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INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS ON BUILT FORMS

KOYA HOUSES

SOCIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY PLANNING



INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL

ASPECTS ON BUILT FORMS - KOYA HOUSESINFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS ON BUILT FORMS - KOYA HOUSES

outline

ORIGIN

KUTTICHIRA

SOCIO - CULTURE

ARCHITECTURE

CONSTRUCTION

FUTURE





FOUNDATION OF THE SETTLEMENT

Earliest record of port town Tyndis, in

north malabar region dates back to the

2nd century AD.

Zamorin invasion, established the city.conquest of coastal regions

enabled Zamorins engage successfully in maritime trade.

Developed to one of the best sea port cities in medieval world.

Arab merchants and traders brought with them, Islam

Mapilla’s first muslim community in malabar, basically

hindu converts

Koyas : Zamorin’S guardians of the coast, settled along

Thekkepuram.



The streets follow grid iron pattern, with huge

residences abutting the streets



KUTTICHIRA SETTLEMENT

Part of Thekkepuram, located south west to Calicut.

The place is known for the tank here – the kuttichira.

Chira – a large bathing tank

There are many famous mosques alongside the Kuttichirapond – Misquel mosque

kuttichira is culturally rich, trade based muslim

settlement





SOCIO CULTURAL ASPECTS

Number of families lives in a single dwelling in harmony – the tharavadu

Each family had separate quarter for themselves with bedrooms for the members,

dining and kitchens

The daily lives are quite separate, but in case of marriages, celebrations etc all of

them come together

Marriage ( NIKAH )

Henna ceremony

Big reception





Matriarchy system

Marumakkathayam

After marriage the bride continues to live in her ancestral home

She is visited by her husband (puthiyapla) in the evening. He is treated with

greatest respect and as a visiting guest.

Family hierarchy

The head of the family is the eldest living son of family, the karanavar.

He has the right to take any final decision about the family issues has influence

on everyone in family.

The eldest woman in family is called karanavathi who takes care of the welfare of

the family.

The entire house doesn’t belong to any particular member of the family





Gender roles

Females did household chores while the males went for work

Women dwell within the house mostly, not allowed to come

to the front area of house

The male members right to the tharawad ceases

after his death

Laws of Shariah and Islamic veiws specified certain gender

positions, which restricts the muslim women even today

The males would go to the mosque for all the prayers, while the

females prayed in the house





economy

Main income for most Koya families is from their family businesses, it may be

small scale or very high scale business and its look after by sons of family.

The males usually worked in the same shop or had their shops in the same

region

Some old koya houses along the beach road has their business warehouses

along the beach road, and a small entrance to the house through the backyard.

Development of kochin as a port city and shifting of economic capital of calicut

to SM street declined the family business of many koya houses





Architecture

Influenced by nair style as well as arbic style

INFLUENCE OF ARABIC STYLE :

The wooden screens used to provide privacy and

shade in the verandahs is one of the few featuressuperposed on the traditional construction.

Upper floor is usually characterized by living rooms with view windows to the street.

These features would have been modeled in the pattern of the houses in Arab

countries having contact with this region. Tiles were used in more well-of houses

replicating Islamic art in the Middle East.





INFLUENCE OF NAIR STYLE :

Influence of nair style can be seen in its

Architecture and belief to some extent. Like

nalukkai is made from influence of nalukettu in

nair houses, open verandhas and front entries

are type of sloped roofing, these all has

influence from nair houses.

But we can’t find any implementation of

vastu-shastra in koya houses as in nair houses.

The koyas did not hold any importance to the hindu values although the houses

were influenced by local houses. The residences are comparatively very large in

size with one or more courtyards(nalakkai).





Each family had separate quarter for themselves, with bedrooms,dining, kitchens

rooms of the house is arranged basically with the age and importance of

members. elder and more respected members used the two bedrooms near the

verandah on the ground floor.

The upper floors are taken by the relatively younger couples. The newlyweds are

respected and a new room with suitable facilities are given. The newly added

room is called Maniyara (wedlock room).

Women provided separate entrance to the residence from the abutting street.

GENERAL LAYOUT

The houses usually are in the east-west axis when possible so as to utilise the sea

breeze properly. The entry is through a wooden padipura





PLAN OF TYPICAL KOYA HOUSE





Architectural elements

NALAKKAI

courtyard or “nalakkai”

similar to that of nalukettu in nair houses

KOTTIL

Flanking windows along the verandah

FRONT VERANDAH

Long veranda and sit out mostly span the

entire width of the house





PADIPURA

Gabled gateway, timber door shutters

Provided at various entrances to the house

Front padipura is provided with toilet for

pedastrians

PATHWAYS

The socio cultural and religious aspects

contributed to various pathways within the

residence complex,

separate entrance for ladies, from abutting

street pathway leading to the mosque

lane connecting the house to the shops and

warehouse





CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

Artisan who were constructing temples

Availibility of plenty of wood

The sloping roof is the effective solution towards

the kerala climate

MATERIALS

wood, thatch, clay, and wattle.

Cement, stone tiles were added at maintenance





FUTURE

Decline of trade and Patriarchal system’s advent

The development of kochin as a rebel port city

declined the trade along calicut.

The koya families with such high population

depending primarily on the family bussiness for

living suffered badly.

Another great religious trade settlement in great

need of conservation

The ownership of property according to matriarchal system today endedup in people living in the same house who never knew each other.

Issues on ownership of property delays maintenance




ASPECTS ON BUILT FORMS KOYA HOUSESINFLUENCE OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS ON BUILT FORMS - KOYA HOUSES

LABEEBA K

Lakshmi j nair

LUBNA m

MATHEW WILSON

NEENU THOMAS

koya final

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