gramática 1.2 affirmative informal commands negative informal commands el 15/16 de octubre
TRANSCRIPT
Gramática 1.2 Affirmative Informal Commands
Negative Informal Commands
el 15/16 de octubre
Notes
• You will copy the following notes on page 57 of your INB.
• The title for this section will be:Affirmative Informal (Tú) Commands
• If you run out of room, get a loose leaf-paper and continue your notes there.
Commands
• A command tells a person or group of people what to do or what not to do.
• An affirmative command tells someone what to do.
• An informal (or tú) command is used when you – are talking to one person AND– you would normally address him/her with tú
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Forming commands
• To form an affirmative tú command:1.Conjugate the verb in the tú form and2.Drop the “s”
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• bailar - to dance• Bailas. - You dance.• ¡Baila! - Dance!
• comer - to eat• Tú comes. - You eat.• ¡Come! - Eat!
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What would happen with stem-changers?
• escribir - to write• Escribes. - You write• ¡Escribe! - Write!
• pensar - to think• Piensas. - You think.• ¡Piensa! - Think!
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Affirmative Commands Practice
A. Turn the following infinitives into an affirmative tú command and translate. Write the Spanish command, then the English meaning of the command.
1. estudiar ______________________2. leer ______________________3. bailar ______________________4. hablar ______________________5. ayudar ______________________6. comprar ______________________7. cocinar ______________________8. pagar ______________________9. comer ______________________10. beber ______________________11. correr ______________________12. vivir ______________________13. asistir ______________________
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B. Turn the following infinitives into an affirmative tú command and translate. Write the Spanish command, then the English meaning of the command.
1. pensar ________________2. cerrar ________________3. volver ________________4. contar ________________5. dormir ________________6. pedir ________________7. servir ________________
¡Come! – Eat!
¡Lee! – Read!¡Baila! – Dance!¡Habla! – Talk!¡Ayuda! – Help!¡Compra! – Buy!¡Cocina! – Cook!¡Paga! – Pay!
¡Estudia! – Study!
¡Bebe! – Drink!¡Corre! – Run!¡Vive! – Live!¡Asiste! – Attend!
¡Piensa! – Think!¡Cierra! – Close!¡Vuelve! – Return!¡Cuenta! – Count!¡Duerme! – Sleep!¡Pide! – Ask!¡Sirve! – Serve!
Irregular affirmative tú commands57
Venir ven (come)Decir di (say/tell)Salir sal (leave)Hacer haz (make)Tener ten (have)Ir ve (go)Poner pon (put)Ser sé (be)
An easy way to remember is…
• Vin Diesel has ten weapons.
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Yo, I got ten weapons.
Yo, I got ten weapons.
Venir ven (come)Decir di (say/tell)Salir sal (leave)Hacer haz (make)Tener ten (have)Ir ve (go)Poner pon (put)Ser sé (be)
Irregular Affirmative Commands Practice
C. Write the following sentences in Spanish using commands:
1. Put the salad on the table! ___________________________2. Be careful! ___________________________3. Make a sandwich! ___________________________4. Leave now! ___________________________5. Be nice! ___________________________
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¡Pon la ensalada en la mesa!¡Ten cuidado!
¡Haz un sándwich!¡Sal ahora!
¡Sé simpático!
Notes
• You will copy the following notes on page 59 of your INB.
• The title for this section will be:Negative Informal (Tú) Commands
• If you run out of room, get a loose leaf-paper and continue your notes there.
How would you define a negative command?
• A negative command tells someone what NOT to do.
• A negative informal command is used when you are telling someone you would address with tú what not to do.
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To form a negative tú command…
• Put no before the verb.
• Start with the yo form of the verb.
1. Drop the “o”
2. For –ar verbs: add -es
For –er and –ir verbs: add -as
• These are the opposite endings!
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To form a negative tú command…
• Negative Command Rap – Put it in the “yo” form,Drop the “-o,”Add the opposite ending, And your ready to go.
For example…
• bailar bailo bail- no bailes (Don’t dance!)
• comer como no comas (Don’t eat!)
• abrir abro no abras (Don’t open!)
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Negative Commands Practice
D. Write the NEGATIVE command for each, then write what the command means in English.
1.Hablar ____________________2.Correr ____________________3.Interrumpir __________________________4.Patinar ____________________5.Escribir ____________________
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¡No hables! – Don’t talk!
¡No corras! – Don’t run!
¡No interrumpas! – Don’t interrupt!
¡No patines! – Don’t skate!
¡No escribas! – Don’t write!
We need to be careful with what type of verb!
• Irregular yo forms!
• No poner la mesa
• pongo pong-
• ¡No pongas la mesa! (Don’t set the table!)
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Irregular commands
• There are irregular commands for both affirmative and negative commands.
• The verbs that are irregular for affirmative and negative are not all the same.
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Irregular Negative Tú Command
• These irregulars are different• Ser no seas (Don’t be!)• Ir no vayas (Don’t go!)• Dar no des (Don’t give!)• Estar no estés (Don’t be!)• Saber no sepas (Don’t know!*)• Think SIDES
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E. Write the negative command for each verb!1. no estudiar ______________________2. no leer ______________________3. no tener ______________________4. no salir ______________________5. no ayudar ______________________6. no comprar ______________________7. no dormir ______________________8. no decir ______________________9. no pensar ______________________10.no beber ______________________11.no correr ______________________12.no hacer ______________________13.no asistir ______________________
Negative Commands Practice58
¡No estudies!¡No leas!¡No tengas!¡No salgas!¡No tengas!¡No compres!¡No duermas!¡No digas!¡No pienses!¡No bebas!¡No corras!¡No hagas!¡No asistas!
Spelling changes
• Verbs that end in -car , -gar or -zar have a spelling change in the negative tú command.
• Can you figure out why?
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Pronounce the following words to yourselfcalorcenaqueque
calor (k) vs. cena (s) vs. queque (k) so c qu
This change happens in the NEGATIVE tú command for verbs that end in –car
Sacar no saques la basura (Don’t take out the trash!)Why only in the negative tú command?
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Pronounce the following words to yourself
gatogenteAguilargato (g) vs. gente (h) vs. Aguilar (g)
so g gu
No pagar no pagues (Don’t pay!)Again this happens in the negative (not affirmative)
tú command.
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• For verbs that end in –zar• z c
• No empezar no empieces (Don’t start!)
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Nota Cultural• El centro de la Ciudad de México está sobre las ruinas de la
ciudad de Tenochtitlan.
Nota Cultural• El Templo Mayor se descubrió en 1978, y es hoy en día un
museo dedicado a la civilización azteca.• ¿Hay restos de otras civilizaciones dónde vives?