italian iii il 7 di dicembre 2011 - the school district of ... · web viewby his apostolic...
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SuperCiao IB textbook Capitolo 5Capitolo 5
Italian III Il primo di giugno 2015Lesson D Capitolo 5
SuperCiao 1B Capitolo 5!Capitolo 5Meta
A. SuperCiao IB
LE FESTE ITALIANE!Vocabolario Gli Attivita´
A LEGGEREPAGINA 94 IL COMPLEANNO-
Pagina 94 – pagina 95
Il Compleanno di Arianna pagina 96
Da festa....a festoso pagina 96
Nota Bene Pagina 96
FOCUS Pagina 97
I documenti personaliLa Carta d´ identita´
La Patente di guida Il codice fiscale
I giorni di feste
Italian celebrations ...throughout the year
Vocabolario
TortaAranciataCandelineBudinoPatatineForchettaPasticcini Biscotti Bicchieri di cartaPiattoPiattiniPizzeteSalatiniTartineCaramelleCioccolato
Festeggiamenti- tutte le cose che si fanno per far la festa.
Festeggiato/Festeggiata-La persona per la quale si fa la festa
Festivita’ giornata per ricordare qualcosa di importante
Festivo giorno di festa , non di lavoro
Festoso comportamento di una persona che fa festa
Nota Bene: ripasso importante da scrivere- AVVERBI
Mario compie gli anni oggi.
Bene, vado volentieri alla sua festa.
Dov´e’ la festa?
... a casa o in pizzeria? A CASA!
Preferisci tu la pizzeria per stare con gli amici?
Assolutamente no: molto meglio in casa.
Oggi, bene, volentieri, dove, assolutamente, molto, meglio, troppo ......sono avverbi
Documenti Personali
1. La carta d’identita’
Contiene i dati personali. E’ un documento di riconoscimento
2. La patente di guida
Autorizza a guidare un mezzo di trasporto su strada: motocicletta, automobile.........
3. Il codice Fiscale
Contiene le sigle di riconoscimento di una persona. Serve sopratutto
per ragioni di lavoro
I giorni di feste
1.
1: Capodanno (New Year's Day)
6: EpifaniaIl 6 di Gennaio
2. Befana (Epiphany)
7: Giornata Nazionale della Bandiera (Flag Day)—celebrated principally in Reggio nell'Emilia
3. February3: San Biagio (patron saint of Doues)9: San Rinaldo (patron saint of Nocera Umbra)
14: Festa de gli Innamorati (San Valentino)
4.Movable: Martedì Grasso (Mardi Gras / Fat Tuesday)—part of CarnevaleMovable: Mercoledì di Ceneri (Ash Wednesday)
March
8: La Festa della Donna16: San Ilario and San Taziano (patron saints of Gorizia)
17. San Patrizio!!!!
19: Festa del Papà San Giuseppi!!!!!19: San Proietto (patron saint of Randazzo)
Movable (can also occur in April): Domenica
delle Palme (Palm Sunday)Movable (can also occur in April): Venerdì Santo (Good Friday)Movable (can also occur in April): Pasqua (Easter Sunday)Monday after Easter (can also occur in April): Pasquetta, Lunedì di Pasqua (Easter Monday)
ZEPPOLE DI SAN GIUSEPPE
ZAPPOLE di SAN GIUSEPPI
Il 19 di marzo!
Saint Joseph's Day and lots of food!!!
Saint Joseph's Day
Date March 19
Next time 19 March 2014
Frequency annual
Saint Joseph with the Infant Jesus by Guido Reni
Saint Joseph's Day, March 19, the Feast of St. Joseph is in Western Christianity the principal feast day of Saint Joseph, Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He is also the step-father of Jesus of Nazareth/Jesus Christ.[1] It has the rank of a solemnity in the Roman Catholic Church; Catholics who follow the Missal of 1962 celebrate it as a first class feast. Previous to 1962 it was celebrated as a feast of the rank of double of the first class. It is a feast or commemoration in the provinces of the Anglican Communion,[2] and a feast or festival in the Lutheran Church. Saint Joseph's Day is the Patronal Feast day for Poland as well as for Canada, persons named Joseph, Josephine, etc., for religious institutes, schools and parishes bearing his name, and for carpenters. It is also Father's Day in some Catholic countries, mainly Spain, Portugal, and Italy.
March 19 was dedicated to Saint Joseph in several Western calendars by the tenth century, and this custom was established in Rome by 1479. Pope St. Pius V extended its use to the entire Roman Rite by his Apostolic Constitution Quo Primum (July 14, 1570). Since 1969, Episcopal Conferences may, if they wish, transfer it to a date outside Lent.[3]
Between 1870 and 1955, a feast was celebrated in honor of St. Joseph as Spouse of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Patron of the Universal Church, the latter title having been given to him by Pope Pius IX. Originally celebrated on the third Sunday after Easter with an octave, after Divino Afflatu[4] of St. Pius X (see Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X), it was moved to the preceding Wednesday. The feast was also retitled The Solemnity of Saint Joseph. This celebration and its accompanying octave was abolished during the modernisation and simplification of rubrics under Pope Pius XII in 1955. It is still maintained by Catholics who follow the missals of before then. As the traditional holiday of the Apostles Ss. Philip and James, May 1, had faded from the memory of most Catholics by the mid-twentieth century, that of Joseph the Worker was created in order to coincide with the celebration of international Labour Day (May Day) in many countries. The feast of Ss. Philip and James, which had been celebrated on that date since the sixth century, was moved from its traditional place (to May 11) to make room for St. Joseph the Worker. In the new calendar published in 1969, the feast, which at one time occupied the highest possible rank in the Church calendar, was reduced to an optional Memorial, the lowest rank for a saint's day.[5]
The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Saint Joseph on the Sunday after Christmas.[citation needed]
Contents
March 19 always falls during Lent, and traditionally it is a day of abstinence. This explains the custom of St. Joseph tables being covered with meatless dishes.
If the feast day falls on a Sunday other than Palm Sunday, it is observed on the next available day, usually Monday, March 20, unless another solemnity (e.g., a church's patronal saint) falls on that day. Since 2008, if St Joseph's Day falls during Holy Week, it is moved to the closest possible day before 19 March, usually the Saturday before Holy Week. This change was announced by the Congregation for Divine Worship in Notitiae March–April, 2006 (475-476, page 96) in order to avoid occurrences of the feasts of St. Joseph and the Annunciation both being moved to just after the Easter octave. This decision does not apply to those using the 1962 Missal according to the provisions of Summorum Pontificum; when that missal is used, its particular rubrics must be observed.
Italy
In Sicily, where St. Joseph is regarded by many as their Patron men , and many Italian-American communities, thanks are given to St. Joseph ("San Giuseppe" in Italian) for preventing a famine in Sicily during the Middle Ages. According to legend, there was a severe drought at the time, and the people prayed for their patron saint to bring them rain. They promised that if he answered their prayers, they would prepare a large feast to honor him. The rain did come, and the people of Sicily prepared a large banquet for their patron saint. The fava bean was the crop which saved the population from starvation and is a traditional part of St. Joseph's Day altars and traditions. Giving food to the needy is a St. Joseph's Day custom. In some communities it is traditional to wear red clothing and eat a Neopolitan pastry known as a Zeppole (created in 1840 by Don Pasquale Pinatauro in Napoli) on St. Joseph's Day.[6][7]
Upon a typical St. Joseph's Day altar, people place flowers, limes, candles, wine, fava beans, specially prepared cakes, breads, and cookies (as well as other meatless dishes), and zeppole. Foods are traditionally served containing bread crumbs to represent saw dust since St. Joseph was a carpenter. Because the feast occurs during Lent, traditionally no meat was allowed on the celebration table. The altar usually has three tiers, to represent the trinity.[8]
On the Sicilian island of Lipari, The St. Joseph legend is modified somewhat, and says that sailors returning from the mainland encountered a fierce storm that threatened to sink their boat. They prayed to St. Joseph for deliverance, and when they were saved, they swore to honor the saint each year on his feast day. The Liparian ritual is somewhat changed, in that meat is allowed at the feast.
Some villages like Avola used to burn wood and logs in squares on the day before St.Joseph, as thanksgiving to the Saint. In Belmonte Mezzagno this is currently still performed every year, while people ritually shouts invocations to the Saint in local Sicilian language. This is called "A Vampa di San Giuseppe" (the Saint Joseph's bonfire).
Spectacular celebrations are also held in Bagheria. The Saint is even celebrated twice a year, the second time being held especially for people from Bagheria who come back for summer vacation from other parts of Italy or abroad.
In Italy March 19 is also Father's Day.
Malta
This is one of the public holidays in Malta, known as Jum San Ġużepp. People celebrate mass in the morning,
and in the afternoon go for a picnic. It is a liturgical feast in particular Sunday in summer. However, the city of Rabat celebrates the traditional Maltese feast on the 19th of March, where in the evening a procession is also held with the statue of St Joseph. On this day also the city of Żejtun celebrates the day, known as Jum iż-Żejtun (Zejtun's Day). In the past years the Żejtun Parish Church has celebrated these feast days with a procession with the statue of Saint Joseph.
Sant´ Josep España las fallas
5. April
1: Pesce d'Aprile (April Fool's Day)
6.25: Festa della Liberazione (Liberation Day)
7.25: San Marco (patron saint of Venezia)
festa di lavoro1: Festa del Lavoro (May Day)
9. June 2
June 2: Festa della Repubblica (Republic Day)
REPUBLIC DAY
24: San Giovanni Battista (patron saint of Firenze)
29: San Pietro and San Paolo (patron saints of Roma)
10. July10: San Paterniano (patron saint of Grottammare)15: Santa Rosalia (patron saint of Palermo)
11. August 15th2: San Alessio (patron saint of Sant'Alessio in Aspromonte)
15: Ferragosto / Assunzione (Day of the Assumption)
September
19: San Genaro (patron saint of Napoli) NY NY USA
22: San Maurizio (patron saint of Calasetta)
12. October4: San Petronio (patron saint of Bologna)
13. November
1: Ognissanti (All Saints Day)2: Il Giorno dei Morti (Day of the Dead)3: San Giusto (patron saint of Trieste)11: San Martino (patron saint of Foiano della Chiana)
14. December
6: San Nicola (patron saint of Bari) gift giving
7: Sant'Ambrogio (patron saint of Milano)
: Immacolata Concezione
(Immaculate Conception)
Santa LuciaSaint Lucy's Day is on December 13, in Advent. Her feast once coincided with the Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year before calendar reforms, so her feast day has become a festival of light.[1][2] St. Lucy’s Day is celebrated most commonly in Scandinavia, with their long dark winters, where it is a major feast day, and in Italy, with each emphasizing a different aspect of the story.
In Scandinavia, where Lucy is called Lucia, she is represented as a woman in a white dress and red sash with a crown or wreath of candles on her head. In both Norway and Sweden, girls dressed as Lucy carry rolls and cookies in procession as songs are sung. Even boys take part in the procession as well, playing different roles associated with Christmas. It is said that to vividly celebrate St. Lucy's Day will help one live the long winter days with enough light.
In Italy, Saint Lucy's Day is a church feast day dedicated to Lucia of Syracuse (died 304), also known as Saint Lucy, and is observed on 13 December.[2] A special devotion to St. Lucy is practiced in the Italian regions of Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna, Veneto, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige, in the north of the country, and Sicily, in the south, as well as in Croatian coastal region of Dalmatia.
Contents [hide]
1 Origins o 1.1 13 December o 1.2 Lussi o 1.3 St. Lucy
2 Celebration o 2.1 Italy o 2.2 Malta o 2.3 In the Nordic countries
2.3.1 Sweden
2.3.2 Finland 2.3.3 Denmark 2.3.4 Norway
o 2.4 Saint Lucia (Caribbean) o 2.5 United States o 2.6 Venezuela
3 Notes 4 References 5 External links
Origins[edit]
A girl in the Lucia procession in Sweden, 2007
Saint Lucy is one of the few saints celebrated by the overwhelmingly Lutheran Nordic people — Danes; Swedes; Finns and Norwegians but also in USA and Canada and Italy. The St. Lucy's Day celebrations retain many indigenous Germanic pagan, pre-Christian midwinter elements. Some of the practices associated with the day predate the adoption of Christianity in Scandinavia, and like much of Scandinavian folklore and even religiosity, is centered on the annual struggle between light and darkness.
The Nordic observation of St. Lucy is first attested in the Middle Ages, and continued after the Protestant Reformation in the 1520s and 1530s, although the modern celebration is only about 200 years old. It is likely that tradition owes its popularity in the Nordic countries to the extreme change in daylight hours between the seasons in this region.
The pre-Christian holiday of Yule, or jól, was the most important holiday in Scandinavia and Northern Europe. Originally the observance of the winter solstice, and the rebirth of the sun, it brought about many practices that remain in the Advent and Christmas celebrations today. The Yule season was a time for feasting, drinking, gift-giving, and gatherings, but also the season of awareness and fear of the forces of the dark.
13 December[edit]
In Scandinavia (as late as until the mid 18th century) this date was the longest night of the year, coinciding with Winter Solstice, this was due to the Julian Calendar being emloyed at that time.[3]
The same can be seen in the poem "A Nocturnal upon S. Lucy's Day, Being the Shortest Day" by the English poet John Donne.
While this does not hold for our current Gregorian calendar, a discrepancy of 8 days would have been the case in the Julian calendar during the 14th century, resulting in Winter solstice falling on December 13. With the original adoption of the Gregorian calendar in the 16th century the discrepancy was 10 days and had increased to 11 days in the 18th century when Scandinavia adopted the new calendar, with Winter solstice falling on December 9.
It is very difficult to tell the exact date of the Winter solstice without modern equipment (although the Neolithic builders of the Newgrange monument seem to have managed it). The day itself is not visibly shorter than the several days leading up to and following it and although the actual Julian date of Winter solstice would have been on the December 15 or 14 at the time when Christianity was introduced to Scandinavia, December 13 could well have lodged in peoples mind as being the shortest day.
The choice of 13 December as Saint Lucy's day, however, obviously predates the 8 day error of the 14th century Julian calendar. This date is attested in the pre-Tridentic Monastic calendar, probably going back to the earliest attestations of her life in the 6th and 7th centuries, and it is the date used throughout Europe. So, while the world changed from a Julian to a Gregorian calendar system—and hence acquired a new date for the Winter Solstice—St Lucy's Day was kept at December 13, and not moved to the 21.
At the time of Saint Lucy's death, Winter solstice fell on December 21 and the date of the birth of Christ on the 25th. The latter was also celebrated as being the day when the Sun was born, the birthday of Sol Invictus, as can be seen in the Chronography of 354. This latter date was thought by the Romans to be the Winter solstice and it is natural to think of the sun being born that day. Early Christians considered this a likely date for their saviour's nativity, as it was commonly held that the world was created on Spring equinox (thought to fall on March 25 at the time), and that Christ had been conceived on that date, being born 9 months later on Winter solstice.[4]
A Swedish source[5] states that the date of (Winter Solstice, St. Lucia, Lucinatta, Lucia-day, Lussi-mass ...) i.e. December 13, predates the Gregorian which implies that "Lucia's Day" was Dec 13 in the Julian Calendar, which is is equal to December 21 in the Gregorian, i.e. now. Same source states use of the name "Little Yule" for the day, that it was among the most important days of the year, that it marked the start of Christmas month, and that with the move to the Gregorian calendar (in Sweden 1753) the date (not the celebration) "completely lost its appropriateness/significance".
Lussi[
Lussinatta, the Lussi Night, was marked in Sweden December 13. Then Lussi, a female being with evil traits, like a female demon or witch, was said to ride through the air with her followers, called Lussiferda. This itself might be an echo of the myth of the Wild Hunt, called Oskoreia in Scandinavia, found across Northern, Western and Central Europe.[6]
Between Lussi Night and Yule, trolls and evil spirits, in some accounts also the spirits of the dead, were thought to be active outside. It was believed to be particularly dangerous to be out during Lussi Night. According to tradition, children who had done mischief had to take special care, since Lussi could come down through the chimney and take them away, and certain tasks of work in the preparation for Yule had to be finished, or else the Lussi would come to punish the household. The tradition of Lussevaka – to stay awake through the Lussinatt to guard oneself and the household against evil, has found a modern form through throwing parties until daybreak. Another company of spirits was said to come riding through the night around Yule itself, journeying through the air, over land and water.[7]
St. Lucy[edit]Lucy by Cosimo Rosselli, Florence, c. 1470, tempera on panelMain article: Saint Lucy
According to the traditional story, Lucy was born of rich and noble parents about the year 283. Her father was of Roman origin, but died when she was five years old,[1] leaving Lucy and her mother without a protective guardian. Although no sources for her life-story exist other than in hagiographies, St. Lucy, whose name Lucia refers to "light" (Lux, lucis), is believed to have been a Sicilian saint who suffered a sad death in Syracuse, Sicily around AD 310.[8] Jacobus de Voragine's Golden Legend first compiled in the 13th century, a widespread and influential compendium of saint's biographies, records her story thus: She was seeking help for her mother's long-term illness at the shrine of Saint Agnes, in her native Sicily, when an angel appeared to her in a dream beside the shrine. As a result of this, Lucy became a devout Christian, refused to compromise her virginity in marriage and was denounced to the Roman authorities by the man she would have wed. They threatened to drag her off to a brothel if she did not renounce her Christian beliefs, but were unable to move her, even with a thousand men and fifty oxen pulling. So they stacked materials for a fire around her instead and set light to it, but she would not stop speaking, insisting that her death would lessen the fear of it for other Christians and bring grief to non-believers. One of the soldiers stuck a spear through her throat to stop these denouncements, but to no effect. Soon afterwards, the Roman consulate in charge was hauled off to Rome on charges of theft from the state and beheaded. Saint Lucy was able to die only when she was
given the Christian sacrament.[9] All the details of her life are the conventional ones associated with female martyrs of the early 4th century. John Henry Blunt views her story as a Christian romance similar to the Acts of other virgin martyrs.[10] In another story, Saint Lucy was working to help Christians hiding in the catacombs during the terror under the Roman Emperor Diocletian, and in order to bring with her as many supplies as possible, she needed to have both hands free. She solved this problem by attaching candles to a wreath on her head.[attribution needed]
There is little evidence that the legend itself derives from the folklore of northern Europe, but the similarities in the names ("Lussi" and "Lucia"), and the date of her festival, December 13, suggest that two separate traditions may have been brought together in the modern-day celebrations in Scandinavia. Saint Lucy is often depicted in art with a palm as the symbol of martyrdom.[11]
Celebration
Albert Szent-Gyorgyi, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937. At the Santa Lucia feast in Stockholm same winter
Italy[edit]
Catholic celebrations take place on the 13th of December and in May. Saint Lucy or Lucia, whose name comes from the Latin word "lux" meaning light, links with this element and with the days growing longer after the Winter solstice.[12]
St. Lucy is the patron saint of the city of Syracuse (Sicily). Sicilians recall a legend that holds that a famine ended on her feast day when ships loaded with grain entered the harbor. Here, it is traditional to eat whole grains instead of bread on December 13. This usually takes the form of cuccia,[12] a dish of boiled wheat berries often mixed with ricotta and honey, or sometimes served as a savory soup with beans.[13]
St. Lucy is also popular among children in some regions of North-Eastern Italy, namely Trentino, East Lombardy (Bergamo, Brescia, Cremona, Lodi and Mantua), parts of Veneto, (Verona), parts of Emilia-Romagna, (Piacenza, Parma, Reggio Emilia and Bologna), and all of Friuli, where she is said to bring gifts to good children and coal to bad ones the night between December 12 and 13. According to tradition, she arrives in the company of a donkey and her escort, Castaldo. Children are asked to leave some coffee for Lucia, a carrot for the donkey and a glass of wine for Castaldo. They must not watch Santa Lucia delivering these gifts, or she will throw ashes in their eyes, temporarily blinding them.
Malta[edit]
Santa Luċija is the patron saint of the villages of Mtarfa (Malta) and Santa Luċija (Gozo).[12] On the 13th December Malta also celebrates Republic Day.
In the Nordic countries
Lucias singing
In Sweden, Denmark, Norway, and Finland, Lucy (called Lucia) is venerated on December 13 in a ceremony where a girl is elected to portray Lucia. Wearing a white gown with a red sash and a crown of candles on her head, she walks at the head of a procession of women, each holding a candle. The candles symbolize the fire that refused to take St. Lucy's life when she was sentenced to be burned. The women sing a Lucia song while entering the room, to the melody of the traditional Neapolitan song Santa Lucia; the Italian lyrics describe the view from Santa Lucia in Naples, the various Scandinavian lyrics are fashioned for the occasion, describing the light with which Lucia overcomes the darkness. Each Scandinavian country has lyrics in their native tongues. After finishing this song, the procession sings Christmas carols or more songs about Lucia.
Sweden[edit]
Lucia procession at a meeting. The so-called "star boys" follow Lucia in the procession.Saint Lucy's Day 1848 by Fritz von Dardel.
The custom involves the eldest daughter arising early and wearing her Lucy garb of white robe, red sash, and a wire crown covered with whortleberry-twigs with nine lighted candles fastened in it awakens the family, singing Sankta Lucia, serving them coffee and saffron buns (St. Lucia buns), thus ushering in the Christmas season.[14]
Although St. Lucy's Day is not an official holiday in Sweden, it is a popular occasion in Sweden. At many universities, students hold big formal dinner parties since this is the last chance to celebrate together before most students go home to their families for Christmas.
The Swedish lyrics to the Neapolitan song Santa Lucia have traditionally been either Natten går tunga fjät (The Night walks with heavy steps)[14] or Sankta Lucia, ljusklara hägring (Saint Lucy, bright mirage). There is also a modern version with simpler lyrics for children: Ute är mörkt och kallt (Outside it is dark and cold).
The modern tradition of having public processions in the Swedish cities started in 1927 when a newspaper in Stockholm elected an official Lucy for Stockholm that year. The initiative was then followed around the country through the local press. Today most cities in Sweden appoint a Lucy every year. Schools elect a Lucy and her maids among the students and a national Lucy is elected on national television from regional winners. The regional Lucies will visit shopping malls, old people's homes and churches, singing and handing out gingernut cookies (pepparkakor). Guinness World Records has noted the Lucy procession in Ericsson Globe in Stockholm as the largest in the world, with 1200 participants from Adolf Fredrik's Music School, Stockholms Musikgymnasium and Stockholmläns Blåsarsymfoniker.
Now boys take part in the procession as well, playing different roles associated with Christmas. Some may be dressed in the same kind of white robe, but with a cone-shaped hat decorated with golden stars, called stjärngossar (star boys); some may be dressed up as "tomtenissar", carrying lanterns; and some may be dressed up as gingerbread men. They participate in the singing and also have a song or two of their own, usually Staffan Stalledräng, which tells the story about Saint Stephen, the first Christian martyr, caring for his five horses. Some trace the "re-birth" of the Lucy celebrations in Sweden to the tradition in German Protestant families of having girls dressed as angelic Christ children, handing out Christmas presents. The Swedish variant of this white-dressed Kindchen Jesus, or Christkind, was called Kinken Jes, and started to appear in upper-class families in the 18th century on Christmas Eve with a candle-wreath in her hair, handing out candy and cakes to the children. Another theory claims that the Lucy celebration evolved from old Swedish traditions of “star boys” and white-dressed angels singing Christmas carols at different events during Advent and Christmas. In either case, the current tradition of having a white-dressed woman with candles in her hair appearing on the morning of the Lucy Day started in the area around Vänern in the late 18th century and spread slowly to other parts of the country during the 19th century.
Christmas season card with Lucia in the snow.
A traditional kind of bun, Lussekatt ("St. Lucy Bun"), made with saffron, is normally eaten on this day.
Since 2008 there has been some controversy over males as Lucy, with one male who was elected Lucy at a high school being blocked from performing, and another performing together with a female.[15][16] In another case a six-year-old boy was not allowed to appear with a Lucy crown because the school said it couldn't guarantee his safety.[17]
Finland[edit]
The Finnish celebrations have been historically tied to Swedish culture and the Swedish-speaking Finns. They observe "Luciadagen" a week before the Winter Solstice. St Lucy is celebrated as a “beacon of brightness” in the darkest time of year.[18] The first records of St. Lucy celebrations in Finland are from 1898, and the first large celebrations came in 1930, a couple of years after the popularization of the celebrations in Sweden. The St. Lucy of Finland has been elected since 1949 and she is crowned in the Helsinki Cathedral. Local St. Lucies are elected in almost every place where there is a Swedish populace in Finland. The Finnish-speaking population has also lately begun to embrace the celebrations.[19]
Denmark[edit]
Danish girls in the Lucia procession at a Helsingør public school, 2001
In Denmark, the Day of Lucy (Luciadag) was first celebrated on December 13, 1944. The tradition was directly imported from Sweden by initiative of Franz Wend, secretary of Föreningen Norden, as an attempt "to bring light in a time of darkness”. Implicitly it was meant as a passive protest against German occupation during the Second World War but it has been a tradition ever since.
Although the tradition is imported from Sweden, it differs somewhat in that the church celebration has always been strongly centered on Christianity and it is a yearly local event in most churches in conjunction with Christmas. Schools and kindergartens also use the occasion to mark the event as a special day for children on one of the final days before the Christmas holidays, but it does not have much impact anywhere else in society.
There are also a number of additional historical traditions connected with the celebration, which are not widely observed. The night before candles are lit and all electrical lights are turned off, and on the Sunday closest to December 13 Danes traditionally attend church.
The traditional Danish version of the Neapolitan song is not especially Christian in nature, the only Christian concept being "Sankta Lucia". Excerpt: "Nu bæres lyset frem | stolt på din krone. | Rundt om i hus og hjem | sangen skal tone." ("Now the light is carried forward | proudly on your crown. | In houses and homes | song will sound.")
The Christian version used in churches is Sankta Lucia from 1982, by priest Holger Lissner.
Saint Lucy's Day is celebrated also in the Faroe Islands.
Norway[edit]
Lucia buns, made with saffron.
Historically Norwegians considered what they called Lussinatten the longest night of the year and no work was to be done. From that night until Christmas, spirits, gnomes and trolls roamed the earth. Lussi, a feared enchantress, punished anyone who dared work. Legend also has it that farm animals talked to each other on Lussinatten, and that they were given additional feed on this longest night of the year.[20] The Lussinatt, the night of December 13, was largely forgotten in Norway at the beginning of the 20th century, though still remembered as an ominous night, and also celebrated in some remote areas.
It was not until after World War II that the modern celebration of Lucia in Norway was imported from Sweden, and became adopted on a larger scale. It is now again observed all over the country.
Like the Swedish tradition, and unlike the Danish, Lucy is largely a secular event in Norway, and is observed in kindergartens and schools (often through secondary level). However, it has in recent years also been incorporated in the Advent liturgy in the Church of Norway. The boys are often incorporated in the procession, staging as magi with tall hats and star-staffs. Occasionally, anthems of Saint Stephen are taken in on behalf of the boys.
For the traditional observance of the day, school children form processions through the hallways of the school building carrying candles, and hand out lussekatt buns. While rarely observed at home, parents often take time off work to watch these school processions in the morning, and if their child should be chosen Lucia it is considered a great honor. Later on in the day, the procession usually visits local retirement homes, hospitals, and nursing
24 Natañe VIGILIA7 fishes
Naples - CampaniaPreparation - Medium EasyServes 8
In Naples the big Christmas meal is eaten on Christmas Eve. For religious reasons, this traditional dinner is meatless (not even meat broth is allowed) but
substantial. It is the most important family holiday. We have a saying in Italy that you may spend Easter with whomever you please, but Christmas must be spent with the family.Christmas trees are not traditional for Neapolitans. Instead, a creche (called a presepio) showing the scene of the Nativity is prepared after dinner. The figures that go into the creche are often antique and beautifully sculpted. Old ones are rare but in Naples beautiful new ones are still made by a few artisan sculptors.After the Nativity creche has been assembled, zampognari, shepherds from the mountains of Abruzzi, often come to play Christmas music on their bagpipes. The men, who during the Christmas season wander all over Italy, playing in the streets or at private houses, are colorfully dressed in felt hats, sheepskin vests, and leggings that lace up their legs. Their bagpipes are oddly comic, with sheeps' feet hanging down from them. At midnight on Christmas Eve, following the departure of the zampognari, the entire family, including babies and grandparents, attends the candlelit midnight mass.With the dinner which follows, Neapolitans often drink a white wine from the island of Ischia, Biancolello Casa d'Ambra. The production is extremely limited-usually only enough for Naples-so it is hard to find elsewhere. For substitutions we suggest Lacryma Cristi del Vesuvio Bianco, Capri Bianco, or Greco di Tufo
25: Natale
(Christmas)
26: Santo Stefano (St. Stephen's Day) 31: San Silvestro (St. Silvester's Day)
New Years Eve
'
Telemaco Signorini, Il Ghetto di Firenze, 1882
Italy is unique in Jewish history. It is home to a community dating back over two thousand years, the oldest in Europe and the only to have survived uninterrupted. For seventy generations, it has succeeded in conserving its original characteristics, patrimony and identity without conforming to the surrounding environment often hostile and oppressive, political and individual inclemency. The community's presence is unknown and miniscule, deeply rooted in Italy's long history, a mosaic pieced from scarce documentation available. Not only differences in religious beliefs but customs accenting these discrepancies continually aggravated the Italian Jews' already difficult situation. In spite of the extremely limited population and the overwhelming adversity surrounding them, the Jewish and Christian populations have endured in extremely close contact. Yet both have continued to remain reciprocal strangers in a disparity which often favored (or disfavored) one legally and politically and the other economically. The Florentine Rabbi Samuel Zvi Margulies (1858-1922) compared the two people to two liquids—oil and water. Italy is emblematic of the Diaspora but within it are many Jewish worlds. Each has its own unique features, history and humanity. A name may indicate provenance from the land of exile or adoption and well understood between one Italian Jew and another. This is not the case with the language. Yiddish never existed in Italy. There is a Judaic dialect in Rome, another in Mantova, and still others in Turin and Leghorn.
JEWISH HERITAGE is a fourteen-day tour extending throughout Italy, generally Rome to Venice as herein, but may include any other communities of historical importance. It may be more suitable for families desiring a bar or bat mitzvah or wedding, small groups or couples seeking a more in-depth study of the community in Italy.
JEWISH TUSCANY is a eight-day tour amidst very diverse and contrasting worlds within the region of Tuscany alone, nevertheless enabling the visitor to understand the multiplicity of Italian Jewish character and color. To enhance the cultural setting and lend an artistic perspective to our tours, visits are arranged to numerous state and civic museums, monuments, archaeological sites and a winery-—all outside the Jewish historical context. Tours may be arranged as wished, wherever in Italy, for Jews and non-Jews alike.
Luca della Robbia, Cantoria, 1431-38
S.A.Hart, Festa della Legge in Livorno's Antica Sinagoga, 1850
Days are planned to be leisurely, with travel in the countryside and ample individual time for dining, further visits or shopping apart from the itinerary. Groups are generally limited to 15 to 20 persons. In addition to your group guide, the group may be also accompanied full-time by an historian or rabbi. Each visit will be conducted by a licensed Italian tour guide and native of that particular community. Both accommodations and restaurants are well-known from past experience, generally family operated, conveniently situated and selected to offer the best in typical regional cuisine, atmosphere and comfort. One of us on at least one occasion has lodged or dined in these establishments and no price will exceed that published. The tour leader and a van will remain with the group throughout the tour.
Jewish holidays follow- the Jewish calendar and are celebrated and recognized
Wednesday, 16 Tevet 5772 - 11 January 2012
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3/27/2011 - The only Kosher eatery in Leghorn (Livorno) closed down.
New Kosher places in Rome3/1/2011 - Ba"Ghetto Milky, Shilo, Sheva, Kosher Cakes, Kosher Tov and HyperCacher opened recently in Rome.
Google Maps Added11/20/2008 - The site is being improved continuosly, just recently Google Maps was added in the city pages.
New restaurant in Rome7/23/2008 - Nonna Betta (Grandmother Betta), with a traditional roman kitchen, just opened in the Ghetto area.
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SuperCiao IB- Capitolo 5 Il Pachetto pagina 43 e pagina 44
Piu’-
Ascoltare/scrivere-Attivita´ Listening Activities
Ripassare SuperCiao IB Il Ripasso pagina 110
RIPASSO del lavoro dI
Capitolo 5:A. Regular CasesParlare rispondere Partire
Parlare:
parlero’parleraiparlera’parleremoparlereteparleranno
Rispondere
rispondero’risponderairispondera’risponderemorispondereterisponderanno
Partire
Partiro’PartiraiPartira’PartiremoPartiretePartiranno
Fine- examples of regular -are -ere -ire verbs in the FUTURE TENSE
Endings: Regular -are -ere -ire verbs
Parl eró rispond eró
Partiró
B.Irregular Cases in the FUTURE TENSE:
Irregular case I
Dare
Fare
Stare
Dare
Daro’DaraiDara’DaremoDareteDaranno
Fare:
Faro’FaraiFara’FaremoFareteFaranno
Stare
Staro’StaraiStara’StaremoStareteStaranno
Case II irregular future
-care -gare -gare
Dimenticare ‘che
Dimetichero’DimenticheraiDimentichera’DimenticheremoDimentichereteDimenticheranno
Pa gare ghe Paghero’PagheraiPaghera’PagheremoPagheretePagheranno
Mangiare drop the “i” are to er--Mangero’MangeraiMangera’MangeremoMangereteMangeranno
Case III
AndareAndro’AndraiAndra’AndremoAndreteAndranno
AvereAvro’AvraiAvra’AvremoAvreteAvranno
Cadere
Cadro’CadraiCadra’Cadremo cadreteCadranno
Dovere
Dovro’DovraiDovra’DovremoDovreteDovranno
Sapere
Sapro’SapraiSapra’SapremoSapreteSapranno
Vedere
Vedro’VedraiVedra’VedremoVedreteVedranno
Vivere
Vivro’VivraiVivra’VivremoVivreteVivranno
Essere
Saro’SaraiSara’SaremoSaretesaranno
Venire and Volere
Volere vorr-Vorro’VorraiVorra’VorremoVorreteVorranno
Venire -verrVerro’VerraiVerra’VerremoVerreteverranno
l’esempio:
Dov’ e’ tuo fratello?
Sara’ a casa.
Pratica: Saremo pronti alle otto. We will be ready at eight.
Dovra’ studiare se vorra’ riusciare.He will have to study if he wants to succeed.
Pagherai tu il conto? Will you pay the bill?
A che ora mangerete? At what time will you eat?
Prometto che non berro’ piu’.
Nota Bene:
When the main verb of the sentence is in the future, the verb of a
subordinate clause introduced by SE, QUANDO or APPENA (as soon as) is also in the future:
Andremo alla spiaggia se fara’ bello.
Ti raccontero’ tutto quando ti vedro’.
Mi scrivera’ appena arrivera’ a Roma.
Che ora sono? Probabilita’
Sara’ l’una._______________________________
SuperCiao IB pagina 92
Auguri! CAPITOLO 5
Obiettivi
Esprimere sorpresa
Invitare
Accettare e/o rifutare un invito
Chiedere e dare informazioni
Formule di cortesia e/o augurali
La maggiore eta’ in Italia
Le abilitazioni alla guida in Italia
Feste di compleanno: usi e consuetudini italiane
Attenzione all’hAh! > esclamazione
Ha > verbo avere
Oh! > esclamazione
Ho > verbo avere
Da Festa.....a festoso
Festeggiamenti: tutte le cose che si fanno per far la festa
Festeggiato/a: la persona per la quale si fa la festa
Festivita’: giornata per la quale si fa la festa
Festivo: giorno di festa, non di lavoro
Festoso: comportamento di una persona che fa festa.
Nota Bene: AVVERBI
Maria compie gli anni oggi.
Bene, vado volentieri alla sua festa.
Dove e’ (Dov’ e’ )la festa? A casa o in pizzeria? A casa.
Tu preferisci la pizzeria per stare con gli amici?
Assolutamente no: molto meglio in casa!
I documenti personali
La carta d’identita’ contiene i dati personali. E’ un documento di riconoscimento.
La patente di guida autorizza a guidare un mezzo di trasporto su strada: motocicletta, automobile...
Il codice fiscale contiene le sigle di riconoscimento di una persona. Serve sopratutto per ragioni di lavoro.
la torta
la torta
Salatini
biscotti
Forchette
Bicchiere di carta
piattini
Carnevale
Venezia:
Carnevale- Una Festa ItalianaCarnevale
Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Carnevale (disambigua).
"Carnevale a Roma", olio su tela di Johannes Lingelbach.
Il carnevale è una festa che si celebra nei paesi di tradizione cristiana (soprattutto in quelli di tradizione cattolica). I festeggiamenti si svolgono spesso in pubbliche parate in cui dominano
elementi giocosi e fantasiosi; in particolare, l'elemento distintivo e caratterizzante del carnevale è
Carro allegorico del Carnevale di ViareggioCarnevale è da sempre la festa dei bambini, ma coinvolge anche gli adulti. Anzi, si potrebbe dire che è un modo per i grandi di ritornare bambini, allegri e spensierati, approfittando di questi giorni per giustificare l'allegria e le stramberie che raggiungono i livelli massimi nella settimana di chiusura del Carnevale.
Le origini della festa sono religiose, infatti il Carnevale è collegato direttamente alla Pasqua, che cade sempre la domenica dopo il primo plenilunio (luna piena) di primavera.Dalla Pasqua si sottraggono 6 settimane (di cui 5 sono di Quaresima) e la settimana precedente ad esse è quella in cui si festeggia il Carnevale.Questa parola deriva forse dal latino medievale "carnem levare", cioè "togliere la carne" dalla dieta, in osservanza al divieto cattolico di mangiare carne durante la Quaresima.
Protagoniste del Carnevale da sempre sono le Maschere classiche più conosciute. Pare che la più antica fra queste sia Arlecchino, originario di Bergamo. Nel secolo XVI da Venezia venne la maschera di Pantalone e da Napoli Pulcinella, seguiti dal Dottor Balanzone di Bologna.Gli altri famosi personaggi del Carnevale italiano vengono da Torino (Gianduia), da Firenze (Stenterello), da Bergamo ancora (Brighella) e da Venezia il personaggio femminile più famoso che è Colombina.
Anche in molti Paesi del mondo il Carnevale è una festa che viene vissuta senza risparmio di energie.
Ecco alcuni esempi di Carnevali famosi:•••in Italia
Naviga e scopri••••••••••••••••••••••
••Le Maschere•ArlecchinoTante notizie sulla celebre maschera bergamasca•PulcinellaVisita il Museo della maschera napoletana•PantaloneLa maschera veneziana più conosciuta•BrighellaIl servo bergamasco, furbo e attaccabrighe•GiandujaLa maschera torinese•BalanzoneIl dottore di Bologna•MidisegniI disegni delle Maschere tradizionali da colorare
Carnevale online•Filastrocche.itUn megaspeciale per Carnevale con un po' di tutto•SiportalSpeciale Carnevale per la Sicilia•Costumi onlineCerchi un costume o vuoi uno spunto per farne uno?
•Carnevale di VeneziaIl più celebre Carnevale italiano•ViareggioIl Carnevale più spettacolare•PutignanoAnche qui si fanno bellissimi carri•CentoDenominato Carnevale d'Europa•IvreaAltro storico Carnevale da non perdere.•VersiliaAncora Viareggio e la Versilia•FanoRisale al XIV secolo e oggi è tra i più famosi•S.Eraclio di FolignoIl Carnevale dei ragazzi•AcirealeIl più bel Carnevale di Sicilia•SanthiàIl più antico Carnevale del Piemonte•SciaccaIl bellissimo Carnevale di Sciacca Terme (AG)•ImolaIl Carnevale dei Fantaveicoli•BussetoIl Gran Carnevale di Busseto (Parma)•••nel mondo•Rio de JaneiroIl più famoso al mondo•NizzaUn Carnevale francese•Sainte-CroixUn Carnevale svizzero•MaslenitsaIl Carnevale in Russia•Disneyland ParisUn Carnevale particolare per i bimbi
•Costumi di scenaVuoi qualche idea per il tuo costume di Carnevale?•Carnevale CommunityUn sito dedicato esclusivamente al Carnevale•InfanziaWebLo speciale sul Carnevale del sito Infanzia Web•BambinopoliMaschere, feste in casa, tradizioni di Carnevale•LannaroncaMaschere e accessori carnevaleschi da costruire•IsolamagicaLo speciale Carnevale per i piccoli•CartoniOnLineMaschere da ritagliare•Carnevale in ItaliaTutte le città che organizzano il Carnevale•QuantomancaSpeciale Carnevale!
Poesie e racconti•CarnevaleCarnevale in filastrocca•Il Re del CarnevaleUn racconto•Notte di CarnevaleUna storia di Sicilia•FilastroccheFilastrocche sul Carnevale•I giochi di ElioIl Carnevale nel sito del grande Elio!
Battaglia delle Arance allo Storico Carnevale di Ivrea
Il Carnevale di Venezia, il Carnevale di Viareggio, lo Storico Carnevale di Ivrea e in Sicilia il Carnevale di Sciacca e di Palazzolo Acreide sono considerati tra i più importanti al mondo. La
loro fama, difatti, travalica i confini nazionali e sono in grado di attrarre turisti sia dall'Italia che dall'estero. Il Carnevale più lungo d'Italia è però quello di Putignano.
Uno dei carnevali più antichi d'Italia arrivato ai giorni nostri è il Carnevale di Verona, risalente al tardo medioevo ed il cui nome originale è Bacanàl del Gnoco.
Il Carnevale di Venezia è conosciuto per la bellezza dei costumi, lo sfarzo dei festeggiamenti nella magica atmosfera della Laguna e consta di diversi giorni fitti di manifestazioni di svariato tipo: mostre d'arte, sfilate di moda, spettacoli teatrali ecc.
Il Carnevale di Viareggio è uno dei più importanti e maggiormente apprezzati carnevali a livello internazionale. A caratterizzarlo sono i carri allegorici più o meno grandi che sfilano nelle domeniche fra gennaio e febbraio e sui quali troneggiano enormi caricature in cartapesta di uomini famosi nel campo della politica, della cultura o dello spettacolo, i cui tratti caratteristici, specialmente quelli somatici, vengono sottolineati con satira ed ironia.
Lo Storico Carnevale di Ivrea, famoso per il suo momento culminante della Battaglia delle Arance, è invece considerato uno tra i più antichi e particolari al mondo[18], seguendo un cerimoniale più volte modificatosi nel corso dei secoli. L'intero carnevale ha il pregio di rappresentare, sotto forma di allegoria, la rivolta dei cittadini per la libertà dal tiranno della città, probabilmente raineri di Biandrate, ucciso dalla Mugnaia su cui si apprestava ad esercitare lo jus primae noctis. Fu quell'evento a innescare la guerra civile rappresentata dalla battaglia tra il popolo e le truppe reali che viene rievocata durante il carnevale, dove le squadre di Aranceri a piedi (ossia il popolo) difendono le loro piazze dagli aranceri su carri (ossia l'esercito) a colpi di arance a rappresentare le frecce, mentre tra le vie della città sfila il corteo della Mugnaia che lancia dolci e regali alla popolazione.
Il Carnevale di Sciacca rinomato per la bellezza delle sue opere in cartapesta realizzate dai locali maestri ceramisti, è il carnevale più antico di Sicilia ,con origini che risalgono al periodo romano. Oggi è caratterizzato da sfilate di bellissimi carri allegorici che percorrono l'antico centro della città accompagnati da gruppi mascherati che danno vita a coreografie realizzate sulle note di musiche a tema. Tutto ciò rende questo carnevale uno tra i più affascinanti e divertenti.
La Puglia è la regione italiana con il maggior numero di manifestazioni abbinate alla lotteria nazionale del carnevale: il già citato Carnevale di Putignano, Carnevale di Massafra, Carnevale di Gallipoli, Carnevale Dauno a Manfredonia e il Carnevale Terranovese a Poggio Imperiale.
Carnevale ambrosiano[modifica]
Spilla di latta, con i ritratti di Meneghino e Cecca, la coppia tipica del Carnevale Ambrosiano, del Carnevalone 1885
Dove si osserva il rito ambrosiano, ovvero nella maggior parte delle chiese dell'arcidiocesi di Milano e in alcune delle diocesi vicine, la Quaresima inizia con la prima domenica di Quaresima; l'ultimo giorno di carnevale è il sabato, 4 giorni dopo rispetto al martedì in cui termina dove si osserva il rito romano.
La tradizione vuole che il vescovo sant'Ambrogio fosse impegnato in un pellegrinaggio e avesse annunciato il proprio ritorno per carnevale, per celebrare i primi riti della Quaresima in città. La popolazione di Milano lo aspettò prolungando il carnevale sino al suo arrivo, posticipando il rito delle Ceneri che nell'arcidiocesi milanese si svolge la prima domenica di Quaresima.
In realtà la differenza è dovuta al fatto che anticamente la Quaresima iniziava dappertutto di domenica, i giorni dal mercoledì delle Ceneri alla domenica successiva furono introdotti nel rito romano per portare a quaranta i giorni di digiuno effettivo, tenendo conto che le domeniche non erano mai stati giorni di digiuno.
Questo carnevale, presente con diverse tradizioni anche in altre parti dell'Italia, prende il nome di carnevalone.
italiane Quasi ogni regione in Italia ha la sua maschera. Ogni maschera oltre ad un costume particolare ha un carattere che lo caratterizza. Di seguito:- Storia della maschera- Le maschere più famose: Arlecchino, Balanzone, Brighella, Colombina, Gianduia, Pantalone, Pierrot,
Meneghino, Pulcinella, altre maschere.
Vedi anche: "Quando si festeggia il carnevale. Perchè ci si maschera. Il significato religioso. Carnevale ambrosiano. Carnevale nell'antichità. Il nome. Maschere popolari. Coriandoli e stelle filanti. Carnevali famosi in Italia e all'estero."
"Ricette tipiche".
STORIA DELLA MASCHERA.L'uso della maschera è antichissimo e si può già ritrovare all’origine della storia degli uomini. Venne utilizzata fin dalla preistoria per rituali religiosi, rappresentazioni teatrali o feste popolari come il carnevale. probabilmente deriva dal latino medioevale màsca, strega, tuttora utilizzato in tal senso nella lingua piemontese. Si trova traccia dell'origine del termine nell'antico alto tedesco e nel provenzale masc, stregone. Dal significato originale si giunge successivamente a quello di fantasma, larva, aspetto camuffato per incutere paura. Alcuni la fanno derivare dalla locuzione araba maschara o mascharat, buffonata, burla. Originariamente era indossata per nascondere le fattezze umane e, nel corso di cerimonie religiose, per allontanare gli spiriti maligni. In seguito, prima nel teatro greco, successivamente in quello romano (vedi foto in alto: maschere tragicomiche), la maschera venne usata regolarmente dagli attori per sottolineare la personalità e il carattere del personaggio messo in scena, fino al fiorire in Italia della "Commedia dell'Arte".
ARLECCHINO.Arlecchino è un servo di Bergamo, lazzarone e truffaldino, in perenne litigio col suo padrone. Il suo nome deriva dal medioevo francese: Harlequin, o
Herlequin o Hellequin. Ha un carattere stravagante e scanzonato, ma furbo. Costume: Indossa un vestito di pezze colorate fermate da una cintura, pantaloni larghi e comodi, un cappellaccio sformato con pennacchio di coda di coniglio o una piuma e una maschera nera sugli occhi.
BALANZONE.Il dottor Balanzone, nasce a Bologna, e deve il suo nome alla “balanza”, cioè la bilancia, simbolo della giustizia dei tribunali. E' un personaggio pedante e brontolone; parla tanto e non conclude niente, ma anche dotto e sapiente. Costume: cappello nero a larghe falde, toga lunga e nera, panciotto, pantaloni neri, merletto bianco sui polsi e, sul collo, un colletto di pizzo, calze bianche e scarpe nere con tacco. Ha i baffetti all’insù. Molto spesso tiene un libro sotto il braccio che completa la sua immagine.
BRIGHELLA.Con Arlecchino sono i servi della commedia dell'arte, ed entrambi sono nati a Bergamo. Fa un'infinità di altri mestieri, più o meno leciti ed onesti, ritrovandosi sempre in mezzo a svariati intrighi. Caratteristica del carattere è la prontezza e l'agilità della mente, nell'escogitare inganni e trappole in cui far cadere il prossimo. E' intrigante, molto furbo, e bugiardo. Costume: indossa la giacca e i pantaloni decorati di galloni verdi e con scarpe nere con pon pon verdi. Il mantello è bianco con due strisce verdi, la maschera e il cappello sono neri.
COLOMBINA.Servetta veneziana, è la fidanzata di Arlecchino, anche se lui non sembra volerla sposare. È molto vanitosa, un po’ civetta e ci tiene ad avere sempre un bell’aspetto. Colombina indossa una cuffietta, un corpetto verde stretto in vita, con una profonda scollatura ed ampie maniche a sbuffo, la gonna arricciata a righe e rialzata sul davanti da un nastro di raso rosso, un grembiule bianco e scarpine bianche a punta con nastro rosso. E’ giovane e arguta, dalla parola facile e maliziosa, abile a risolvere con destrezza le situazioni più intricate.
GIANDUIA.E' la maschera di Torino. Dal suo nome deriva quello della cioccolata gianduia e del famoso cioccolatino "Gianduiotto". E’ un intenditore di vini doc e la sua vera passione sono le osterie. Galantuomo allegro e dotato di buon senso ama, oltre al buon vino, anche la buona tavola.Costume: Indossa un costume di panno color marrone, bordato di rosso, con un panciotto giallo e le calze rosse. La maschera è nata alla fine del '700, in pieno regime bonapartista.
PANTALONE.Nasce a Venezia intorno alla metà del '500 e rappresenta il tipo del vecchio mercante avaro e lussurioso, vizioso e che insidia le giovani innamorate, le cortigiane, e più spesso le servette della commedia. Il nome Pantalone deriva da “Pianta Leone”, come venivano definiti coloro che, con la scusa di conquistare nuove terre per Venezia, piantavano la bandiera di San Marco su ogni terra che trovavano. Costume: Indossa uno zucchetto, giubba e
calzamaglia rossi, con babbucce e mantello nero.
PIERROT.L ’innamorato malinconico e dolce. La pigrizia gli impedisce di muoversi come gli altri personaggi della Commedia; é sicuramente il più intelligente dei servi, svelto nel linguaggio, critica gli errori dei padroni e spesso finge di non capire i loro ordini, eseguendoli al contrario, non per stupidità, ma perché li ritiene sbagliati. Costume: Indossa larghi pantaloni di lucida seta bianca, lunga casacca guarnita di grossi bottoni neri, ampio colletto, papalina sul capo, volto pallido e triste, spesso, una lacrima gli scende sul viso.
MENEGHINO.E' di Milano, lo spiritoso Meneghino (diminutivo di Domeneghin), servitore rozzo ma di buon senso che, desideroso di mantenere la sua libertà, non fugge quando deve schierarsi al fianco del suo popolo. Generoso e sbrigativo, è abile nel deridere i difetti degli aristocratici. "Domenighin" era il soprannome del servo, che la domenica accompagnava le nobildonne milanesi a messa o a passeggio. Costume: porta un cappello a tre punte e la parrucca con codino alla francese, una lunga giacca marrone, calzoni corti e calze a righe rosse e
bianche.
PULCINELLA.Figura buffa e goffa E’ una delle maschere italiane più popolari. Probabilmente originaria di Napoli: il suo nome deriverebbe dal napoletano “polene” (pulce o piccolo pulcino). Impertinente, pazzerello, chiacchierone, ama il dolce far niente escluso il mangiare e il bere. E' spesso oggetto di pesanti bastonate che suscitano ilarità. Costume: ha la gobba, porta un cappello a punta, una maschera nera con il naso adunco, un camiciotto e i calzoni molto larghi e bianchi. Porta con sé un
mandolino. Le sue scarpe sono nere e lunghe con dei calzini rosa scuro.
Altre maschere popolari italiane: Capitan Spaventa (Liguria), Rugantino (teatro romano), Giangurgolo (Calabria), Scaramuccia (Campania), Stenterello (Firenze), Beltrame (Milano), Blumari (Montefosca, UD), Bumbasina (Busto Arsizio, VA), Burlamacco (Viareggio, LU), Capitan Matamoros, Capo Valàr (Lazise, VR), Farinella (Putignano, BA), Gioppino (Bergamo).
SuperCiao pagina 97 Feste di compleanno
Pair work: lavorate insieme:
Quanti anni compie Paolo?
Quanti amici invita alla sua festa?
Che regalo gli hanno portato
Che cosa hanno mangiato?
Fino a che ora sono rimasti a casa sua ?
Chi e’ andato via per primo?
Chi per ultimo?
Che cosa fa Paolo alle fine della festa
LA PRATICA!
SuperCiao IB pagina 98
Attivita’ ascoltare
A. Quante feste in un anno!
Abina gli elementi ai nomi delle feste.
Esempio: PANATTONE
B. Ascolta e scrivi alcuni frasi.
Esempio:
-Natale a Natale si mangia il panettone
-il panettone e’ il dolce tipico del Natale.
Il Natale si vede anche per le strade: luci, colore e musica.
Tutti comperano piccoli e grandi doni per i familiari e per gli amici.
Preparano i bigliette di auguri, o mandano gli auguri via mail
Invitano tutti i parenti per trascorrrere il giornodi Natale in famiglia.
Attivita’ 3
Giorni di festa: Acsolta le descrizione e rispondi alle domande
In che giorno e meso si festeggia il Natale?
Che cosa si prepara per il Natale?
Quando arriva la befana?
Che cosa porta in dono?
A chi?
Che cosa fanno i nostri amici a Capodano?
Come si festeggia de solito il compleanno
COMPITICapitolo 5STUDIATE!
In Bocca al Lupo!