relatively large proportion of children within this age range are not attending high school. The reasons for low participation rate should be explored further and the root causes of the problem should be ad-dressed.

This report could help the province in prioritizing interventions that would help attain their MDG targets. Government programs should be implemented specifi-cally to address poverty, unemployment and hunger in order to achieve 2015 MDG target on the eradicating extreme poverty and hunger. Furthermore, since it is also widely recognized that educational status is directly linked to poverty, problems con-cerning education should be addressed. There is also a need to ensure adequate living conditions among the communities by designing appropriate interventions in the province such as implementation of a housing program or other programs such as provision of safe drinking water, installation of sanitary toilets through LGU-Household Cooperation, Bayanihan Housing Project for informal settlers and for those living in makeshift housing.

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1. History

Very little is known about Siquijor and its inhabitants before the arrival of the Spaniards in the 16th century. During its occupation, however, caves in the island yielded old China wares that imply ear-lier encounters with Chinese traders. The original inhabitants called “Siquijodnons” came from Cebu, Bohol and other adjacent islands. Legends tell of a “King Kihod” as

the source of the island’s name. Old resi-dents also called the island “Katugasan”, derived from the Molave trees that cover the hill. The Spaniards, however, called it “Isla de Fuego” or island of fire because of the eerie luminescence generated by the swarms of fireflies found in the island. The first Spaniard to discover the island was Es-teban Rodriguez of the Legazpi Expedition in 1565. He was the captain of a small party that left Legazpi’s camp in Bohol to explore

Figure 1. Regional Location Map

Part 1. Provincial Profile

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the nearby island. After having been part of the province of Bohol until 1854 and prov-ince of Negros Oriental until 1892, Siquijor became an independent province in 1971.

2. Geo-Physical Environment

Siquijor is the smallest island province in the Central Visayas Region. The province of Siquijor is a 4th class province with a lone congressional district. It consists of six (6) municipalities: Larena, Siquijor, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Enrique Villanueva with a total of 134 barangays (9 urban and 125 rural barangays). It is geographically located between 9°05’ N and 9°18’ N, and 123°27’ E and 123°42’ E midway between the Visayas and Mindanao islands. It is

bounded on the northwest by the island of Cebu, on the northeast by Bohol, on the east by Camiguin Island, on the south by mainland Mindanao, and on the west by Negros island. On its northern shore is the Bohol Strait and on its southeast shore, the Mindanao Sea. The island is 565 aerial kilometers (km) from the National Capital Region (NCR) in Luzon and is approximately 1 hour and 15 minutes by plane.

The Province of Siquijor is basically hilly and mountainous, mostly made up of lime-stone rock. Mt. Bandilaan, the highest peak of the province, rises about 557 me-ters above sea level. The central highlands drop coastward into floodplains and deltas found in the northern and southern coasts.

Figure 2. Provincial Map of Siquijor

Source: SIMU

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Land use in Siquijor is predominantly devoted to agriculture, covering 52.0 per-cent of the total land area which generally includes areas planted to coconut, corn, and irrigated and non-irrigated paddy rice. A substantial portion of the island is also devoted to grassland (38.0 percent) found mostly in the uplands with slopes of 8.0 percent and above. Woodland areas are those covered with trees or woody type of vegetation, representing about 3.0 percent of the island’s total land area. The rest are used for settlements and commercial pur-poses which are mostly concentrated in the Poblacion of every municipality.

The largest among the municipalities is Siquijor which covers an area of 8,205.9 hectares, followed by Lazi at 7,322.2 hect-ares. The smallest municipality is Enrique Villanueva which has 2,792.7 hectares .

Geological formations are dominated by limestone, originated in a former coral reef. Karst formations are also numerous. Some volcanic agglomerates could be found only

in the northeast of the island. Much of the island is rimmed by low limestone cliffs bor-dered by a very narrow strip of sand. In some places, small beaches are isolated in coves and indentations. Although the coastline of Siquijor is irregular, bays are almost nonexistent. The only significant bay found on the island is Maria Bay located in the eastern side of the island.

Topographic features associated with limestone terrain in Siquijor include cliffs, depressions and sinkholes. There are a lot of caves in the island. The surface drain-age of the island is not well developed and water is often diverted into subsurface channels.

3. Population and Social Environment

3.1 Population Size, Density and Growth Rate

The population of Siquijor based on the 2007 Census of Population (POPCEN 2007) was 87,695 persons. This figure is higher

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by 6,097 persons over the population count of 81,598 persons in 2000 or 7.47 percent increase over the 2000 count. The recent population count for the province translates to an annual growth rate of 1.0 percent for the period 2000 to 2007. It is lower than the 2.2 percent annual growth rate for the period 1995-2000 by 1.2 percent.

In the whole of Region VII, Siquijor regis-

tered the lowest annual population growth rate (APGR), followed by Bohol’s 1.1 per-cent and Negros Oriental’s 1.2 percent. The province with the highest APGR is Cebu. The three provinces of Siquijor, Bohol and Negros Oriental have lower APGRs than the regional rate while Cebu exceeded the regional APGR by 0.1 percent. Region VII, however, still has a lower APGR than the national figure. In 2000, Cebu had the highest population density of 489 persons/sq.km. Bohol followed with 276 persons/sq.km., then Siquijor with 256 persons/sq.km. and finally, Negros Oriental with the lowest population density of 208.4 persons/sq.km. Only Cebu had a population density higher than the regional population density of 381 persons/sq.km. Compared with the national figure, Cebu and Bohol registered higher population densities.

Among the municipalities, Larena regis-tered the highest population density of 329 persons/sq.km. based on the 2007 census.

This could be due to its smaller land area, followed by San Juan with 326 persons/sq.km., Siquijor with 288 persons/sq.km., Lazi with 265, Maria with 230, and Enrique Villanueva with the lowest density of 210 persons/sq.km.

Figure 3. Population, Annual Population Growth Rate and Population Density, by Municipality

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3.2 Language/Dialects

Cebuano is the main dialect generally spoken in the households of Siquijor. Taga-log as well as English, however, are under-stood by a big majority of the population. The big influencing factors include the mov-ies, radio, television and publications. English remains as the medium of in-struction in schools, colleges, and other higher learning institutions aside from the fact that most foreigners who live in Siquijor are English-speaking people.

3.3 Social Environment

Siquijor province has its own unique island ecosystem and contains endemic and wildlife species probably not found anywhere in the country. There are no existing biological assessments in the island that can establish the condition and diversity of species. The differ-ent ecosystems considered vital to the overall status of the natural environment include coastal, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. National guidelines exist for the protection of such ecosystems.

Figure 3. (Continued)Generally, there is little or no pollution in

the rivers and foreshore areas except for visible garbage (particularly plastics and glass bottles) thrown or left indiscriminately by the locals and tourists alike. The waters around the harbors are visibly clear. In fact, according to some diving experts, some of the best dive sites in the island are found near piers in Siquijor and Lazi.

3.3.1 HealthSiquijor believes that a healthy and well-

cared population is the pillar of a progres-sive nation. That is why health should be considered a main priority by the govern-ment and should thus be given more im-portance.

In the province of Siquijor, mortality data had been observed to be high. Deaths were generally caused by septicemia/Sep-

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sis, pneumonia and cancer of all forms from 2006-2008. The province’s leading causes of mortality occur because of the inefficien-cy of the local health system in the province. Such inefficiency is manifested by the lack of functional management systems such as the referral network that is supposed to as-sure timely transport of patients.

The Siquijor Provincial Hospital services the island with 100 beds. There is a small hospital in Lazi, the Lazi District Hospital, which has 15 beds. Even though the num-ber of beds is sufficient for its population per the national standard (1 bed per 1,000 persons) and the land area is sufficient for the bed capacity (2.36 hectares total for hospital and grounds), improvements in the Provincial Hospital need to be made. However, no money has been allocated for such improvements. While there are plans to expand the Lazi District Hospital, it does

not, however, qualify as a district hospital because it only provides basic medical services for minor ailments and obstetrics.

The province shows that the causes of morbidity are the result of poor environmen-tal sanitation, unsafe drinking water, un-

Figure 4. Location of Health and Allied Facilities

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healthy lifestyle, lack of vitamin supplemen-tation or malnutrition. The leading causes of morbidity are still infectious diseases such as: Bronchitis/Bronchitis, Acute Respiratory Infection, Pneumonia, Diarrhea, Hyperten-sion, TB, respiratory diseases and dengue fever (Table 5). However, it is noted that cardiovascular diseases have significantly increased in recent years, indicating a need for an intensified campaign on preventive measures specifically on healthy lifestyle programs. Sustaining and strengthening effective advocacy campaigns at the com-munity level on the prevention and control of infectious deceases is indeed a must. Lo-cal government units (LGUs) must increase investments on programs that are still con-sidered public health threats.

3.3.2 Education

The province of Siquijor has only one school division. The indicators in this sec-

tor include the literacy rate, elementary and secondary cohort survival rates, elementary secondary classroom-pupil ratios, and ele-mentary and secondary participation rates, among others. Figure 5 also shows the lo-cation of the various educational facilities in the province.

The total enrolment for all ages in public schools in the province for SY 2007-2008 was 11,170. Total enrolment for those aged 6-11 years old for the same school year was 9,227 resulting in a Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) of 85.4 percent and a Net Enrol-ment Ratio (NER) of 70.5 percent. Both the GER and NER are lower than the Central Visayas’ ratios.

Siquijor province had a total enrolment of 4,711 in public schools for all ages and both sexes for SY2007-2008 while the total enrolment for children aged 12-15 years old during the same school year was 3,345.

Figure 5. Location of Educational Facilities

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Given the total population of those aged 12-15 years of 8,654, GER is 54.4 percent and NER is 38.7 percent.

Table 8 illustrates the Gross and Net En-rolment Ratios in secondary education for public schools in the province of Siquijor

as well as in other provinces in Central Visayas.

3.3.3 Enrolment Participation Rate

The enrolment participation rates in Siqui-jor province for both the elementary and

Table 7: Total Enrolment of Public Elementary School Central Visayas

Table 8: Total Enrolment of Public Secondary School Central Visayas

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number of pupils and that, conversely, pu-pils receive less attention from the teacher. It is generally assumed that a low pupil-teacher ratio signifies smaller classes, which enables the teacher to pay more attention to individual pupils and thus contribute to the better scholastic performance of the pupils. However, this indicator does not take into account differences in teachers’ academic qualifications, pedagogical training, pro-fessional experience and status, teaching methods, teaching materials and variations in classroom condition (EFA Indicators).

The ratio of the teacher to students in the elementary level for three school years in the province of Siquijor was well within the standards. The average teacher-pupil ratio in the province was registered at 1:21 (Ta-ble 9). In the secondary level, meanwhile, the ratio showed a better picture during the latter school years due to the decrease in the enrolment participation rate.

3.3.5 Classroom-Pupil Ratio

Classroom-pupil ratio is still above the na-tional standard class size of 1:45 because some classrooms used for ancillary services were included in the computations.

In the elementary level, the ratio of class-room to pupils is one classroom for every 23 students in school year 2007-2008. This decreased to 1:22 in the school year 2008-2009 but again increased to 1:24 in school year 2009-2010.

secondary education is seen to be decreas-ing. For the elementary level, based on the data for SY 2006-2007 provided by the Department of Education (DepEd)-Siquijor Division Office, the enrolment participation rate registered at 72.1 percent which was really high. However, this went down to 70.5 percent in SY 2007-2008 and to 70.18 percent in SY 2008-2009.

The same trend can be seen in the sec-ondary level where the enrolment participa-tion rate decreased from 39.9 percent in SY 2006-2007 to 38.7 percent in SY 2007-2008 and then further declined in SY 2008-2009 to 37.29 percent (Table 8).

3.3.4 Teacher-Pupil Ratio

Another performance indicator of the education sector is the teacher-pupil ra-tio. It is the average number of pupils per teacher in a given school year. This indica-tor is used to measure the level of human input, in terms of number of teachers, in relation to the size of the pupil population. As of 2000, the established national standard for the number of pupils per teacher is 60. This used to be 40 pupils per teacher. A high pupil-teacher ratio suggests that each teacher has to deal with a large

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In the secondary level, a general im-provement in the classroom-pupil ratio was observed during the latter school years as compared to the earlier school year. In par-ticular, there were 32 pupils for every class-room during the school years 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 as compared to 33 during the school year 2007-2008. The decrease was attributed to the additional school which was turned over to the Department of Education. This refers to the Lazi National Agricultural School.

3.3.6 Colleges and Other Institutions of Higher Learning

In the province, there are three colleges that cater to the needs of Siquijodnons for higher learning. The three collegiate in-stitutions offer several collegiate and post collegiate courses as well as technical vo-cational courses.

The three are: the Siquijor State College (SSC) located in Larena, which is the big-gest of the three collegiate institutions and run by the government, the Balite Institute of Technology (BIT), located in Siquijor, Siquijor and the Quezon Memorial Institute of Siquijor (QMIS) also located in Siquijor.

4. Local Economy

The Siquijor provincial economy is made up of the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors. These sectors represent the differ-ent industry groups and economic activities. The primary sector includes agriculture, fishery and forestry; the secondary sector comprises mining and quarrying, manu-facturing and processing, and the tertiary sector includes services.

The local economy derives earnings from exporting traditional goods such as copra, live animals and fruits. Four of the top five exports of the province are copra, livestock, lumber and fruits but not in substantial vol-umes. Minor export commodities include bananas, furniture and palay. These are ex-ported to Dumaguete, Bacolod and Cebu. On the other hand, it imports processed commodities, the bulk of which are bottled merchandise and general cargo, cement, animal feeds and rice. Siquijor is highly import-dependent in terms of currency and commodities.

Agriculture remains to be the leading industry in Siquijor in terms of employment generation. Coconut and corn are the prin-cipal crops in Siquijor. Next to coconut and corn, root crop is a significant agricultural commodity. Cassava and sweet potato are the leading 2007 crops in this category in terms of land area proportions. Peanut and cassava are principal agricultural products in the towns of Lazi and Maria. The top two fruits grown in Siquijor in terms of produc-tion volume are banana and mango.

Fishery in Siquijor is mainly characterized as small scale and marginal fishing. In 2008, there were a total of about 6,115 fishermen in Siquijor province.

Mining (secondary sector) is considered a major industry in the province in terms of local income but mainly concentrated in Lazi and Maria. The province used to be a leading producer of manganese as early as during the Japanese occupation in the island up until the 1970s when manganese mines closed down due to diminished min-ing prospects.

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Limestone quarrying came in the middle of the 1990s and was concentrated in Lazi and Maria. But then again, it stopped operation in 2006. During its lifetime, mining (second-ary sector) was considered a major industry in terms of local income and employment but only for a short period of time.

Business establishments in Siquijor are predominantly trading and services (tertiary sector). Industries operating in the island are made up of a handful of small enter-prises. They include metalworking, food processing, ceramics, furniture, gifts, toys and house ware.

There are four banks in the province that provide financial services (deposit and credit), namely: Allied Bank, Land Bank of the Philippines, Larena Rural Bank and First Consolidated Bank. There are two auto-mated teller machines (ATM) operated by the Land Bank and Allied Bank in Larena. Both do not accept credit cards though. Credit cards are accepted only in limited tourist resorts. Visitors arriving in the island either have to carry cash or inquire on ar-rival whether their accommodation accepts credit cards as mode of payment.

Sources of income at the household level come from: (1) local employment or busi-ness, and (2) remittances from Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and Balikbayans residing in various countries all over the world. This segment of the labor force con-tributes considerably to the income of the locals through regular remittances sent to family members or relatives.

5. Infrastructure/Utilities/Facilities

5.1 TransportationSea transportation is the primary mode

of transport between Siquijor and other provinces. There are two major government ports and one private port operating in the province. The port of Larena is the principal maritime port of entry of the province.

Siquijor Province is accessible primar-ily by sea transport from the neighboring provinces of Negros Oriental, Bohol, Cebu and from Plaridel, Misamis Occidental and Iligan City in Mindanao. There are at least three ports in the municipalities of Larena, Siquijor and Lazi. The port of Larena is the principal port of entry in the province. The port of Siquijor caters only to boats plying Siquijor and Dumaguete City.

The shipping lines with main offices in Cebu City which provide trips from Cebu to Tagbilaran and Larena, Siquijor are: Co-kaliong which schedules its trips from Cebu to Larena, Siquijor every Monday afternoon and goes back to Cebu in the evening of the same day; Palacio Shipping which sched-ules its trips from Cebu to Larena, Siquijor every Monday, Wednesday and Friday af-ternoon and proceeds to Plaridel, Misamis Occidental in the early morning of Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and comes back to Larena on Tuesday, Thursday and Sunday afternoon and goes back to Cebu on the night of the same day; Lite Shipping sails to Larena from Cebu at noon time every Tues-day, Thursday and Saturday and proceeds to Plaridel in Mindanao early morning of the next day and comes back to Larena every Wednesday, Friday and Sunday afternoon and straight back to Cebu in the evening of the same day. Ocean Jet which is a fast

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craft sails daily from Cebu at 3:40 in the afternoon to Tagbilaran via Dumaguete and Siquijor and goes back to Cebu from Siquijor every morning at 6:00 o’clock.

Delta fast ferries 1 and 3 provide 50-min-ute sea transport from Dumaguete to Siqui-jor and Larena four times daily. Montene-gro Shipping sails to Dumaguete City and back to Larena and Siquijor 2 times daily.

Given the increasing volume in passenger traffic, the improvement and development of the airport such as the asphalting/con-creting of the runway is deemed necessary, as this is the only air link to nearby prov-inces. This would serve as the emergency

access to and from the province when sea access is not available. This will also im-prove the tourism industry in the locality as it provides an alternative means of trans-portation during very crucial times.

All the improvements will translate into in-creased employment, income and govern-ment revenues and improved quality of life.

The Siquijor Circumferential Road links one municipality to the other and carries most of the volume of traffic in the province. It has two major points, the municipalities of Larena and Lazi, corresponding to two traffic routes namely: Larena-Siquijor-San Juan-Lazi vice-versa and Larena-Tal-

Figure 6. Ports in Siquijor

Larena Port

Lazi Port

Cang-Alwang Airport

Siquijor Port

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ingting-Maria-Lazi vice-versa. These routes pass through the centers of each of the six municipalities.

Larena-Basac-Maria road to reach Maria. There are 168.632 kilometers of provincial roads in Siquijor.

There is a good quality road network in the island. The majority of streets is as-phalted or cemented. Remote areas have mostly graveled roads. Traffic density in Siquijor is low. The national highway spans 95.017 kilometers of either concrete or asphalt-pave roads, provincial roads, municipal roads, barangay roads or farm-to-market roads. The provincial roads have a total length of 168.632 kilometers which cover interior areas traversing the upland areas. The major arterial roads are mostly made of concrete. These are mostly all-weather roads, passable by both light and heavy vehicles, primarily transporting farm produce and passengers to and from the growth centers and settlement areas. The

A total of 95.017 kilometers of national road in the province comprise the major arterial road. This circumferential road is mostly covered with asphalt. This national road passes through the six municipalities.

Access to interior parts of the province is possible. With the provincial roads, without taking the regular route, one can travel from Larena-Cang-agong-Cangumantong-Poo Road. From Larena, people can take the

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total length of national and provincial roads is 244 kilometers.

Priority among the internal routes is the upgrading or improvement of the coastal highway (circumferential roads) from as-phalt to concrete pave roads, all the way north and south. The rehabilitation/im-provement of this road network is ongoing under the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Central Office and the rest under the Regional and District Offices of the DPWH. Such activities implemented are perceived to increase the level of service and to improve mobility of people with less vehicle- operating expenses and less time/effort consumption.

The local government units also took part in undertaking complementary activities like asphalting, concreting and gravelling of lo-cal roads of 168.632 kilometers of provin-

cial roads, 27.929 kilometers of municipal roads, and 80.763 kilometers of barangay roads. Provincial roads and municipal are mostly asphalt.

Siquijor municipality has the longest stretch of municipal roads (9.8 kilometers) in the province. Next is Lazi with 7.6 kilo-meters of municipal roads while San Juan has the shortest municipal roads of only about 1.7 kilometers

The municipality of Siquijor has the longest artery of barangay roads in the province with more than 43 kilometers. Next to Siquijor are Larena and Lazi with almost 11 kilometers of barangay roads for each of the said municipali-ties. Enrique Villanueva has the short-est length of barangay roads with only about 4 kilometers.

As to the road surface types, gravel is still predominant. Total road length over total population is 0.004 which is very much high-

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er than the national standard which is 0.001 or 1 kilometer in every 1000 population.

5.2 Communication

The province of Siquijor has communica-tion facilities, with all municipalities having direct contact through telephones, cellular phones and single-side band radio sets. There are also privately owned and man-aged telephone services operating in the province like TMSI, GLOBE and ISLACOM. Most of the telecommunications facilities of these companies are located in Larena and Siquijor.

The LGUs and the Department of Trans-portation and Communications (DOTC) operate the rest of the telecommunication facilities in the province jointly.

The communication facilit ies include newspapers, internet servers and cafes, cellular phone sites, telephone, telegraph and post offices.

5.3 Power

The power supply in Siquijor province is being provided by the Strategic Power Utility Group (SPUG), the missionary arm of the National Power Corporation (NPC). The main sources of power in the province are the MAN diesel generator sets located in the municipality of Siquijor. These gen-erators were installed back in 1984. There are five generators all in all but, but only three are operational and the other two are right now undergoing major repair. The other source of electricity of the province is the Power Barge 113, which is docked

Figure 7. Road Map of Siquijor

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at the municipality of Lazi located at the southern part of the island. Power Barge 113 came from Mindoro and is basically used to augment the generation of the diesel power plants during the peak hours and another Power Barge 116 installed at Larena, Siquijor.

As of July 2009, the Province of Siquijor Electric Cooperative (PROSIELCO), the island’s distribution system, was able to provide electrical connections to 15,047 households, which comprised 87.1 per-cent of the total households of 17,285. The remaining 13 percent are not served with electricity. In terms of barangays served, 134 out of 134 barangays or 100 percent are served by PROSIELCO.

Clustering of houses and accessibility in the province are factors that affect the provision of power lines. Thus, electrical power is well provided in the two primary growth centers of the province, which are the municipalities of Larena and Siquijor.

The province of Siquijor has an average power consumption of 1.6 mega watts per hour and has a capacity to generate 1.77 mega watts per hour which entails 0.11 mega watt per hour of surplus power.

There were 16,542 electrical connec-tions in the province of Siquijor as of 2009. These were predominantly residential (81 percent), followed by commercial establish-ments (10 percent), streetlights (5 percent), public buildings (4 percent) and industrial

Source: Province of Siquijor Electric Cooperative (PROSIELCO)

Figure 8. Electricity and Household Connections

Source: PROSIELCO

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opment of the feeder airport are high priority plans. Improvement of the power supply will likely result in the reduction of power outages (service interruptions) and reduced power bills plus the likeli-hood of sustained and quality service. Eventually, the province will be able to attract investors to put up and establish big business in the island.

5.4 Water

Water is the basic need or requirement for domest ic, com-mercial or industrial use, and all other ac-tivities and is there-fo re cons ide red a cri t ical determinant

of economic development. Water supply program has always been on top of the development agenda of the Provincial

connection (1 percent). The municipality of Siquijor has the most number of electrical connections (30 percent), followed by Lar-ena (19 percent) while Enrique Villanueva had the least with 7 percent of the total connections in the province.

Improvement of the power supply and development and management of the water system as well as the devel-

Figure 9. Electrical Connections by Type of Users, by Municipality

Source: PROSIELCO

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Government, both in the short-term and medium-term.

There is abundant water supply in the province. In fact, there is an excess water generation of 0.11 million cubic meters. However, in some municipalities, water supply is inefficient and the common per-ception for this situation is the poor plan-ning in the waterworks system (improper sizes of pipes, piping network system poorly laid out/designed and small-sized reservoirs).

The whole province of Siquijor is served by Level I, Level II and Level III water sys-tems, where:

• Level I refers to water tapped directly from point sources such as rain collectors, springs, shallow and deep wells.

• Level II pertains to water distributed through pipes with communal faucets (stand pipe) which serve clusters of households at the barangays or sitios.

• Level III corresponds to piped water sys-tems with individual household connections.

.The Metro Siquijor Water District (MSWD)

supplies Level III water to the towns of Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor. The munici-palities of Larena and Enrique Villanueva are managing their own municipal water supply systems. Rural Water Supply As-sociations (RWSAs) are also found in the province operating Level II water supply systems in the areas not served by MSWD and by the two municipal water districts.

Springs are the major sources of water supply for the municipalities. Currently, three springs, namely, Cansilim, Cangkabo and Candura are the sources of water sup-

ply serving 15 barangays. Aside from these springs, there are other springs --Tubod, Canghaling and Capilay -- which are po-tential sources for water supply.

Although the island has sufficient water sources, however, they are not fully uti-lized. Some areas still suffer from shortage and water is not provided 24 hours a day. To solve such problems, privately owned resorts and establishments have started finding their own resources by utilizing wells in their areas or setting up water tanks to reserve water for non-drinking usage dur-ing times of water shortage. To economize on the usage of water, some of the resort owners have adopted certain measures to minimize their consumption like having small sinks, low-flow showerheads and low-pressure flush toilet and making use of treated sewage for watering plants and use of rainwater, among others.

Table 23 shows the number and percent-age shares of barangays being served by water level systems I, II and III. A greater number of barangays is being served by Level II water system at 44 percent while 38 percent is served by Level III water system, and 18 percent by Level I system.

In terms of individual household con-nection/access to the water system, this is not prevalent in the municipality of Siquijor where 32 out of 42 barangays, which is equivalent to 76 percent of households, have such connection. Larena also has the advantage of having more than one third (39 percent) of its barangays being served by level III. Enrique Villanueva has no access to piped water distribution for individual households. Except for Maria and Siquijor, at least half of all barangays

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in the other four municipalities are served by Level II water system, with Lazi having the highest share at 67 percent. Enrique Villanueva relies heavily on Level I water system with half of its barangays depen-dent on said source. The municipalities of Siquijor and Larena have minimal shares of barangays dependent on this system. In Maria, about 45 percent of its barangays also depend on Level I system. Water is also a very important resource that inves-tors look for, especially for businesses that require big volumes of water.

6. Local Institutional Capabilities

6.1 Structure and Functions of the Local Development Council

The Provincial Development Council is headed by the Governor and is composed of the following members:

1. all mayors of the six (6) municipalities of Enrique Villanueva, Larena, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and the capital town of Siquijor.

2. the chairman of the Committee on Ap-propriations of the Sangguniang Panlala-

wigan3. the Congressman or

his representative4. the representatives

of people’s organiza-tions (POs) or civil soci-ety (CS) who shall con-stitute less than ¼ of the members of the fully organized council. In the case of Siquijor Province,

there are four (4) representatives from the POs and CS.

It also has an Executive Commit-tee that represents and acts on be-

half of the Provincial Development Council when it is not in session composed of the Gov-ernor as the Chairman, and the president of the League of Municipali-ties, the Chairman of the Committee on Ap-propriations, the Presi-dent of the Provincial Liga ng mga Barangay and a representat ive

Figure 10. Percent of Households Served per Municipality, by Level

Source: PDPFP

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of the POs/CS who sits in the Council, as members.

The functions of the Provincial Develop-ment Council are the following:

1. Formulate long-term, medium-term and annual development plans and policies.

2. Formulate local development invest-ment plans and annual investment program.

3. Evaluate and prioritize socio-economic development programs and projects.

4. Formulate local investment incentives to promote inflow of capital investments.

5. Coordinate, monitor and evaluate the implementation of development programs and projects.

6.2 Technical Capability of the Local Planning and Development Council

The Local Planning and Development Council has very limited technical capabili-ties to carry out its mandated functions and responsibilities.

Although the provincial government has very recently undertaken a review of the provincial plantilla positions with the end in view of streamlining the bureaucracy, what actually happened was simply an upgrad-ing of positions and making permanent certain employees in the positions where they were previously designated.

The Provincial Planning and Development Office is staffed with mostly clerical and administrative positions. The technical staff only consist of the Provincial Planning and Development Coordinator, the Planning Of-ficer III and the Statistician Aide. The rest are Draftsman, and Computer Operators, among others.

Trainings identified to be important and necessary are on planning, project pro-posal writing and packaging, Geographic Information System, Computer Program-ming, and map laying, among others.

6.3 Fiscal Management Capability

Lower-class LGUs like Siquijor need more financial resources to support the provision of basic services and to fund local develop-ment plans that will help attain key human development outcomes. On one hand, rev-enue generation and resource mobilization are hampered by complex tax structures, poor system and procedures, and weak local capabilities. On the other hand, plan-ning and budgeting at the local level are restrained by the short political tenure of lo-cal officials and the lack of a clear mandate supporting the linkage between the Local Development Plan, the Local Development Investment Program and the Annual Invest-ment Program.

LGUs may have identified and developed strategies and systems that will enable them to increase their financial resources but the legislature usually does not have the po-litical will to enforce and put into law the proposed measures that would guarantee improved revenue collections.

a. Development orientation of the Sang-gunian as evidenced by its legislative out-put. There is still much to be desired as far as the performance of the Sanggunian vis-à-vis the development agenda for the province is concerned.

b. Extent of representation and participa-tion in local governance of non-government sections. The non-government sector, the

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civil society and the people’s organizations actively participate in the governments programs and projects. They are properly represented in public consultations, espe-cially in matters of policy formulation and program implementation. The NGOs/POs are very well represented even in the Local Development Council.

c. Vertical and horizontal linkages of the LGU with other government agencies. There is relatively weak horizontal and vertical linkage. However, efforts are being un-dertaken to strengthen linkages between and among national government agencies.

In the planning processes, vertical link-ages are carried through the Regional Development Council and the NEDA Re-gional Office, with policy inputs provided by means of the Regional Development Plans, Regional Physical Framework Plans, Regional Development Investment Plans, the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan and the National Framework for Physi-cal Planning.

In the Municipal Planning and Develop-ment Offices, inputs from their Comprehen-sive Land Use Plans and other Local Devel-opment Plans coming from the Barangay Development Plans are integrated into the provincial plans. From the line agencies’ Technical Working Groups (TWGs), the inputs of the national line agencies are also integrated in the overall development framework of the province.

Horizontal linkages may be forward and/or backward. Forward linkages with the Provincial Finance Committee provide pro-grams/projects/activities as inputs to the in-vestment programming process. Backward linkage with the Provincial Department Heads and their Monitoring and Evaluation Units provide feedback and other inputs for revision or replanning.

As a whole, the process goes back and forth, with national and regional plans and policies guiding provincial and other local plans while receiving feedback and input from the province.

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Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and HungerTarget 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day.

A. STATUS AND TRENDS

Proportion of Population Below Poverty Threshold

Results of the 2006 CBMS survey conduct-

ed in the province of Siquijor reveal that the proportion of population living below the poverty threshold in the province was 58.8 percent or an equivalent of 48,030 persons. Out of the 48,030, 24,442 were males and 23,588 were females. More males than females live below the poverty threshold. Comparison by rural and urban categories showed that there were more rural people living below poverty threshold than those in

Part 2. Status Report on the Millennium

Development Goals

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urban areas. On the other hand, the munici-palities of Enrique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria and San Juan had higher proportions of population living below poverty threshold than the province. Larena had the lowest proportion at 44.9 percent while Lazi had the highest at 75.9 percent.

In all six municipalities, only Enrique Vil-lanueva had a lower male than female proportion at 63.9 and 65.5 percent, re-spectively. The other five municipalities dis-closed higher male to female proportions. All the six municipalities disclosed higher rural than urban proportions of the popula-tion below poverty threshold.

Comparing across municipalities, the mu-

nicipalities of Larena and Siquijor registered lower proportions of the population below poverty threshold at 44.9 percent and 48.1 percent, respectively than the province. This may be due to the fact that Larena and Siquijor have more employment oppor-tunities than the rest of the municipalities. Aside from being the commercial and trade centers in the province, these two munici-palities have colleges and therefore varied small business activities related to board and lodging facilities, internet cafes, and sale of food items, among others.

Meanwhile, Lazi has every opportunity to have a lower proportion of population living below poverty threshold because it has bigger areas for farming and they

Figure 11. Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Poverty Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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threshold at 44.1 percent was registered compared with females at 42.6 percent. With regard to urbanity, the proportion of the population living below the food thresh-old in the rural areas is higher than in the urban areas.

Data in the municipalities showed that the same municipalities of Larena (29.2%) and Siquijor (30.3%) had recorded lesser percentage than the province in terms of this indicator. Thus, the proportions of popula-tion living below the food threshold in these places are relatively lower than that of the province. Again, the municipalities of En-rique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria and San Juan had higher proportions of the population living below food threshold than the pro-vincial figure, with Lazi again posting the highest percentage at 64 percent.

As to sex, the proportion of males living

below the food threshold is higher than the females in the five municipalities of Larena, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor. It is only in Enrique Villanueva where the proportion of females to males is higher at 52.8 percent as against 51.4 percent.

are privileged to have received the most number of government implemented socio-economic projects. However, ac-cording to the MLGOO and MPDC, they believed that the high poverty result ob-tained in Lazi may be due mainly to the people’s belief and attribute that when government conducts survey especially concerning the plight of the poor constitu-ents, the end result would be that there will be financial assistance and funding and that big projects will be released to them and so they would respond to questions that would categorize them as poor. So the seriousness of the answers would be affected by what they presumed would be the end result. On the other hand, others say that the problem may be in the encod-ing which somewhat affect the truthfulness and faithfulness of the responses.

Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold

The population in the province living be-low the food threshold is 43.3 percent or a total of 35,357 in magnitude. A higher percentage of males living below the food

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Poverty Gap

Table 28 shows the poverty gap or the mean distance separating the population from the poverty line. The poverty gap of the

province is 0.3. The municipalities of Larena and Siquijor have a poverty gap figure of 0.2, which is 0.1 lower than the provincial figure. Lazi again has the highest at 0.5 while Enrique Villanueva has 0.4 and Maria and San Juan both have 0.3. The relatively high poverty gap in Lazi as compared to other municipalities in Siquijor poses a great challenge to the local government unit. With the proper implementation of anti-poverty projects, especially skills and development activities, it would still be possible to lower the poverty gap.

Figure 12. Map on Proportion of Population Living Below Food Threshold, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Figure 13. Map of Poverty Gap Ratio, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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Target 1B. Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Employment Rate

Survey results for 2006 indicated that employment ra te in the prov ince i s 82.0 percent or a magnitude of 26,889. Meanwhile, the urban-rural distribution showed that of the total labor force liv-ing in the urban areas, 75.9 percent were employed. On the other hand, employ-ment rate in the rural areas is higher at 80.7 percent.

The municipality of San Juan posted the highest employment rate among all municipalities in Siquijor (84.0%), fol-lowed by Enrique Villanueva (83.0%). Although there is relatively high employ-ment, poverty is still felt by most of the households as evidenced by the high proportion of households living below the poverty threshold. Some possible reasons are the nature of employment and the amount of wages received. Wages in Siquijor are very much lower than the minimum wage. Most jobs are agriculture-related and are therefore seasonal in nature.

Figure 14. Map on Employment Rate, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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The proportion of males employed vis-à-vis females is higher in all six municipali-ties. The municipality with the biggest dis-parity in the proportion of male to female employment was Lazi with 85.5 percent for males versus 70.1 percent for females. This is because the females usually stay in the house to care for the family while the males go out to work.

Target 1C. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Proportion of Population who Experienced Food Shortage

The proportion of the population who experienced food shortage was 3.6 per-

cent based on the 2006 CBMS survey or an equivalent of 2,913 persons. About 3.7 percent of males and 3.5 percent of females experienced food shortage during the refer-ence period. More households in the rural areas (3.5%) experienced food shortage as compared with those in the urban areas (2.7%).

Across municipalities, three municipalities had proportions lower than the province, namely, Siquijor (1.7%), San Juan (3.2%) and Lazi (0.7%). The rest had proportions higher than the provincial record, namely, Larena (4.1%), Maria (7.8%) and Enrique Villanueva (9.3%). The latter has the highest proportion of the population who experi-enced food shortage.

Figure 15. Map of Proportion of Population Who Experienced Food Shortage By Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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As mentioned earlier, Lazi had the lowest percentage of population who experienced food shortage. This seems to be inconsistent and diffi cult to explain given the fact that the municipality recorded the highest percentage of population living below poverty threshold and food threshold. One explanation offered by MPDO and MLGOO of Lazi is that the house-holds really did not experience food shortage during the reference period, as they were able to eat three square meals a day and did not skip any meal. However, the kind of food they consumed may just be simple staple like rice or corn with viand or no viand at all.

Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 years of Age

In the province, the proportion of under-weight children under 5 years of age was

2.3 percent or an equivalent of 158 children. The proportion of underweight among male children under 5 years was 2.3 percent while for the female, the proportion was 2.2 percent.

As to urban and rural distribution of un-derweight children under 5 years of age, the proportion was 2.6 percent for urban areas and 2.2 percent for rural, indicating that there were more underweight children under 5 years of age in the urban areas than in the rural areas.

In Maria, there was no prevalence of un-derweight children below 5 years of age. It is followed by Lazi with a prevalence rate of less than 1 (0.8%), and then, Enrique Villan-ueva (1.4%), San Juan (2.1%) and Siquijor

Figure 16. Map of Prevalence of Underweight Children Under 5 Years of Age By, Municipality, Siquijor, 2006g p g g y, p y, q j ,

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(2.2%). Larena has the highest prevalence of underweight children under 5 years of age at 6.7 percent. However, it is still way below the national standard of 24 percent. There is, however, no regional target.

B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

Topping the provincial government’s devel-opment agenda is the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger among the Siquijodnons.

1. Increase agricultural production

It is the government’s policy to exhaust all measures to ensure that the average Siquijodnon has F-A-I-T-H, meaning “Food Always In The Home” as well as substantial livelihood opportunities. Hence, the gov-ernment pours more funds in the agriculture sector in order that programs, projects and activities are implemented to increase ag-ricultural production, especially on basic staples such as rice, corn, vegetables and other high value commercial crops. This is over and above the national programs implemented by the national government. Another program includes livestock and native poultry production because native poultry commands a high price in the mar-ket and said native breed is abundant in Siquijor.

Vegetable production tops in all agricul-ture production programs. It was started in 2008 with a budget of P800,000 and an ini-tial number of cooperators of 76 elementary and secondary schools. In 2009, the bud-get was increased to P1.5 million and the coverage expanded to include 4 primary schools and 90 barangays. Dubbed as OS-FUA, the program “Optimizing Sustainable

Food Upliftment Alternatives” is expected to reach out to all the 134 barangays in the province and it is hoped that after 2010, all these 134 barangays will participate in the program where the adopters will be pro-vided with complete garden implements and tools, organic/inorganic fertilizers, and pinakbet package seeds. Aside from en-suring food in the home, the program also allows them to earn more income.

Another program, the fishery develop-ment program, includes aquaculture pro-duction and freshwater/brackish water fish production. It is primarily aimed at increas-ing incomes for the populace.

2. Provide skills training

Skills training programs are also being conducted by different agencies of govern-ment like Technical Education and Skills De-velopment Authority (TESDA), Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), Depart-ment of Agriculture (DA), Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) and other institu-tions in order to provide the population with important skills to engage in small business and livelihood opportunities.

3.Introduce substantial livelihood opportunitiesThere are also funds for livelihood/capi-

tal assistance for small-time entrepreneurs that are interest-free and collateral-free to really encourage business operation. This fund assistance had been loaned out to enterprising cooperatives. In 2009, P1.0 million was appropriated, benefiting 4 co-operatives with a total membership of 260.

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4. Develop tourism

Tourism is also giving additional income to the people. It is even considered the island’s economic driver. In fact, Siquijor province has been declared as a Marine Reserve and Tourist Zone under Proclama-tion No. 1810.

5. Infuse funds for employment developmentassistance / conduct jobs fairs

Another loan facility which the provincial government also opened for Overseas Filipino Workers was the OFW Assistance Fund which had been operating since 2004. Many Siquijodnons have been helped by this program.

6.Nutrition program / supplemental feeding

The province, in coordination with the Department of Social Welfare and Devel-opment (DSWD), the Department of Health (DOH), and civic organizations jointly implement the Nutrition/Feeding program.

7. Aid to individuals during crisis situations

The DSWD, in coordination with the Provincial Government, provides funds to individuals as assistance during times of crisis situations.

8. Self – Employment Assistance (SEA – K)

This is also a DWD’s program which aims to provide the poor and disadvantaged sector of the society with timely access to credit and development opportunities.

C. CHALLENGES

As in all government programs, the chal-lenge is in the sustainability of the programs. The attitude of the Filipinos known as “nin-gas cogon” is a threat to the sustainability of any program, whether government-ini-tiated or privately implemented. Constant monitoring and evaluation has to be made part of the overall program.

Another big challenge is the fulfillment of Goal I, which is to reduce the proportion of the people living in extreme poverty by half by 2015. The goals of achieving a 50 percent reduction in the proportion of the population experiencing food shortage and also a 50 percent reduction in the preva-lence of underweight children are also big challenges to overcome.

Information is power. Hence, the chal-lenge is to provide important and correct information to the province’s constituents. The impact of global warming and climate change on agriculture must also be widely disseminated and ways to mitigate the adverse effects must be properly planned.

Tourism is considered as an economic driver for the island province of Siquijor. The development activities that are currently being undertaken to increase tourist traffic and thereby increase economic activities in the province include the following:

1. Construction of a view deck tower and wellness center at the Bandilaan Mountain Resort (the highest mountain in the prov-ince).

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2. Organization of a healing festival every Holy Week season

3. Construction of a leisure and recreation spa in the barangays of Minalulan and Liloan in Maria. This is a private business development venture.

4. Development of outdoor recreation facilities like mountain treks, wall climbs, and the like.

The provincial and municipal LGUs need to access funds to implement all these proj-ects. Most importantly, there must be politi-cal will among the province’s top officials.

Food Always In The Home (FAITH)Program FAITH is considered

to be the province’s most eff ec-tive way to combat poverty and hunger. Under this program is the OSFUA project. Basically, this project helped the students and their families in providing for their basic needs in the homes as well as in the school.

Th e produced vegetables in the schools are sold by the students and the proceeds are being shared

through the following scheme:1. 40 percent for supplementary feeding2. 25 percent for garden maintenance3. 20 percent for the pupil’s share4. 10 percent for administrative funds5. 5 percent for the school clinic

Th e program has helped the parents because instead of providing for their chidren’s school needs, funds have been provided for them. At the barangay level, the program has clearly led to the improved income of the constituents and to the nutrition of the children.

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Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Education

Target 2A. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

A. STATUS AND TRENDS

Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old Enrolled in Elementary Education

The proportion of children aged 6-12 years old enrolled in elementary education is 80.0 percent and the proportion of males against females is almost the same and the difference is actually very negligible. Even in the distribution of these children in the urban and rural areas, there is just a very slight difference. This means that educa-tion services have really reached the rural barangays.

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Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 Years Old Enrolled in High School

For the proportion of children aged 13-16 years old enrolled in high school, the pro-vincial statistics showed that 70.1 percent of all children aged 13-16 years old are enrolled in high school. Of this figure, 66 percent are males and 74.1 percent, fe-males. In high school, more females enroll than males. The Filipino culture is such that the males are encouraged to pursue higher education because they will be the future heads of families and breadwinners. But for this particular indicator, the proportion

of males to females aged 13-16 years old enrolled in high school is 66.0 percent ver-sus 74.1 percent for females, indicating that more females are enrolled in high school than males. This may be explained by the fact that males in this age bracket 13-16 years old are already capable of getting jobs albeit their being menial and low-paying jobs. As to urbanity, 71.4 percent come from the urban areas and only 69.9 percent from the rural areas. This could be explained by the fact that most high schools are in the poblacions. The difference be-tween the actual enrollees from the urban and rural areas, however, is not very high.

Figure 17. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-12 Years Old in Elementary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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This is due to the fact that there are already barangay national high schools spread in the rural barangays.

Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old Enrolled in School

The proportion of children aged 6-16 years old enrolled in school is 91.0 percent, with the males’ proportion at 89.3 percent and the females’ at 92.6 percent. Overall, there are less males than females attending

school. This is because males usually look for work to help in augmenting the family income. In terms of location, 91.8 percent of children 6-16 years old in urban areas were not attending school while and 90.8 percent was recorded in the rural areas.

Literacy Rate of 15-24 Year-Olds

Simple literacy rate is measured in terms of the percentage of the population who can read, write and understand simple

Figure 18. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 13-16 Years Old in High School, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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messages in any language or dialect. The province’s literacy rate for those aged 15-24 years old was high at 98.7 percent per the 2006 CBMS survey results. Municipal-ity results revealed that the best performer was Siquijor with 99.3 percent, followed by San Juan with 99.0 percent and Enrique Villanueva with 98.9 percent. These three municipalities have rates higher than the province. The bottom three were Lazi with 98.6 percent, Larena with 98.3 percent and, Maria with 97.5 percent. Generally, the pro-portion literate among males is higher than among females in this age bracket.

B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

The policies and programs currently im-plemented by the Department of Education (DepEd) to ensure that all children of school age are in school are:

1. Enrollment campaign during PTCA meetings and barangay assemblies. The DepEd officials during PTCA meetings and barangay assemblies explain to the par-ents that the government is very concerned about the education of children and that is

Figure 19. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 6-16 Years Old in School by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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have stopped schooling for sometime are ashamed to get back to school in their old age. Hence, they are being encouraged to take placement tests so they can pursue higher years in school.

3. Mapping Program (surveying school-aged children who are continuing school and those who are school leavers). This would really help determine where these out-of-school children are so that it would be easy tracking them and encouraging them to go back to school.

4. Drop-out reduction program for sec-ondary level. This aims to reduce drop-outs among children in the secondary level.

why it offers free public elementary and high school education. They also explain that parents are held liable by the government if their school-aged children 6-16 years old are not in school.

This is an important activity because many parents especially in the far-flung barangays do not recognize the relevance of education in the future of their children. People are not motivated to do things if they do not understand why these things have to be done. It is in line with this that teachers campaign for education.

2. Encouraging over-aged students to take PEPT examination. Some children who

Figure 20. Map of Literacy Rate of the Population 15-24 Year-Olds by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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5. Project Reach - this aims to reach all children of elementary and secondary school.

On the part of the provincial government, the first phase of OSFUA was implemented to give the school children additional in-come while attending school. The expan-sion of the beneficiaries to include parents in the barangays was for the intention of having additional family income plus more food on the table.

Increasing the incomes of parents so that they are able to afford sending their school aged children to school is always consid-ered a very important program thrust of government. It is the overarching policy framework and it cuts across all sectoral reforms.

The Provincial LGU also implements a Special Program for the Employment of Students (SPES) wherein all school chil-dren aged 15-25 years old who belong to indigent families are attending school and are willing to enroll in the next school year can be employed during summer for 20 days per student so that they will have money for enrollment. Furthermore, another program implemented was the

Special Education (SpEd) for Impaired School-aged children.

C. CHALLENGES

The challenge would be financial on the part of the teacher implementing these ad-vocacies because advocacy efforts really require funding. In terms of policy formula-tion, the Sanggunian, as records indicate, has little knowledge on education policy formulation.

Entrepreneurial skills among parents of school children may have to be developed in order that they will have finances to en-sure that the children are provided with their school needs. The Local School Board may have to conduct a capability program among its local policymakers.

There is also a need to improve the quality of education so that the schools may pro-duce what the industries need. This refers to the “job-matching” aspect. Improvement of school facilities and provision of simple school amenities and school supplies to indigent school children is also necessary. Increase of teachers’ salaries may also be advocated.

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Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality

A. STATUS AND TRENDS

Target 3A. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education

In the entire province, the ratio of girls to boys in primary education is 0.94. This means that there are less girls in the primary education than boys. In fact, on the average, there were about 94 girls

for every 100 boys who are enrolled in primary education.

As can be seen in the results, five of the six municipalities had records showing that there were less girls than boys in primary education as evidenced by the proportions which were less than one (1) in the munici-palities of Enrique Villanueva (0.97), Larena (0.94), Siquijor (0.93), Lazi (0.90) and Maria (0.90). Only the municipality of San Juan had a ratio of 1.05 which indicated that there were more girls in primary education than boys.

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Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education

Provincial results indicated that the ratio of girls to boys in secondary education was 1.03 which means that there were more girls than boys in secondary education. Results

also showed that the ratio in the urban ar-eas (0.98) is slightly lower than in the rural areas (1.03). This means that while there were less girls enrolled in secondary edu-cation in the urban areas, more girls we enrolled in the rural areas.

Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary EducationIn the province, the ratio of girls to boys in

tertiary education is 1.05 which means that there were more girls in tertiary education than boys. Meanwhile, the ratio of girls to boys in urban and rural areas were 1.02 and 1.06, respectively, which also indicates a higher number of girls in tertiary education both in urban and in rural areas.

Among all municipalities, Enrique Villan-ueva has the lowest ratio of girls to boys (i.e., 0.75) which also indicates that there were less girls than boys in tertiary educa-tion in this municipality. Urban areas had a ratio of 0.65 while rural areas had a ratio of 0.77. There were less girls than boys in tertiary education in both urban and rural areas in this municipality with urban areas recording a lower ratio (i.e., 0.65) as com-pared to rural areas (i.e., 0.77) .

Figure 21. Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Primary Education by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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The municipality with the biggest ratio of girls to boys in tertiary education was Maria (1.33). It may also be important to note that the ratios in the urban and rural areas are also highest which indicate that girls are more bent in pursuing tertiary education. This observation could be due to the fact that the boys stop school as early as upon completion of secondary education and go out to find work in order to help get income for their family’s needs. In addition, one of the reasons why there are more girls in ter-tiary education could also be attributed to the fact that even married women are now able to get back to school with the presence of a State College in Siquijor.

Figure 22. Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Secondary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Figure 23. Map of Ratio of Girls to Boys in Tertiary Education, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15-24 years old)

At the provincial level, the ratio of liter-ate females to males was 0.90 which in-dicates that there are less literate females than males. However, if disaggregated by urbanity, the ratio was 1.05 in urban areas and 0.88 in rural areas. This showed that in urban areas, more female literates are seen than male literates while the opposite is true in the rural areas. This may be explained by the fact that most women in the urban areas are more eager to learn and earn a degree because of what they see and hear in their community and in the radio and television which is not necessarily true for most women in the rural areas who are content with fam-ily and are more held by strong family ties.

The ratios of literate females to males in the five municipalities of Enrique Villanueva, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor are less than 1. It is only in Larena where the ratio is greater than 1 (i.e., 1.03). These results give an indication that there were less lit-erate females than males in Enrique Villan-ueva, Lazi, Maria, San Juan and Siquijor while, more literate females were recorded in Larena.

Proportion of Elective Seats held by Women in Municipalities and Province

The proportion of seats held by women in the province was 27.0 percent. Among all the municipalities, Maria had the big-gest proportion of seats being held by women at 35.4 percent, followed by Lar-ena with 33.5 percent and Enrique Vil-lanueva (32.1). The proportion is smallest in Lazi at 21.7 percent. In the province of Siquijor, political affairs are being con-trolled mostly by men.

Figure 24. Map of Ratio of Literate Females to Males (15-24 Years Old), by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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C. CHALLENGES

1. Functionalize Gender and Develop-ment (GAD) Focal Point. The biggest chal-lenge is to activate and functionalize the GAD Focal Point.

2. Formulation of GAD Plan/Code. The province has yet to formulate by law the GAD Plan and Code but it believes that all the development projects that it has imple-mented under the 20 percent Development Fund and even from the General Fund are GAD-related projects.

3. Allocating 5 percent of the annual bud-get for GAD. While the province recognizes the need to allocate the 5 percent GAD-mandated budget from its annual provincial budget, it also realizes that said amount will eat up much of its yearly budget.

4. Mainstreaming GAD into the PDPFP. The challenge therefore is on how to really institutionalize the GAD into the mainstream of development.

B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

The Provincial Government encouraged the organization of women groups espe-cially those that advocate for equal access of women and men in the workplace, and equal opportunities to participate and get involved in political governance. In particu-lar, more women are being encouraged to join Local Special Bodies. Women are taught and empowered to assert their rights and fight for their dignity. Information and advocacy efforts are being encouraged to protect women’s and children’s rights.

Figure 25. Proportion of Elective Seats held by Women in Municipalities and Province

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Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Target 4A. Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

A. Status And Trends

Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died

The proportion of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old who died to the total number of children in this age bracket was 0.4 percent. The proportion was 0.3 percent among males and 0.4 percent among females. In rural ar-

eas, 0.4 percent of children aged 0 to less than 5 years old died while there were no reported death cases among this group of children in the in the urban areas.

As to municipal performance, the pro-portion of children’s deaths aged 0 to less than 5 years old was highest in Maria at 0.7 percent while Lazi had no reported cases of death among children of the same age group. The proportion of male deaths was highest in San Juan (0.7%), while the highest proportion of female deaths was recorded in Maria (0.9%).

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Proportion of Infants Who Died

The proportion of infant deaths to the total number of infants in the province was 1.5 percent. About 1.4 percent of male infants died while 1.6 percent of female infants died during the reference period. Among all the

municipalities, Maria had the highest pro-portion of infant deaths at 3.4 percent, fol-lowed by Larena (2.2%), San Juan (2.2%) and Siquijor (0.7%). No infant deaths were reported in Enrique Villanueva and Lazi.

Figure 26. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 0 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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The highest incidence of male infant deaths was recorded in San Juan (3.4%) while the highest incidence of female in-fant deaths was in Maria (3.7%). No infant deaths were recorded in urban areas. All cases of infant deaths occurred in the rural areas, with Maria getting the highest pro-portion at 4.0 percent.

Figure 27. Map of Proportion of Infants Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Proportion of Children Aged 1 toLess Than 5 Years Who Died

Table 37 shows that the proportion of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old who died to the total number of children aged 1 to less than 5 years old was 0.1 percent. Deaths among children in this age

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group were recorded only in the rural areas. Among all the municipalities, the propor-tion was highest in San Juan (0.3%) while no deaths were recorded among children aged 1 to less than 5 years old in Lazi.

Figure 28. Map of Proportion of Children Aged 1 to Less Than 5 Years Old Who Died, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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Goal 5: Improve Maternal HealthTarget 5.A: Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

A. Status And Trends

Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy-Related Causes

The number of women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes in the province was 3. In proportion to the total number of pregnant women provincewide, it was 0.3 percent. Furthermore, the proportion of women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes was 0.9 percent in the urban areas and 0.2 percent in the rural areas. Women deaths due to pregnancy-related causes were recorded only in the municipalities of Larena (2) and Maria (1).

Although the proportion of maternal deaths in the province was low, problems still exist. Poor health-seeking behavior, and certain beliefs and practices of preg-nant clients have caused such problems. Most of the birth deliveries, for one, still take place at home despite massive campaigns to have facility- based child deliveries. This was primarily due to the lack of accredited birthing facilities in the municipalities in the whole island. Other considerations would be financial which force mothers to deliver at home. Some traditions or rituals that were being practiced by the mothers and their families also prevented them from de-livering in the hospital. Inspite of a memo-randum circular from the DOH regulating the functions of hilots, they still continue to assist in child deliveries registering about 1 percent of deliveries in 2007. Trained hilots

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attended to 3 percent of the deliveries while 12 percent were attended to by doctors. A great portion (i.e., about 87%) of the deliveries, were performed by midwives at home. Most of the infant deaths were due to prenatal complications. It is important to note that: (1) there is no BEmONC facil-ity in the province; (2) Siquijor Provincial Hospital has yet to be accredited as a CE-mONC facility, though it has the capability to perform caesarian section; (3) there is no MPC-accredited RHUs; (4) there are no birthing facilities at the BHS; and (5) private sector collaboration has not been estab-lished. Thus, in 2009, the province was

working at securing funds for the upgrading and construction of identified health facili-ties, hiring of personnel and procurement of equipment, devices, medicines, supplies, among others.

In 2008, the low quality of prenatal care and post partum care were mainly due to the low supply of Vitamin A and ferrous sulfate with folic acid for pregnant mothers. Moreover, low utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services is also due to the lack of or having the wrong information. The risks and benefits associated with antenatal care need to be effectively explained to mothers

Figure 29. Map of Proportion of Women Deaths Due to Pregnancy- Related Causes, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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such that it will encourage them to prioritize ANC visits.

With the adoption of the Provincewide Integrated Plan for Health for Siquijor in 2009, it is hoped that the province’s in-frastructures, especially for health, will be funded and implemented.

B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

The Provincial Government, through the Integrated Provincial Health Office

(IPHO), is undertaking the following pro-grams:

1. Family Planning as part of the con-tinuum of Maternal Newborn Child Health Care & Nutrition (MNCHN). The benefits that family planning offer to the adopters of this method cannot be over emphasized. With proper child phasing, health risks of mothers could be minimized and deaths prevented.

2. Full implementation of facility-based delivery to all pregnant mothers. As of the present, only the municipality of Larena has that facility and caters only to the pregnant women in the municipality.

3. Continuing advocacy to mothers to complete their prenatal and post-natal care.

4. Capability building of health personnel on the different aspects of safe motherhood and family planning.

5. Upgrading of health facilities for Ma-

ternity Care Package especially in the rural health centers.

6. Provision of quality micronutrient sup-plements and supplies in the rural health centers for pregnant mothers.

C. CHALLENGES

1. The primary challenge is to have ad-equate/sufficient funds in order to imple-ment programs that would address the concerns relating to women deaths relat-ed to pregnancy. The need to improve ac-cess to and utilization of critical maternal health, family planning and other health care services through behavior change interventions and enhancement of health systems deemed necessary in improving maternal, newborn and child health and nutrition requires massive information and education campaign.

2. The health workers also need to be equally capacitated and become knowl-edgeable advocates. They need extensive training.

3. Upgrading of the 6 Rural Health Units for Maternity Care Package (MPC).

4. Upgrading of Lazi Medicare Commu-nity Hospital as Basic Emergency Obstetri-cal Neonatal Care (BEMONC) facility and the Siquijor Provincial Hospital as Com-prehensive Emergency Obstetrical Care (CEMONC) facility.

5. Securing of funds for the expansion of the National Health Insurance System for all indigent families.

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Target 6.C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

A. Status And Trends

Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis

The province recorded 22 deaths associ-ated with tuberculosis. This translates to about 27 deaths per 100,000 population. Deaths associated with tuberculosis in the

urban areas was about 10 per 100,000 population which is lower as compared to the rate in rural areas (i.e., 14 per 100,000 population).At the municipality level, most of the deaths related to tuberculosis were recorded in the rural areas. The highest death rate among rural areas was record-ed in Siquijor (52 per 100,000 population). Considering all households in both urban and rural areas, the municipality of Siqui-jor still registered the highest proportion of tuberculosis-associated deaths at 49 per 100,000 population, while Lazi has the lowest at about 6 per 100,000 population.

Goal 6: Combat HIV/ AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

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B. CURRENT POLICIES AND PROGRAMS

1. Full implementation of the quality as-surance system for operation microscopy.

2. Creation of the TB Diagnostic Com-mittee.

3. Strict observance of the National Tuber-culosis Program Treatment Protocol.

4. Accreditation of all rural health units as TB-Directly Observed Treatment Services (TB-DOTS)

5. Advocacy and Information, Education and Communication (IEC) programs

6. Indigency Program of the National Health Insurance Program

Figure 30. Map of Prevalence and Death Rates Associated with Tuberculosis, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

C. CHALLENGES

1. The need to establish a Tuberculosis Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (TBDOTS) room and a Tuberculosis Micros-copy Laboratory

2. Training of newly hired health person-nel to capacitate them in the detection of tuberculosis cases.

3. The importance of correct information on the TB Program.

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Goal 7: Ensure Environmental Sustainability

Target 7.A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of environmental resources

A. STATUS AND TRENDS

Proportion of Land with Forest Cover

The province of Siquijor has a total land area of 31,812.985 hectares. Of this, 1,160.442 hectares or 3.7 percent

are covered with forest. Disaggrega-t ion by munic ipal i ty i s presented in Table 46. The munic ipal i ty of Maria (7.5%) had the largest forest covers among all municipalit ies in the prov-ince, fol lowed by Larena (3.9%). This may be due to the fact that Maria and Larena have private tree farm opera-tors in their respective municipalit ies. In Larena, the LGU also operates its own tree farm under the management of the Municipal Agricultural Office.

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Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water

About 95.3 percent of households in the province had access to safe drinking water. Meanwhile, the proportion of the popula-tion with access to safe drinking water to the total provincial population was 95.1 percent. About 95.0 percent and 95.2 per-cent of the male and female population, respectively had access to safe drinking water. In terms of urbanity, the figure was higher in urban areas (96.6%) than in rural areas (95.1%). This means that there were more people in the urban areas than in the rural areas who had access to safe drink-ing water.

For the individual municipal performanc-es, the data show that Enrique Villanueva had the highest proportion of households

who had access to safe drinking water at 99.6 percent. The capital town of Siquijor placed second at 97.8 percent, followed by Lazi which had a proportion of 95.9 percent. These three municipalities registered higher proportions than the province.

Enrique Villanueva operates its own wa-ter system. It was also a recipient of the KALAHI-CIDSS project which implemented projects such as the construction of water facilities. Siquijor and Lazi are under the Lo-cal Water Utilities Administration (LWUA)–Metro Siquijor Water District but only in barangays near the poblacion area.

On the other hand, the 3 municipalities of Maria (94.3%), Larena (94.1%) and San Juan (90.3%) had proportions lower than the provincial figure of 95.3 percent. Maria and San Juan are also under the LWUA while Larena operates its own water system as an economic enterprise. At pres-ent, Larena is improving its water system through a loan facility with the Land Bank of the Philippines so that it can service its consumers better.

Figure 31. Proportion of Land with Forest Cover, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2010

Source: DENR Siquijor Provincial Office

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Proportion of Households/Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facility

A total of 16,243 households in the prov-ince or 84.2 percent have access to sanitary toilet facility. The proportion of households with access to sanitary toilets in the urban areas was 92.8 percent while the proportion in the rural areas was 83.0 percent. This is an

indication that there were more households with access to sanitary toilets in the urban areas than in the rural places.

The municipality with the highest percent-age of population with access to sanitary toilet facility was Larena (93.5%), while the municipality with the lowest access was Lazi (73.5%)

Figure 32. Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Safe Drinking Water, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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Proportion of Households/Population who are Informal Settlers

The proport ion of households and population who are informal settlers in the province was 1.3 percent or a total of 253 households with 1,095 population. The proportion of households in the urban and rural areas who are informal settlers were both 1.3 percent.

Among the municipalities, San Juan had the highest percentage of informal set-tlers at 2.3 percent while Siquijor had the lowest at 0.6 percent. One of the reasons why San Juan had the highest number of informal settlers is that this area is a fish-ing ground and most of the fishermen from nearby Mindanao come to San Juan to settle there temporarily.

Figure 33. Map of Proportion of Population with Access to Sanitary Toilet Facilities, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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Proportion of Households/Population Who Live in Makeshift Housing

In the prov ince, the proport ion of households who live in makeshift hous-ing was 3.9 percent or 749 households.

In terms of the population, the propor-tion was 3.4 percent. While only 2.4 percent of the households in the urban areas were living in makeshift housing, about 4.1 percent was recorded for rural households.

Figure 34. Proportion of Households/Population who are Informal Settlers

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Proportion of Households/Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions

The proportion of households in the prov-ince who live in inadequate housing condi-tions was 22.9 percent or 4,415 households,

which are mostly found in the rural areas as shown in Table 31. The highest proportion was in Lazi (31.1%), followed by San Juan (30.2%), Maria (25.3%), Siquijor (17.3%), Larena (15.1%) and Enrique Villanueva

Figure 35. Map of Proportion of Population who are Living in Makeshift Housing, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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(12.2%). These households were mostly in the rural areas. Those who live in the rural areas are mostly farmers and fisherfolks who do not have enough income to build decent homes and who do not have much access to basic necessity.

B. Current Policies and Programs

The Sangguniang Panlalawigan had passed and adopted the Siquijor Envi-ronmental Code of 2008 which provided,

among others, the implementation of reforestation programs and projects to ensure that there are continued planting activities, especially in the watershed and denuded areas. Forest protection activities are also undertaken so that illegal cutting of trees, and slash-and-burn activities are prevented.

To address global warming and climate change, a project “Tree Nursery in Every Barangay” was launched to provide a

Figure 36. Map of Population Living in Inadequate Living Conditions, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

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steady supply of planting materials. This would increase the forest cover and more importantly, the water supply.

The provincial government vigorously implements projects with focus on the improvement and development of the water systems. Funds come from the 20 percent Development Fund and from the PDAF of the province’s congressman. At least 15 percent of the 20 percent De-velopment Fund is allocated every year for the repair/rehabilitation/expansion of water supply coverage. Most proj-ects implemented are on construction of water tanks, installation of submersible pumps, provision of polyethylene pipes for assistance to household connections, and installation of shallow tube wells and artesian wells.

To address the problem of access to sanitary toilet facility, the province also al-located funds for the procurement of toilet bowls, including materials to ensure that the toilet bowls are installed. The beneficiaries are the indigent families identified by the So-

cial Welfare and Development Office.4.The province benefits from the Integrated Coastal Resource Management Program of the Government which addresses both the conservation and preservation aspects of coastal resources, and the livelihood and enterprise development component for the improvement of the conditions of the popu-lation living in the coastal areas.

C. CHALLENGES

The province is faced with the challenges of tapping the available water resources in the island and of coming up with a viable island water system that would be able to provide sufficient water to all residents. With the water problem solved, the other prob-lems related to it like sanitation will likewise be eventually solved.

However, there are not enough experts in the province who could make a project design for an island water development system. Moreover, the province does not have the funds to hire a consultant for this.

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Target 8. F: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

A. Status And Trends

Proportion of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines

Based in the record of telephone compa-nies operating in Siquijor (including TMSI/PLDT, Globe, and Smart Communication.), the proportion of households in the prov-ince with land lines/telephone lines was 4.1

percent or 719 households. Larena (17.2%) had the highest proportion of households with land lines while the municipalities of Enrique Villanueva and Maria had no land-line connections.

Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Source: CBMS Survey 2006

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Proportion of Households with Cellphones

The proportion of households with cell-phones in the province was 68.8 percent representing 11,945 households. The municipality with the highest proportion is Siquijor (81.0%), followed by Larena (72.0%). At the bottom is Enrique Villanueva with an estimate of only 50.0 percent.

Figure 37. Map of Households with Landline/Telephone Lines, by Municipality, Province of Siquijor, 2006

Figure 38. Map of Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006Figure 38. Map of Proportion of Households with Cellphones, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Source: CBMS Survey 2006

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Proportion of Households with Computers

The proportion of households with com-puters is 6.0 percent which is equivalent to 1,042 households. Larena had the highest proportion of households with computers at 10.4 percent or 250 households. Again, the lowest proportion is recorded in Enrique Vil-lanueva with 2.1 percent or 25 households.

Figure 39. Map of Proportion of Households with Computers, by Municipality, Siquijor, 2006

Source: CBMS Survey 2006

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Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger is an enormous task which every adminis-tration or government faces. More than anything, the problem of poverty and hun-ger is a primary concern that needs to be immediately looked into. This is very much reflected in the province’s priorities, espe-cially in the Economic Development Aspects of its development agenda. Economic De-velopment Sector posted the highest share in terms of budget requirements.

The present provincial administration re-alizes this truth. The Government therefore needs to capacitate and provide capabil-ity interventions to the poor segments of society to enable them to rise above their present “extremely poor conditions” and be able to live decent lives. The programs, projects and activities identified and priori-tized are mostly those that directly provide capabilities and skills to create livelihood opportunities and allow the people to earn incomes.

The rest of the MDGs are achievable once the poor get extra income. Henceforth, the issues on education health, malnutrition,

and maternal care problems may be prop-erly addressed. On primary education, the programs and projects are mainly on the repair/rehabilitation of school buildings and classrooms. The province has enough school buildings and classrooms as well as teachers until 2015. The province’s class-room-pupil ratio is 1:22 while its teacher-pupil ratio is 1:21.

Gender equality issues are best ad-dressed through massive advocacy. With regard to the issue of women having seats in political positions, the province sees to it that women are given equal opportuni-ties but eventually, of course, the will of the electorate will prevail.

Child mortality is actually low in the prov-ince. With massive efforts to convert the 6 RHUs as BeMONC facilities, and strong implementation of child care programs, child mortality will definitely decrease over the years until hopefully, the mortality rate becomes zero in 2015. The same is true with maternal deaths. Implementation of mater-nal health care package will fast-track the reduction of maternal deaths.

Part 3. Meeting the 2015 Challenge

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A. Priority Program and Policy Responses

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B. Financing the MDGs

C.Monitoring Progress Toward the Attainment of the MDGs

By way of monitoring the progress of the attainment of the Millennium Devel-opment Goals (MDGs), the province will conduct in early 2011 the second round of the CBMS Survey. The provincial gov-ernment would have wanted to do the second round this year (2010) but funds have already been fully appropriated for several other programs and projects, necessitating the postponement of the second round.

As in the first round, the municipalities and barangays will be requested to put

up at least some counterpart funds and human resource counterparts. At the same time, the MDG Provincial Team will endorse a proposal to the Provin-cial Development Council to approve the conduct of a CBMS survey every 3 years even after 2015.

The MDG Team wi l l a lso endorse to the Local Development Counci l (LDC) the adopt ion of the CBMS survey re-sul ts as the benchmark data for the province and that they be considered t h e b a s i s f o r t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f pro jects to be implemented in the i r r e spec t i ve ba rangays and mun i c i -pal i t ies.

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The 2006 CBMS Survey proved to be a good and more accurate source of infor-mation on the state of the living conditions of the people of Siquijor considering that it covers all households in the province. The results could be the basis for prioritizing interventions that would help them achieve their MDG targets. For instance, results showed that more than half of the popu-lation in Siquijor lived below the poverty threshold which confirms that there are still many poor residents in the province. Most of them also did not have enough income to meet their basic food needs. Furthermore, the unemployment rate in the province is relatively high (18.0%). Given these, gov-ernment should implement programs that would address poverty, unemployment and hunger that would lead to the attainment of the MDG targets of eradicating extreme poverty. Interventions that would address problems on education and inadequacy of living conditions should also be imple-mented. During program implementation, corruption should also be eradicated so that all things will take their proper places.

The major recommendation for the Provin-cial Government is to prioritize, through the

Provincial Development Council, the fund-ing of the MDG Funding Requirements so that the province can implement all the sug-gested programs and policies that would translate the MDG targets into realities.

The following are some specific recom-mendations based on the results discussed in this report:

1. Exercise of strong political will of the Executive and Legislative. This is particularly in terms of implementing policies that would facilitate the achievement of the MDGS tar-gets. Priorities should be given on sectors which need the interventions based on the available data.

2. Enact policies and ordinances in the LGU that would eliminate corruption. This is very important to ensure that the funds will be judiciously utilized to implement comprehensive basic health care services, undertake viable and profitable livelihood projects. For instance, there should be improvements in the procurement system within the LGUs.

3. Implement agriculture development programs that can be sustained. Given the fact that Siquijor is still predominantly agri-culture-based, with 52.0 percent of its land

Part 4. Conclusion and Recommendations

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devoted to agriculture production (e.g., corn and rice production, coconut produc-tion), agricultural development should be given attention. Although there have been several projects in the past which addressed agricultural development, a common prob-lem is the lack of equity among LGUs in order to sustain the projects. Hence, this should be considered in designing any ag-ricultural development project.

4. Improve revenue generation and col-lection strategies. One of the things that should be done is updating of the Tax Maps, which will reflect the updated valuation of properties which hopes to increase rev-enue collection. Better collection strategies should also be implemented.

5. Improve access to education. It is gen-erally recognized that educational status is directly related to poverty. Hence, address-ing the problems on access to education could help improve the living conditions of the population in the long-run. The reasons for non-enrollment of children should be explored further and the root cause of the problem should be addressed.

6. Create jobs and improve opportunities for employment. This can be done through the conduct of livelihood trainings (e.g., making souvenirs) and seminars (e.g., for tour guides).

7. Improve capabilities and knowledge. This would include trainings that improve computer literacy.

8. Encourage women participation in governance. Aside from participation in elections, women shall be encouraged to become members of the different councils and committees in the province. This shall start by organizing a women’s organiza-tion in the province which advocates equal opportunities for men and women. Mem-bers of the organization could be part of consultative meetings and may even be elected as members of the local councils and committees.

9. Conduct a second round of CBMS survey in the province. The conduct of an-other round of CBMS survey in the province will help assess the impact of government interventions. The data collected will also allow the province to monitor its progress in attaining the MDG goals.

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A. Preparation of Provincial Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) Report Using CBMS Data

1. Background and Justification

The availability of good statistics and the capacity of governments, donors

and international organizations to systematically measure, monitor and

report on progress in all social and economic spheres are at the heart of

development policy and the achievement of the MDGs.

The Millennium Development Goals Report 2007

While progress toward the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is systematically being measured, moni-tored and reported at the national level, clearly, there must be a parallel effort at the local level to bring the MDGs into the main-stream of the local development agenda.

This is especially called for under decen-tralized regimes where local government units (LGUs) are at the forefront of policy

or program execution. Unfortunately, how-ever, national statistical systems have yet to respond adequately to the demand for mi-cro-level statistics that can aid LGUs in their poverty alleviation efforts, as noted in a joint World Bank and Asian Development Bank report, to wit: “the most comprehensive and consistent comparative subnational data (are) is at the regional level although this is simply an administrative level of govern-ment that has no responsibilities for delivery of social services. More data (are) is gradu-ally becoming available at the provincial level, but not at lower levels which are at the frontline of efforts to reduce poverty .”

In response, the Philippine Government has embarked on an initiative to localize the MDGs using the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS). In 2005, the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) issued Resolution No. 6 “recog-nizing and enjoining support to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level that will generate statistics for monitoring and evaluation of

EXPLANATORY TEXT

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development plans, including the progress of the local governments in attaining the Millennium Development Goals.”

Meanwhile, several approaches are be-ing carried out by the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) in capacitating LGUs to contribute to the at-tainment of the MDGs and uplifting the quality of life of their constituents. These interventions are particularly stated in DILG Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 2004-152 “Guide to Local Government Units in the Localization of the MDGs” dated Novem-ber 2004, which provides for the: (a) menu of Programs, Projects and Activities (PPAs) per MDG goal and target to guide LGUs in responding to the MDGs; (b) diagnosis of the local situation using existing local indicators and monitoring system; and (c) call for documentation and replication of good practices.

The CBMS that is being implemented in the Philippines is indeed well-positioned to track progress toward the attainment of the MDGs at the local level. For one, a number of indicators being monitored in the CBMS are included in the indicators for monitor-ing the progress in achieving the MDGs. Moreover, CBMS is intended to be done on a regular basis and can therefore be used for updating MDG indicators and facilitat-ing preparation of regular MDG reports. The CBMS can also be used as basis by national and local governments for costing and identifying appropriate interventions needed to achieve the MDGs as well as for resource allocation. Finally, given the large spatial disparities, the CBMS can help identify where focus has to be given to achieve the targets.

The CBMS’ role in localizing the MDGs was recognized during an Experts Group Meeting on Localizing the MDGs held on November 28, 2006 at the United Na-tions Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UN ESCAP) in Bangkok, Thailand. The Committee on Poverty Reduction composed of 24 na-tion-states agreed that the CBMS could complement the official data collection activities of national statistical offices and improve the availability of the MDG and other indicators at the local level. It also agreed that localizing the MDGs through CBMS would help integrate the goals into the national development strategies. It therefore urged other de-veloping countries to initiate and imple-ment s imi lar innovat ive systems that would help localize the MDGs.

As of May 12, 2010, CBMS is being im-plemented in 59 provinces (32 of which are province-wide), 687 municipalities and 43 cities in the Philippines, cover-ing 17,848 barangays all over the coun-try (see Figure 40). A good number of these LGUs have already consolidated their CBMS databases and are well-positioned to generate their own local MDG Reports. For one thing, CBMS col-lects information that reflects the multi-faceted nature of poverty. In addition, data generated by the CBMS can be broken down by municipal, barangay, purok and even down to the household level, thereby presenting meaningful in-formation and enabling deeper analysis of the poverty situation. Moreover, the CBMS can generate color-coded maps showing the poverty status at each geo-political level.

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2. Objectives

This technical collaboration aims to ca-pacitate nine provincial governments to systematically measure, monitor and report their status with respect to the MDGs. The operative word here is status since the prov-inces used their first round of CBMS data in formulating this report. These provinces include Agusan del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Biliran, Camarines Norte, Eastern Samar, Marinduque, Romblon, Sarangani and Siquijor. The abovementioned provinces were selected since they were among the first LGUs that were able to consolidate their CBMS databases at the provincial level. The CBMS Census was conducted in these provinces between 2005 and 2007 (for detailed information on census years, see Table 56).

In particular, the technical collaboration was carried out to meet the following objectives:

( i) to track the status on the attain-ment of the MDGs in the ident i f ied provinces; ( i i) to assist these provinc-es in preparing their Provincial MDG Repor ts ; and ( i i i ) to inc rease loca l awareness on how these reports can bridge local and national development strategies.

3. Expected Technical Collaboration Outputs

The project is expected to produce the following outputs: (i) mentored technical staff of the nine CBMS-partner provinces on how to prepare Provincial MDG Reports, and (ii) Provincial MDG Reports of the nine provinces.

4. Capacity-Building

The capacity-building of the Provincial MDG Teams consists of three workshops and one-on-one mentoring process.

Figure 40. CBMS Coverage in the Philippines (as of May 12, 2010)

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Processing of CBMS Data to Generate MDG Indicators. This 2-day activity was designed to provide participants with: (i) a deeper appreciation of the importance of the CBMS in benchmarking/tracking local progress toward the attainment of the MDGs; (ii) a satisfactory level of knowledge in process-ing CBMS data to facilitate analyses of accomplishments versus targets; (iii) some basic skills on how to incorporate MDG targets in local development plans and fa-cilitate corresponding increase in budget allocation for MDG-responsive PPAs; and (iv) tools and methodologies in formulating MDG reports.

Preparation of Provincial MDG Reports Using CBMS Data. This 2-day activity was designed to build on the gains of the first workshop by providing technical assistance to the Project Teams in (i) processing CBMS data to generate the additional MDG indi-cators and consolidating their data at the provincial level, (ii) benchmarking/tracking their progress toward the attainment of the MDGs , (iii) reviewing partial provincial reports based on the indicators generated using the first workshop, and (iv) finalizing list of indicators to be included in the report.

Presentation and Critiquing of Provin-cial MDG Reports. This 3-day activity was designed to finalize the Provincial MDG Reports and at the same time provide an opportunity for an exchange of views and possible harmonization of approaches as well as for the provision of consistent guid-ance to all the Provincial MDG Teams. The expected output from this workshop was the complete manuscript of the MDG Report which already incorporates the comments/

inputs of the assigned mentor and resource persons who were invited to share their ex-pertise during the workshop.

Mentor/Mentee Relationship. In order to ensure a sustained and focused mentoring program, a mentor from the Research Team of the CBMS Network was matched to one Provincial MDG Team.

The assigned mentor was expected to set a specific time each week to interact with his/her Provincial MDG Team and discuss the following: (1) review progress in drafting the Provincial MDG Report, (2) set/identify targets for the coming weeks, and (3) draw up an action plan to achieve those targets. In addition, the mentor was expected to assist his/her assigned MDG Team in identifying and solving problem areas.

Meanwhile, Dr. Celia M. Reyes, Anne Bernadette E. Mandap and Marsmath A. Baris, Jr. reviewed all partial and final re-ports. The technical staff of the NEDA Social Development Staff headed by Director Er-linda Capones also reviewed and provided valuable comments on the reports.

B. CBMS-MDG Indicators

Unless otherwise indicated, all the statisti-cal tables, graphs, charts and poverty maps presented in this report were generated us-ing the CBMS methodology.

The MDG Indicators, which were esti-mated using CBMS data, are presented in Table 55.

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It involves the following steps:Step 1 – Advocacy/organizationStep 2 – Data collection and field editingStep 3 – Data encoding and map digiti-

zationStep 4 – Data consolidation, database-

building & poverty mappingStep 5 – Data validation and community

consultationStep 6 – Knowledge (database) manage-

mentStep 7 – Plan formulationStep 8 – Dissemination, implementation,

and monitoring

Box 1. Community-Based Monitoring System

The CBMS is an organized way of col-lecting data at the local level to be used by local governments, national govern-ment agencies, nongovernment orga-nizations (NGOs) and civil society for planning, budgeting, and implementing local development programs as well as for monitoring and evaluating their perfor-mance. It is a tool for improved local gov-ernance and democratic decision-making that promotes greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation.

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Table 55. The CBMS-MDG Indicators and their Definition

93

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Table 55. (Continued)

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Table 55. (Continued)

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C. Poverty and Food Thresholds

Official poverty thresholds computed by the NSCB were used and, in some cases, updated to the reference period for the CBMS data by inflating these thresholds using the appropriate Consumer Price Index (CPI). The poverty and food thresholds used for each province are pre-sented in Table 56.

D. Authority for the CBMS Census

The NSCB has issued Resolution No. 6 (2005) which recognizes and enjoins support to the CBMS as a tool for strengthening the statistical system at the local level. It also directs the NSCB Technical Staff to initiate and coordinate an ad-vocacy program for the adoption of the CBMS by the LGUs, through the Regional Statistical Coordination Committees (RSCCs), the technical arm of the NSCB Executive Board in the regions.

The NSCB has also approved the CBMS Survey In-struments through NSCB Approval No. DILG-0903-01.

E. Survey Operations

All survey operations were undertaken un-der the supervision of the CBMS Technical Working Groups (TWGs) at the Provincial and Municipal Levels. They identified the local personnel who were trained as enu-merators and field supervisors. Technical assistance was provided by the PEP-CBMS Network Coordinating Team, the Bureau of Local Government Development (BLGD) and Regional Office IV-B of the Depart-ment of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), National Anti-Poverty Commission (NAPC), National Economic and Develop-ment Authority (NEDA) Regional Office IV-B and the Institute for Democratic Participa-tion in Governance (IDPG).

Training was mainly conducted at two levels. The fi rst level training (Training of Trainors) is conducted for members of the TWGs. This is usually conducted by members of the research staff of the CBMS Network and CBMS accred-

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97Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

ited trainors from the DILG, NAPC and NEDA. Meanwhile, a second level training (Training of Enumerators) is conducted for enumerators who are usually composed of barangay health workers and students. The members of the TWG acted as trainors in this training.

F. Data Processing System

The data processing software used under this project includes the CBMS Data Encod-ing System, the CBMS-Natural Resources Database and Stata.

The CBMS encoding system uses CSPro (Census and Survey Processing), a software developed by the United States Bureau of Census for entering, editing, tabulating, and disseminating data from censuses and surveys. The CSPro-based (Census and Survey Processing) Encoding System converts survey data into electronic data. It produces text files (ASCII) described by data dictionaries, which adds flexibility to the output data. This feature facilitates the interface between the CBMS data and other database systems and statistical softwares.

The CBMS Mapping system employs the Natural Resources Database (NRDB) for CBMS-based poverty mapping and for storing and displaying household- and individual- level information, The CBMS-NRDB is capable of creating and storing spatial (shapefi les) and non-spatial (texts and numbers) data as well as generating maps, reports and graphs ideal for presentation and analysis of poverty attri-butes in the community. This has signifi cantly addressed the need for a simple yet powerful and free geographically-oriented database.

Meanwhile, the CBMS data presented in this report through tables, graphs, charts

and poverty maps were processed using Stata, a general-purpose statistical software package created in 1985 by StataCorp.

These softwares were provided for free to the 10 provinces which formulated their reports un-der this project.

G. CBMS Poverty Maps

The poverty map for each indicator shows the provincial map disaggregated by municipality.

A simple color scheme is used (green, light green, pink and red) to represent the four ranges of data for each indicator. Each indicator, however, used a different range relative to the provincial data.

H. Limitations of the Data

While observations are taken from the entire population, the user of the data presented in this report should bear in mind that the municipalities in two provinces (Eastern Samar and Biliran) were not able to collect their data over the same period. For instance, CBMS was piloted in a number of mu-nicipalities in Eastern Samar and Biliran in 2005 and was implemented provincewide in 2006. Moreover, due to some diffi culties, the CBMS census could not be carried out in 1 barangay in Romblon, and 2 barangays each in Camarines Norte and Eastern Samar. Moreover, data from a number of baran-gays in Sarangani are still not available.

Estimates on poverty and subsistence incidence may also be affected by under- and/or over-re-porting of income or reluctance on the part of the respondents to reveal their true levels of income. As in other surveys, the CBMS enumerators may also have encountered interview non-response and item non-response.

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Available in this series:

NATIONAL REPORT

• Philippines Progress Report on the Millennium Development Goals 2010

PROVINCIAL REPORTS

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Agusan del Norte

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Agusan del Sur

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Biliran

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Camarines Norte

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Eastern Samar

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Marinduque

• Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Romblon

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Siquijor

•Status Report on the Millennium Development Goals Using CBMS Data Province of Sarangani