la visión de embarq en transporte urbano sustentable - holger dalkmann

EMBARQ and Sustainable Transport

Holger Dalkmann

Director, EMBARQ – the WRI Center for Sustainable Transport

[email protected]

Our Challenge

Mexico projection of total fleet by type of

vehicle (2009 - 2030)

Source: MEDEC study, CTS Mexico 2008

If we want to achieve the 2 degree target …

… we need to limit per capita emission to 2t CO2 eqv. (IPCC 2007).

The Carbon Challenge

Transport 460 kg CO2 per capita/year

Source: ITF 2008, Bongardt 2010

Transport – locked in a vicious circle

Levett Therivel 2007 (http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/35744)

Transport – possible virtuous circle

Levett Therivel 2007 (http://www.lga.gov.uk/lga/aio/35744)

Paradigm Shift:

Accessibility instead of Transport

da

Strategy:

Avoid-

Shift-

Improve

Solution

BENEFITS Air quality,

health, safety, climate,

economy, development,

etc.

AVOID

the distance or number of trips

SHIFT towards lower

emitting modes of transport

IMPROVE technological

and operational efficiency of

vehicles

EMBARQ Catalyze

and help implement

sustainable transport

solutions to improve

quality of life in cities.

The Global Network of EMBARQ

http://www.embarq.org/sites/default

/files/20_Years_of_EMBARQ.pdf

Single projects are vital, but it needs more

Int’l

new deals

National

regulation & networks

City

enabling

The need to scale-up on all levels

Today 2041Automobility Sustainable Transport

Population (millions) 5.4 13.2 13.2

Trips (millions/yr) 5.6 39.75 39.75

Area (Sq. Km.) 1330 6484 3242

Emissions(million Tons CO2/yr) 0.33 12.32 1.97

Traffic Fatalities (per yr) 175 5,232 1,225

AVOID: Opportunity is biggest right

now

Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad, India

New York and Atlanta

NEW YORK had 3.49 traffic

fatalities per 100,000

inhabitants in 2008, making it

one of the safest major cities

in the world. To a large extent,

this is due to investments in

quality public transport, cycle

infrastructure, and pedestrian

improvements.

ATLANTA on the other hand,

had 10.97 fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants, making it among the most dangerous cities in the US, on par with some cities in the developing world, which are experiencing high levels of traffic fatalities. Atlanta is a sprawling, auto oriented city, with poor provisions for non-motorized modes and land use patterns not conducive to transit use.

AVOID: Curitiba’s Transit Oriented

Development

The Dense Urban Development

along Transit Corridor in Curitiba

Non-motorized

mobility

Public Transport

Public Spaces

Compact

development

with mixed-uses

Ground Floor for

commercial use

Parking and car

management

Community

Participation

TOD Elements

EMBARQ-Mexico Achievements

in Urban Development DOTS Manual: Desarrollo Orientado al Transporte

Sustentable (Sustainble Transport Oriented

Development Manual)

Pilot Project “Corredor Cero Emisiones”, Eje Central

Public Space and Public Life handbook

Atlas of Accessibility and Connectivity of the Mexico

Valley Metropolitan Zone

Project “Low Carbon Competitive Cities” (C2C2)

Pilot Projects: Centenario de la Revolución

(Aguascalientes) and Cumbres del Sur + Valle de

Encino (Culiacán)

Strong partnership with Federal Agencies

(INFONAVIT- SEDESOL – SEMARNAT – SHF – CONAVI) Support from the World Bank + British Embassy in

Mexico Working relationship with private developers

Cities (here Mexico City) are large scale

Brazil – Slum Revitalization with Sustainable Transport

Bengaluru: Towards a walkable and sustainable Bengaluru

Bengaluru: Adarsh Palms Township Accessibility Project

Naya Raipur: Translating the Concepts of Integrated Development to Sector Planning and Design

Mumbai: Improving pedestrian accessibility in MIDC – Marol

Pipeline projects:

TOD study in core city and periphery for Hubli and Dharwad

Public space design for Hubli and Dharwad

TOR preparation for TOD studies and Master Planning

Focus on Urban Development Projects in India

1

11 4

4

16

3

1

5

1

13 1

4 1

9

2

1

1

1

5

1

1

1

1

1

11

1 16

1

830 km 6 km

Source: CTS Brasil, EMBARQ BRT/Bus Corridors Database, January, 2011

About 120 cities with BRT or bus corridors

4,335 km - 6,683 stations – 30,000 buses

26.8 million passengers per weekday

http://brtdata.org/

SHIFT: Towards Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)

1 12

10

1 1 12

1 12

1 1

5

1 12

54

87

8 8 8

13

1716

0

25

50

75

100

125

0

5

10

15

20

25

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Cities with BRT/Bus Corridors

Bogotá TransMilenioLos Angeles Metrorapid

Curitiba

Guanghzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang -ChinaJaipur - India; Pelembang, Gorontalo, Surakata - Indonesia

Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit - UKJoão Pessoa - Brazil; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga - ColombiaEstado México - México; Lima - Perú; Brampton - Canada


Curitiba




Curitiba



http://brtdata.org/

Why the increase? Lower Capital Costs

1/10th to 1/3rd the cost

of comparable rail

5000

3194

1 BRT lane

2 general traffic lanes

Passenger per hour per direction

(peak)

6

726

1 BRT lane

2 general traffic

lanes

Crashes per year

SHIFT

Sustainable urban transport

Road Safety Audit Report, Metrobus Line 4, Mexico City Junction between Eje 3 Oriente and Sidar y Rovirosa: Current layout

Road Safety Audit Report, Metrobus Line 4, Mexico City Junction between Eje 3 Oriente and Sidar y Rovirosa: Recommended layout from road safety audit

EMBARQ recommended redesign: eliminating unnecessary turn lanes, narrowing

the intersection, using markings and medians to guide turning movements

EMBARQ has

developed a pilot

version of Traffic

Safety Guidelines for

Bus Systems

We will road test

these guidelines with

external partners on

BRT projects around

the world

The guidelines are

available and free to

use and anyone is

invited to participate

in the road test or

provide feedback

Ahmedabad – Janmarg

First Complete BRT in India (2009)

Our Role

Latin America study tour

Planning guidance

Operation evaluation

Results

Opened Oct 2009

49 kms – 150,000 riders per day (Feb 2012)

90 kms – 400,000 riders per day (Dec 2014)

Indore – AICTSL

First Sustained PPP in India (2010)

Our Role

Negotiated PPPs

Financial model

Organizational chart

Route structure

BRT design guidance

Performance monitoring plan

Federal funding

Results

System sustained for 5 years

Increased fleet and ridership

National Investment Program

Inform design of the 400 Bn USD Urban Transport

Program for new round of JnNURM (2012)

Our Role

Review of national transit investment programs across 15 countries in the World

Developing a recommendations report for new JnNURM design

Help set-up specific capacity building for the new program to be more effective

Results

Sustainable transport is mainstream in Indian cities

30+ Indian Cities have more than 40% of motorized travel in public transport

Scaling-up: EMBARQ Mexico

Enabling national programs: PROTRAM PROGRAMA DE TRANSPORTE MASIVO DEL FONDO NACIONAL DE

INFRAESTRUCTURA

Created 2009

Part of the National Infrastructure Fund (FONADIN)

All road and rail transport, including urban transport: MX$336 billion (US$25.6 billion), 2007-12

Funded by toll highway concessions (Fideicomiso de Apoyo al Rescate de Autopistas Concesionadas – FARAC)

Provides grants and loans for studies and project infrastructure

Studies: up to 100 percent of cost as grant

Infrastructure: up to 50 percent of cost as grant or 66 percent as loan

Goals: 800 km of new lines, 4 billion passengers

Latin American

Association of

Integrated Bus

Systems and

BRT Agencies

Member of RS-10 Partnership

A global road safety program

(10 Countries, 6 Partners)

http://www.who.int/en/

INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENT

What finance is available for transport

activities?

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Global annual transport investments by source of finance

Climate finance

Sources: OECD, UNFCCC

Help set a favourable environment for the development of public

transport and other forms of sustainable transport by implement a

basic package of policies

Help duplicate political leadership by utilising forums such as the

C40 or ICLEI to exchange good practice.

New forums focusing specifically at cities within Latin America or

Asia, for example Environmental Sustainable Transport Forum

Help ensure that adequate financial resources are available and

properly managed, by setting up an urban transport fund

How to upscale – Local and city networks

Help foster local-level leadership through:

Making budgetary support provided from the national government

to cities

Help set the right conditions for sustainable urban transport modes and

urban development, through:

Designing and implementing fiscal measures such as fuel and

vehicle taxes, as well as phasing out environmentally harmful

subsidies

Implementing regulatory measures such as vehicle efficiency

standards and fuel standards

Planning guidance and regulation for (new) settlements

Provide guidance on good practice in e.g. traffic demand

management and public transport management/ operations, as well as

how to set up urban transport institutions.

How to upscale – National Government

Help foster local leadership by:

Providing prizes for (future) leaders to receive education in sustainable

transport policy (Sustainable Transport Award, Healthy Life Healthy Cities)

Help enhance institutional and human capacity by:

Providing technical assistance in setting up integrated urban transport

authority

Help set the conditions for reforming transport policies by:

Providing technical assistance projects on e.g. master planning, transport

demand management, tax reform, regulatory reform

Provide financial resources for the implementation of sustainable transport

projects by:

Earmarking a certain percentage of Official Development Assistance to

sustainable transport

Revising/Developing rules on climate finance

Recognition of Sustainable transport in Rio+20

How to upscale – International Bodies

https://community.wri

.org/NetCommunity/S

SLPage.aspx?pid=305

Thank you! Gracias!

www.embarq.org

Cities are the center piece of future (sustainable) development

Sustainable Development (Accessibility, quality of life etc.) should be the main driver for transport

No silver bullet – need to avoid – (prevent a) shift and improve – integrated solution needed

National regulations, standards, guidelines to support cities

Decoupling economic growth and motorisation could lead to green growth – leverage domestic and international funding

Involving private sector as an important stakeholder leveraging more investment into sustainable transport infrastructure

Conclusions: How to upscale?

Domestic (local and national) finance is key towards sustainable transport –wide range of finance tools are available

National governments setting the right financial framework (reform subsidies and taxes)

Continue dialogue shifting MDB’s and governmental aid strategy supporting developing countries

Strengthen regional and global thematic clusters enabling capacity building, knowledge transfer and political dialogue

Technology solutions beyond fuels and vehicles

Conclusions: How to upscale?