indoor coverage

8/6/2019 Indoor Coverage

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NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Indoor CoverageIndoor CoverageSolutionsSolutions

V. MerleV. MerleRF Solutions Engineer RF Solutions Engineer GSM SolutionsGSM Solutions06/17/9906/17/99



2Mobistar - 06/17 - 2NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Indoor Solutions Objectives

Indoor Market

includes awide range of applicationsfor operators




Agenda Agenda

• Indoor Coverage SolutionsIndoor Coverage Solutions – Indoor Solutions approaches – RF distribution System

• Indoor Radio DimensioningIndoor Radio Dimensioning

• Corporate Coverage SpecificityCorporate Coverage Specificity• Indoor Design Process OutlinesIndoor Design Process Outlines

• Indoor RealizationsIndoor Realizations – Example : Corporate Coverage with PicoNode




Indoor Coverage Solutions

WhichIndoor Solution ?

?

Source




Macrocell & Indoor Application

Macrocell Densification

• Indoor coverage improvement, especially for higher floors

• Difficulty to get perfect indoor coverage,

especially for low floors, undergroundparking & deep indoor • No extra capacity extension if not taken intoaccount from the start




Microcell solution

Higher sitesdensity

• Good coverage solution, especially for lower floors• High capacity solution• High spectrum efficiency

• High density of sites higher cost

• Problem of dimensioning the macro/microcell in order to cope with building generatedtraffic• Localized solution• Problem of atypical areas

Macro

µ cell




Repeater solution

Extension of theoutdoor coveragecoming from amacro/microcell

• Coverage everywhere in indoor areas

• Fast & low cost solution

• No extra capacity

Possible overload of the serving cell• Limited power solution• Possible BTS blocking & BTS desensitivity

Fine tuning of repeater amplifier gains




Picocell solution

Dedicated cellsfor theconsidered buildings • Coverage everywhere in indoor areas

• Capacity extension into indoor areas

• Highest spectrum efficiency

• Higher design load : specific design for specific building




Indoor System

2 key points

- BTS source

- RF system

Indoor Objectives

- Good coverage- Good quality - Traffic capture

DAS

BTS

Repeater

RF system

*

DAS : Distributed Antenna System




RF Distribution System

System choice depends on :

• Building form & size

• Required capacity/coverage/quality • Available spectrum• Installation constraints

• Reuse of existing infrastructure• Resources constraints• Cost

Repeater & Picocell solution specific

Coaxial cable• + Antenna• + Leaky feeder

Distributed Antenna System• Optic Fiber DAS • CATV • Coax + Power

Amplifier

Distributed BaseStations (DBS)




Indoor RF system

Existing infrastructure

Confinement request

Interferencecompetition

2 MainTechnologies

• Coaxial feeder (antenna / leaky cable)— widely used solution

— large band system

— low hardware cost

— installation constraints and costs

•Optic Fiber System (DAS)— new technology

— possible optic infrastructure reuse

— high hardware cost

— low installation cost & constraints

— low EIRP distributed antenna approach




Coaxial cable + Antenna

— Expectation of high EIRP

— Wide area to cover

— For small building coverage (3-5 floors) or small distribution distance (100 m)

— Localized source : careful attention on proximity of apertures to minimizeoutside leaking

— Limited deployment system

— Installation constraints

Sufficient power to guaranteeantennae EIRP &compensation of feeder losses

Careful attentionon source

position to ensurecoverage over targeted area




Coaxial cable + Leaky feeder

— For small building coverage (3-5 floors) or small distributiondistance

— Homogeneous indoor coverage

— Very low outside radiation application

— Good confinement possibility

— Installation constraints

But no strong

signal … Jammer overcome ?

New solution :Flat StripRadiax




Optic Fiber System (1)

• Various OEM Fiber distributed antennasolutions— Monomode

— Multimode

• Nearly identical RF performances

• Best solution criteria :— material & installation cost

Use of fiber optic cables for signal distribution




Optic Fiber System (2)

— Low-loss low-noise fiber optics transceivers for signal conversion— For huge building (> 5 floors) & wide distribution distance (1-2 km)

with no attenuation

— Possible infrastructure reuse

— Low installation cost and constraints – ease of installation – small discrete flexible cable

– no bulky feeder trays required – minimal disruption to functions or staff

— Low output power & same low EIRP for all connected antennas

— Critical deployment speed

— Higher hardware cost

Appropriate In- building coverage for

scattered buildings




Indoor Radio Dimensioning

How todimension the

Indoor network ?




Indoor Solution

• Build your Indoor solution considering :

— Capacity needs

— Spectrum availability

—Frequency Planning

— Quality of Service

— Coverage requests

— Interference control

—Building architecture

— BSS features

BTS

RF system

&

C a p a c

i t y

R F d e s i

g n

2 dimensioningpoints

- Capacity - Coverage




• Repeater / BTS Constraints

— Traffic needs & capacity evolution— Spectrum availability

— Possible frequency planning

— Power requirement issues

— Installation issues

• Nortel Networks Solutions

Capacity dimensioning

Who is thetargeted user?

Which quality of service ?

What spectrumcan be used?

First input for RF design

Capacity solutions Power solutions

• Small Capacity :• 2 TRXs S2000L / H• up to 3 TRXs CorporatePiconode & distributedpBTS portfolio

• High Capacity : S8000

• Low Power :• 2W & 8W Piconode BTS• 2.5W S2000L

• High Power :• 24W S2000H• 30W S8000




Frequency Plan

High spectrumefficiency possibility

Frequency Hopping

• Spectrum reuse

— 3 dimensional frequency planning

— by floor — from floor to floor

• Fractional reuse

— MAIO / HSN allocation per building / floor

MA1

MA2

Three dimensional frequency planning




1 single band for the wholenetwork

Outdoor +Indoor

• Single band for outdoor and indoor

Is there dedicated spectrum for indoor, how

much ?• Designing indoor radio network with spectrum

constraints – Careful borrow from distant macro cells for indoor

frequencies – Efficiency of the coverage confinement

• Optimized outdoor spectrum utilization can savesome spare frequencies for indoor design

Whole spectrum for the network

Outdoor Indoorµ cell

Spectrum sharing

Nortel solutions:BCCH plan

AFP TCH planFractional reuse

Sparefrequenciesfor indoor




• Installation constraints— Accessibility

— Distributed system : feeder runs, feeder trays …

— Antenna type (omni, panel, …)

• Minimize Cost— Equipment : BTS system, feeders, splitters, antennas,

connectors, amplifiers, …

— Installation

— Maintenance (distributed system, active elements, …)

— Transmission / Power, equipment room (leasing)

Design Constraints




Corporate Coverage Specificity




Indoor Operator Approach

• Corporate Service Offer — Commitments on QoS for a specific end-client

— Deskset / gsm mobile interoperability

— Dedicated sub-network

— PBX like Services

• Corporate Coverage— High quality of Coverage / QoS Improvement

— Good voice quality

— Traffic Capture— Part of PLMN Network Extension / Optimization

Operator interests

One solutiondedicated toone building




Corporate Coverage Specificities

• Type of customers (operators, building owner, companyrepresentatives, …)

• Specific Corporate environment

• High QoC & high QoS expected : corporate coverage should beoptimum

• Capacity availability— Specific subscriber : high penetration rate (~ 50%)

— Specific corporate call profile

• Specific features :— dialing plan, specific billing, PBX extension, supplementary services,

data ...




Indoor DesignProcess Outlines




Indoor RF Design Process

2 Strategies :

• Careful designMeasurementsmandatory • Fast designonly Optimization

Cooperationneeded with :

• Building owner • Site engineer • I&C team

P r e r e q u i s i t e s P h a

s e

R F D e s i g n P h a s e

S y s t e m D e p l o y

m e n t P h a s e

1- Customer requirements

2- RF prerequisites

4- RF design

5- RF validation

3- BTS / Repeater choice

RFM Measurements& Site survey

RFM MeasurementsSimulationsI&C

7- System deployment

8- System validation RSV Measures

* Example for 3-5fl buildings




Indoor realizations

E l 1 C A




Example 1 : Coax + Antenna

Antenna

Splitter Coax

3 floors building, S2000L

• 7/8“ foam coax cable propagation attenuation : 4.2 dB/100m• 1/2” superflexible coax cable

propagation attenuation : 11.5 dB/100m

Limiting point : RF distribution loss 13 dB (50m 1/2 ’’ + 2 splitters)

Solution widely used in HK, Singapore,..

S2000

BTS parameters

Hybrid coupler

Jumpers

2*1:2 splitter

50 m coax cable + connectors

2dBi antenna

RF Distribution loss

Slow mobile margin

Body loss

Mobile antenna gain

Mobile parameter

Downlink

34 dBm

3 dB

1 dB

6 dB

6 dB

2 dBi

13 dB

6 dB

3 dB

2 dBi

33 dBm

-104 dBm

Uplink

Total Link

Worst Link budget

Indoor minimum field

EIRP antenna #1

EIRP antenna #2

EIRP antenna #3

Design Threshold

112

dBm112 dBm

-91 dBm

23 dBm

20 dBm

19 dBm

-78 dBm

Downlink

115

dBmDownlink limited

Uplink




Example 1 : Coax + Antenna

-3 dB-3 dB

-1 dB

29.5 dBm (-10)

19.5 dBm -1 dB

-1 dB -1 dB

-1 dB

14.5 dBm 10.5 dBm 10.5 dBm

Splitter 1*2Antenna

1 2 3

Power splitter usual or directional

Bidirectional amplifier/ repeater

for huge deployment scale

Amplifier gain to be tuned carefullyImpact on Noise figure and sensitivity

Antenna location- EMC risks

- MPE limits- Blocking

Solution used in UK, Singapore

BTSS2000L




Example 2 : Corporate Coveragewith PicoNode




Corporate Offer

• NORTEL provides a dedicated Corporateapproach with PicoNode ensuring one localGSM Switching with PBX connection toprovide one unique solution to end-users.

• This solution is somehow equivalent to onesmall sized GSM system as it integratesMSC, BSC & some BTS in one really compactsystem.

Combo :

MSC/BSC/BTS in one box




Corporate Coverage withPicoNode specificities (1)

• Picocell traffic management— The objective is to save some resources of the picocell; non-

Corporate subscribers must be directed to the macrocellular network.

— Need for “better field strength” approach implying accurate RF

design & tuning – careful attention on frequency plan change – careful attention on new BTS introduction

• HO characteristics— Handover facility requested to ensure a seamless service at

entrance points.— No HO Ping-Pong between the Picocell & the Macrocell.

Future effectivesolution [R6] :SOLSA




Corporate Coverage withPicoNode specificities (2)• Frequency sharing

— Leakage issues

– from “no specific attention” to “no field radiated outside”

specific requests of radio thresholds : highest limit for outside radiation (e.g. -90 dBm@50%)

— Spectrum issues – dedicated spectrum or reuse of some spectrum used outdoor macrocells :

number of frequencies = number of TRXs

2 key points

• Leakage

• Spectrum




Piconode Datafill ParametersSetting (1)

• Favor selection & reselection towards thePiconode network for all mobiles enteringin the corporate building

– RxLevAccessMin(pcells) <= RxLevAccessMin(ext. cells) - 10

– BA list(ext. cells) = all picocells

• Ensure Piconode services & coveragecontinuity in the building

– BA list(pcells) = neighbors of 2nd crown – CellReselectionHysteresis(pcells) at max value (14dBm)

PicoCells : samecelltype as PLMN cells

2 users types(public & hybrid)




Piconode Datafill ParametersSetting (2)

• Reserve radio resources for Corporate users & push outpublic users— Favor HO towards external cells

– HO inter-BSC for visitor users – No possible HO for Hybrid users (inter-MSC)

– HO neighbors(pcells) = external cells – Standard value for RxLevMinCells(ext. Cells)

– Min. value of HO Margin

— Harden HO towards picocells except if external cells coverage is notgood enough

– High value for RxLevMinCells(pcells)

– HO Margin = +20 dB




Corporate approachNortel GSM Hdq, Guyancourt, FranceCorporate network

BTS BPicoNode

BTS APicoNode

Splitter B

Feeder

Feeder Antenna

Leaky cable

Antenna

Antenna

Leaky cable

Leaky cable

Connector

Connector

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Splitter

drycolumn

drycolumn

Wing BWing A

3rd F

2nd F

1st F

Gd F

1st Gd F

Liftr Lift

Load50 Ohms

Load50 Ohms

Load50 Ohms

LGC-FMHFiber

Fiber Fiber

F i b e r

F i b e r

F i b e

r

F i b e r

Twisted pair

Feeder Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

Feeder

EH RAU RAU

RAU

RAURAU

RAU

RAU

Splitter Splitter

Splitter Splitter

Splitter Splitter

Splitter

EH

EH

EH

Twisted pair

Twisted pair




Strategic Locations

• 1 antenna per floor

• 2 antennae per floor

• 3 antennae per floor

• Leaky feeder input power

Pico Cellsdefinition :

• one or a groupof floors

• a wing of abuilding

•a building

among ascattered campus



39

Mobistar - 06/17 - 39NORTEL NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL

Coax + Leaky feeder (1)

Leaky cable 120m

Guyancourt, France, Montgolfier Corporate applicationDesign threshold -70dBm

1/2 ’ Superflex leaky cable



42

Conclusion

• Issue : coverage of one specific area

• Needs : traffic / coverage / spectrum /services / building characterization

• Choice : one technology adapted to oneenvironment

•Benefits :— In-building coverage

— Corporate Services

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