los mandatos informales informal commands ven conmigo 2, cap. 5
TRANSCRIPT
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Los mandatos informalesInformal CommandsVen conmigo 2, Cap. 5
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When you want to tell someone what to do: You need to be able to make a
command. In English, a command is when you tell
someone, “Sit down.”, “Don’t smoke.”, etc.
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To make an informal (tú) positive command in Spanish: For regular commands: Take the tú form. Drop the “s”. For example: Hablas►habla
Comes►comeDuermes►duerme
You may notice this is the same as the 3rd person singular form (él/ella/usted)
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Práctica
1. Sleep now!
¡Duerme ahora!
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2. Speak! ¡Habla!
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Irregular positive“tú” commands: Unfortunately,
there is a list! They correspond
to verbs that have an irregular “yo” form:
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There is a pattern: Ten Ven Pon Sal Haz Di Sé Ve
Tener (tengo) Venir (vengo) Poner (pongo) Salir (salgo) Hacer (hago) Decir (digo) Ser (soy) Ir (voy)
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Luckily, there is also a song: It goes to the tune of
“Hava Nagila”, the Jewish wedding song. Remember from Wedding Crashers?
The words are:
Ten Ven Pon Sal Haz Repeat Di Sé Ve
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Now for negative “tú” commands: There are a couple
of easy rules: Take the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the opposite
ending. Put a “no” in front
and an “s” at the end.
(The opposite ending is an “e” for –ar verbs and “a” for –er & –ir verbs.
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Por ejemplo
Hablar►hablo► Habl► Hable► ¡No hables!
Comer►como► Com► Coma► ¡ No comas!
Asistir ►asisto► Asist► Asista► ¡No asistas!
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A couple of notes: When the command is
positive, and the verb is reflexive, the reflexive pronoun is placed at the end, hanging on to the command.
First conjugate the verb into a command, then put the pronoun at the end.
Relajarse► Relaja► ¡Relájate!
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For negative commands with reflexives: The reflexive
pronoun goes BEFORE the conjugated verb.
Relajarse► Relajo► Relaj► Relaje► No relajes…and
finally: ¡No te relajes!
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Más cap. 5 vocabulario Ponerse en forma fumar
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El bienestar (estar bien, sano, contento)
dedicar
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Entrenarse para la competencia
El estrés
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Evitar la grasa El hábito
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Hacer régimen Mantenerse en forma
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relajarse
Respirar profundamente
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La salud
dejar
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Más práctica 3. Don’t smoke! ¡No fumes!
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4. Relax!
¡Relájate!
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5. Don’t go on a diet!
5. No hagas régimen!
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6. Avoid grease! 6. Evita la grasa!
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6a. Avoid sugar! (el azucar)
¡Evita el azucar!
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7. Don’t avoid vegetables! (Remember, take the yo – evito, drop the “o” - evit, add the opposite ending (e for an –ar verb), put “s” at the end and “no” in front.)
7. No evites los vegetales!
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8. Breathe deeply!
8. Respira profundamente!
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8a. Don’t sleep deeply!(Take the yo – duermo , drop the o – duerm, add the opposite ending (a for an –ir verb) + s at the end and no in front)
!No duermas profundamente!
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Mandatos con –car, -gar, zar Remember –car, -
gar, -zar verbs in the preterite? Well when a verb ends with –car, -gar, or –zar, there is a spelling change in the negative tú command as well.
Just like in the preterite, the spelling change is to preserve the sound of the command.
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-car verbs: Practicar: If you
want to make the command negative, you have to follow the same rules:
Take the “yo” Drop the “o” Add the opposite
ending. Put a “no” in front
and an “s” at the end.
To avoid saying, “no practices”(where the c makes the s sound), you need to change the c to que:
No practiques. This preserves the
hard c sound of practicar, instead of the soft c that you hear in the word cine.
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The same is true for –gar verbs.
No avoid saying, “no jueges”, you change g to gu to maintain the hard g sound.
No juegues.
There is also a spelling change in –zar verbs.
The z changes to c:
No empieces.
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Más práctica:
9. Don’t eat lunch in the classroom! No almuerces en
la clase.
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10. Don’t play basketball in the library!
¡No juegues al baloncesto en la biblioteca!
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11. Don’t practice the piano after eating.
No practiques el piano después de comer.