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Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa SilageBarleyBeet PulpBrewers GrainCorn, shelledCorn, crackedCorn, groundCorn GlutenCorn SilageCottonseed, fuzzyFat, dry Fish Meal
Grain Sorghum Grain Sorghum Molasses, dryMolasses, dryOats, wholeOats, rolledPorcine MealRiceRyeSoybean Hull PelletsSoybean MealVitamin BlendWheatWheat BranWheat Middling
Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients
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SourceSourceAlfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff made from whole Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff made from whole
alfalfa plants harvested prior to blooming for superior alfalfa plants harvested prior to blooming for superior
nutrient content. nutrient content.
ProcessingProcessingAlfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff. The alfalfa plants Alfalfa cubes are a processed feedstuff. The alfalfa plants
are harvested prior to blooming at maturity and processed are harvested prior to blooming at maturity and processed
into large cubes. The alfalfa is ground into a meal and into large cubes. The alfalfa is ground into a meal and
mechanically pressed into cubes that are approximately mechanically pressed into cubes that are approximately
the size of ice cubes.the size of ice cubes.
Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Cubes
Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Cubes
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
91%91% 18%18% 29%29%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Processed roughage fed to Processed roughage fed to
increase fiber and protein increase fiber and protein in a grazing dietin a grazing diet
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Fed whole to beef cowsFed whole to beef cows
– Fed whole to horsesFed whole to horses
– Fed whole to ruminant Fed whole to ruminant wildlife, such as buffalo, wildlife, such as buffalo, deer, and elkdeer, and elk
Alfalfa CubesAlfalfa Cubes
SourceSourceAlfalfa leaf meal originates from whole alfalfa plants that Alfalfa leaf meal originates from whole alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to blooming. The leaves of alfalfa are harvested prior to blooming. The leaves of alfalfa contain the highest percentage of nutrients of the plant.contain the highest percentage of nutrients of the plant.
ProcessingProcessingAlfalfa leaf meal is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants Alfalfa leaf meal is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming, and the leaves are are harvested prior to blooming, and the leaves are mechanically removed. The leaves are dried and ground mechanically removed. The leaves are dried and ground into a meal form.into a meal form.
Alfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa Leaf Meal
Alfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa Leaf Meal
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 28%28% 15%15%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Heifer development feedsHeifer development feeds
– Sheep feedsSheep feeds
Alfalfa Leaf MealAlfalfa Leaf Meal
SourceSourceAlfalfa silage originates from whole alfalfa plants that are Alfalfa silage originates from whole alfalfa plants that are harvested prior to blooming. Alfalfa is mowed and air- harvested prior to blooming. Alfalfa is mowed and air- dried prior to harvesting.dried prior to harvesting.
ProcessingProcessingAlfalfa silage is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are Alfalfa silage is a processed feedstuff. Alfalfa plants are harvested prior to blooming and mechanically chopped harvested prior to blooming and mechanically chopped into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote fermentation and to maintain moisture content.fermentation and to maintain moisture content.
Alfalfa SilageAlfalfa Silage
Alfalfa SilageAlfalfa Silage
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
30%30% 18%18% 28%28%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Forage that supplements a Forage that supplements a
high level of protein and high level of protein and moderate levels of fibermoderate levels of fiber
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds
Alfalfa SilageAlfalfa Silage
SourceSourceBarley is widely grown in Europe and the cooler climates Barley is widely grown in Europe and the cooler climates
of North America and Asia. A small percentage is used in of North America and Asia. A small percentage is used in
human consumption, while the remainder is used in the human consumption, while the remainder is used in the
brewing industry and livestock feeds. brewing industry and livestock feeds.
ProcessingProcessingBarley can be fed whole or slightly processed. Barley that Barley can be fed whole or slightly processed. Barley that
has been processed typically has been steamed and rolled has been processed typically has been steamed and rolled
or had the hulls removed.or had the hulls removed.
BarleyBarley
BarleyBarley
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 12%12% 5%5%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Horse feedsHorse feeds
– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds
– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds
– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds
BarleyBarley
SourceSourceBeet pulp is a by-product from the processing of beets. Beet pulp is a by-product from the processing of beets.
The vegetable matter that remains after sugar is extracted The vegetable matter that remains after sugar is extracted
from beets is called pulp. It is a highly digestible fiber that from beets is called pulp. It is a highly digestible fiber that
swells in the rumen to promote digestion. swells in the rumen to promote digestion.
ProcessingProcessingBeet pulp is a processed feedstuff. Whole sugar beets are Beet pulp is a processed feedstuff. Whole sugar beets are
sliced, and the sugar is extracted. The remaining pulp is sliced, and the sugar is extracted. The remaining pulp is
dried and fed to livestock. dried and fed to livestock.
Beet PulpBeet Pulp
Beet PulpBeet Pulp
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
91%91% 11%11% 21%21%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Forage that supplements Forage that supplements
moderate amounts of moderate amounts of protein and lots of fiberprotein and lots of fiber
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds
Beet PulpBeet Pulp
SourceSourceBrewers grain is a by-product of the brewing of alcoholic Brewers grain is a by-product of the brewing of alcoholic
beverages from grain. Grains are blended together and beverages from grain. Grains are blended together and
processed to form a wort, which is later filtered out and processed to form a wort, which is later filtered out and
utilized as a feedstuff. utilized as a feedstuff.
ProcessingProcessingBrewers grain is a processed feedstuff. A variety of grains Brewers grain is a processed feedstuff. A variety of grains
are blended, cooked with water, and fermented for a are blended, cooked with water, and fermented for a
period of time. Upon completion of the brewing process, period of time. Upon completion of the brewing process,
the wort is dried to produce brewers grain.the wort is dried to produce brewers grain.
Brewers GrainBrewers Grain
Brewers GrainBrewers Grain
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
23%23% 26%26% 13%13%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds
– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds
– Feedlot sheep feedsFeedlot sheep feeds
Brewers GrainBrewers Grain
CornCornSourceSourceCorn is grown in many regions of the world and is typically Corn is grown in many regions of the world and is typically
referred to as maize in other countries. Corn is the most referred to as maize in other countries. Corn is the most
popular feedstuff in areas where it grows well. It produces popular feedstuff in areas where it grows well. It produces
more digestible energy per unit of land than any other more digestible energy per unit of land than any other
grain crop. grain crop.
ProcessingProcessingCorn can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is typically Corn can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is typically
harvested at a moisture content suitable for feedstuffs. harvested at a moisture content suitable for feedstuffs.
CornCorn
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
88%88% 9%9% 2%2%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Nearly all domestic Nearly all domestic
livestock feedslivestock feeds
– Wild game, fowl, and fish Wild game, fowl, and fish foodfood
– Pet foodPet food
CornCorn
Cracked CornCracked CornSourceSourceCracked corn originates from whole corn. It differs from Cracked corn originates from whole corn. It differs from
whole corn in that it has been processed prior to feeding to whole corn in that it has been processed prior to feeding to
livestock. livestock.
ProcessingProcessingCracked corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is cracked Cracked corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is cracked
into smaller particles by running the grain between into smaller particles by running the grain between
aggressive rollers of a mill. The processing is performed to aggressive rollers of a mill. The processing is performed to
make the corn nutrients more readily available to animals.make the corn nutrients more readily available to animals.
Cracked CornCracked Corn
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
88%88% 9%9% 2%2%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds– Wild game feedsWild game feeds
Cracked CornCracked Corn
Ground CornGround CornSourceSourceGround corn originate from whole corn. It differs from whole Ground corn originate from whole corn. It differs from whole
corn in that it has been aggressively processed prior to corn in that it has been aggressively processed prior to
feeding to livestock. feeding to livestock.
ProcessingProcessingGround corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is ground into Ground corn is a processed grain. Whole corn is ground into
a meal form by running the grain through very aggressive a meal form by running the grain through very aggressive
hammers of a mill. The processing is performed to make the hammers of a mill. The processing is performed to make the
corn nutrients more readily available or for mixing into corn nutrients more readily available or for mixing into
processed feeds.processed feeds.
Ground CornGround Corn
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
88%88% 9%9% 2%2%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Wild game bird feedsWild game bird feeds
– Processed feedsProcessed feeds
Ground CornGround Corn
SourceSourceCorn gluten is a by-product of corn. It is produced from Corn gluten is a by-product of corn. It is produced from
the manufacturing of cornstarch and corn syrup. the manufacturing of cornstarch and corn syrup.
ProcessingProcessingCorn gluten meal is a processed feedstuff. It is typically Corn gluten meal is a processed feedstuff. It is typically
dried to prevent spoilage and to extend shelf life. After the dried to prevent spoilage and to extend shelf life. After the
gluten is dried, it is typically ground into a fine meal to gluten is dried, it is typically ground into a fine meal to
break up large chunks. It may also be processed into break up large chunks. It may also be processed into
pellets for ease of handling. pellets for ease of handling.
Corn Gluten MealCorn Gluten Meal
Corn Gluten MealCorn Gluten Meal
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
91%91% 46%46% 5%5%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Swine feedsSwine feeds– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds– Pet foodPet food– Processed feedsProcessed feeds
Corn Gluten MealCorn Gluten Meal
SourceSourceCorn silage originates from whole corn plants that are Corn silage originates from whole corn plants that are
harvested during an early stage of maturity. Corn silage is harvested during an early stage of maturity. Corn silage is
a high-quality forage that supplements energy and protein. a high-quality forage that supplements energy and protein.
ProcessingProcessingCorn silage is a processed feedstuff. Corn plants are Corn silage is a processed feedstuff. Corn plants are harvested early in maturity and mechanically chopped into harvested early in maturity and mechanically chopped into smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote smaller particles. The silage is stored to promote fermentation and maintain moisture.fermentation and maintain moisture.
Corn SilageCorn Silage
Corn SilageCorn Silage
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
34%34% 8%8% 21%21%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Forage that supplements Forage that supplements
energy and proteinenergy and protein
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds
Corn SilageCorn Silage
SourceSourceDry fat is a by-product fed to increase the energy levels of Dry fat is a by-product fed to increase the energy levels of
feeds. It is typically harvested at slaughterhouses and feeds. It is typically harvested at slaughterhouses and
processing plants that produce excess vegetable oils. processing plants that produce excess vegetable oils.
ProcessingProcessingDry fat is a slightly processed feedstuff. The animal fats Dry fat is a slightly processed feedstuff. The animal fats
are melted down to a liquid form and dried to create a are melted down to a liquid form and dried to create a
uniform texture. It is then ground into a meal form. The uniform texture. It is then ground into a meal form. The
liquid fat is typically screened for purity before drying.liquid fat is typically screened for purity before drying.
Dry FatDry Fat
Dry FatDry Fat
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
99%99% 0%0% 0%0%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– High-energy sourceHigh-energy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds
– Pet foodPet food
– Fish foodFish food
Dry FatDry Fat
SourceSourceMolasses is a major by-product of sugar production, Molasses is a major by-product of sugar production,
including sugar cane, sugar beets, citrus fruits, wood. Dry including sugar cane, sugar beets, citrus fruits, wood. Dry
molasses has had a large portion of the moisture removed molasses has had a large portion of the moisture removed
and can be pelleted or mealed. It may be used as a and can be pelleted or mealed. It may be used as a
feedstuff flavor enhancer or a medication carrier. feedstuff flavor enhancer or a medication carrier.
ProcessingProcessingDry molasses is a processed feedstuff. Typically, the Dry molasses is a processed feedstuff. Typically, the
molasses is dried and mechanically ground into a meal or molasses is dried and mechanically ground into a meal or
made into a pellet.made into a pellet.
Dry MolassesDry Molasses
Dry MolassesDry Molasses
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
94%94% 9%9% 2%2%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Feedstuff flavor enhancer Feedstuff flavor enhancer
that supplies moderate that supplies moderate levels of energylevels of energy
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Cattle feedsCattle feeds
– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds
– Horse feedsHorse feeds
– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds
– Sheep feedsSheep feeds
– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds
Dry MolassesDry Molasses
SourceSourceFish meal originates from fish and fish particles not Fish meal originates from fish and fish particles not
suitable for human consumption. Most fish utilized in fish suitable for human consumption. Most fish utilized in fish
meal are harvested from Atlantic coastal waters. meal are harvested from Atlantic coastal waters.
ProcessingProcessingFish meal is a processed feedstuff. The fish are ground, Fish meal is a processed feedstuff. The fish are ground,
cooked, and processed to be stabilized. Antioxidants such cooked, and processed to be stabilized. Antioxidants such
as ethoxquin are added to prevent the fish oil from as ethoxquin are added to prevent the fish oil from
becoming rancid. It must be introduced into diets slowly to becoming rancid. It must be introduced into diets slowly to
prevent feed refusal.prevent feed refusal.
Fish MealFish Meal
Fish MealFish Meal
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
90%90% 66%66% 1%1%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds
– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
Fish MealFish Meal
SourceSourceFuzzy cottonseed originates from cotton plants and is Fuzzy cottonseed originates from cotton plants and is
mostly grown in warm climates, such as the southern mostly grown in warm climates, such as the southern
states of the United States. It is a unique feedstuff, due to states of the United States. It is a unique feedstuff, due to
its high level of protein, fat, fiber, and energy. its high level of protein, fat, fiber, and energy.
ProcessingProcessingFuzzy cottonseed typically is not processed and can be Fuzzy cottonseed typically is not processed and can be
fed whole. It contains a white fuzz of cotton or can be fed whole. It contains a white fuzz of cotton or can be
delinted to remove the fuzz. delinted to remove the fuzz.
Fuzzy CottonseedFuzzy Cottonseed
Fuzzy CottonseedFuzzy Cottonseed
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
91%91% 23%23% 29%29%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein source with high Protein source with high
levels of energy, fat, and levels of energy, fat, and fiberfiber
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
Fuzzy CottonseedFuzzy Cottonseed
Grain SorghumGrain SorghumSourceSourceGrain sorghum is grown in drier areas of the United Grain sorghum is grown in drier areas of the United
States, India, and China. It is not only drought tolerant but States, India, and China. It is not only drought tolerant but
also resistant to many pests. Grain sorghum can be used also resistant to many pests. Grain sorghum can be used
as a replacement for corn. as a replacement for corn.
ProcessingProcessingGrain sorghum can be fed whole or slightly processed. Grain sorghum can be fed whole or slightly processed.
The grain is small and relatively hard, and may need to be The grain is small and relatively hard, and may need to be
crushed for maximum utilization in some diets. crushed for maximum utilization in some diets.
Grain SorghumGrain Sorghum
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 11%11% 3%3%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine finishing feedSwine finishing feed
– Cattle feedCattle feed
– Poultry feedPoultry feed
– Wild bird and game feedWild bird and game feed
Grain SorghumGrain Sorghum
SourceSourceOats are grown as a crop in northern Europe and America. Oats are grown as a crop in northern Europe and America.
They rank fourth in cereal grain production but account for They rank fourth in cereal grain production but account for
less than 5% of overall grain production. less than 5% of overall grain production.
ProcessingProcessingOats can be fed whole or as a processed grain. Oats are Oats can be fed whole or as a processed grain. Oats are
typically harvested at maturity and stored at a moisture typically harvested at maturity and stored at a moisture
content to prevent spoilage.content to prevent spoilage.
OatsOats
OatsOats
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 13%13% 11%11%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Breeding cattle feedsBreeding cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds
OatsOats
SourceSourceRolled oats originate from whole oats. They differ from Rolled oats originate from whole oats. They differ from
whole oats in that they have been processed prior to whole oats in that they have been processed prior to
feeding to livestock. feeding to livestock.
ProcessingProcessingRolled oats are a processed grain. They are dried and Rolled oats are a processed grain. They are dried and
then flattened by running between compressing rollers. then flattened by running between compressing rollers.
The hulls are typically screened out of the grain.The hulls are typically screened out of the grain.
Rolled OatsRolled Oats
Rolled OatsRolled Oats
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Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
84%84% 13%13% 11%11%
Rolled OatsRolled Oats• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff
– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Breeding cattle feedsBreeding cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Horse feedsHorse feeds– Colt starter feedsColt starter feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Lamb starter feedsLamb starter feeds
SourceSourcePorcine meal is made from carcass trimmings, condemned Porcine meal is made from carcass trimmings, condemned
carcasses, and inedible offal such as the lungs and the carcasses, and inedible offal such as the lungs and the
digestive system of pigs. digestive system of pigs.
ProcessingProcessingPorcine meal is a processed feedstuff. The animal tissues are Porcine meal is a processed feedstuff. The animal tissues are
dried, ground, and blended to meet specific nutrient levels. dried, ground, and blended to meet specific nutrient levels.
Porcine meal is commonly used in place of meat and bone Porcine meal is commonly used in place of meat and bone
mealmeal**, due to BSE and FDA regulations., due to BSE and FDA regulations.
Porcine MealPorcine Meal
More information onMore information onMeat and Bone MealMeat and Bone Meal
Porcine MealPorcine Meal
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
93%93% 56%56% 1%1%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Fish foodFish food
– Pet foodPet food
– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds
Porcine MealPorcine Meal
SourceSourceRice is grown in many regions of the world. It is most Rice is grown in many regions of the world. It is most
commonly grown for human consumption but is available commonly grown for human consumption but is available
in some regions for livestock feeds. in some regions for livestock feeds.
ProcessingProcessingRice is typically fed whole or slightly cracked in most diets. Rice is typically fed whole or slightly cracked in most diets.
The majority of rice used in livestock feeds is classified as The majority of rice used in livestock feeds is classified as
rough rice, due to the coarseness and cracked seeds. rough rice, due to the coarseness and cracked seeds.
The hull is typically removed for human consumption and The hull is typically removed for human consumption and
some livestock feeds.some livestock feeds.
RiceRice
RiceRice
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 8%8% 10%10%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Other DietsOther Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
RiceRice
SourceSourceRye is most commonly grown in cooler climates of Europe, Rye is most commonly grown in cooler climates of Europe,
Canada, and some regions of the United States. Its Canada, and some regions of the United States. Its
composition is similar to wheat and may be used as a composition is similar to wheat and may be used as a
substitute in some diets. substitute in some diets.
ProcessingProcessingRye may be fed whole or slightly processed. It is Rye may be fed whole or slightly processed. It is
commonly fed whole or slightly cracked in most feeds. It commonly fed whole or slightly cracked in most feeds. It
may be mechanically dehulled in some diets.may be mechanically dehulled in some diets.
RyeRye
RyeRye
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 12%12% 2%2%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Lactating dairy cattle feedsLactating dairy cattle feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds
RyeRye
SourceSourceSoybean hull pellets are processed from whole soybeans. Soybean hull pellets are processed from whole soybeans.
They are processed from the hulls of soybeans. They are processed from the hulls of soybeans.
ProcessingProcessingSoybean hull pellets are a processed feedstuff. They are Soybean hull pellets are a processed feedstuff. They are
processed by removing the hulls of soybeans and ground processed by removing the hulls of soybeans and ground
into a meal. The meal is mechanically pressed into a into a meal. The meal is mechanically pressed into a
pellet about the size of a pencil eraser.pellet about the size of a pencil eraser.
Soybean Hull PelletsSoybean Hull Pellets
Soybean Hull PelletsSoybean Hull Pellets
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
90%90% 12%12% 38%38%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Forage that supplements Forage that supplements
moderate amounts of moderate amounts of protein and lots of fiberprotein and lots of fiber
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds– Feedlot cattle feedsFeedlot cattle feeds
Soybean Hull PelletsSoybean Hull Pellets
SourceSourceSoybean meal is produced from the processing of whole Soybean meal is produced from the processing of whole
soybeans. It is reasonably priced and the most commonly soybeans. It is reasonably priced and the most commonly
used protein source in North America.used protein source in North America.
ProcessingProcessingSoybean meal is a processed grain. The whole soybeans Soybean meal is a processed grain. The whole soybeans
are processed by heating the grain, removing the oil, and are processed by heating the grain, removing the oil, and
crushing the seed. It is processed and sold as either 44% crushing the seed. It is processed and sold as either 44%
or 48% crude protein feedstuff, depending on the blend.or 48% crude protein feedstuff, depending on the blend.
Soybean MealSoybean Meal
Soybean MealSoybean Meal
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Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
91%91% 48%48% 6%6%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Protein sourceProtein source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds– Sheep feedsSheep feeds– Pet foodPet food– Fish foodFish food
Soybean MealSoybean Meal
ProcessingProcessingVitamin blends are formulated to supplement appropriate Vitamin blends are formulated to supplement appropriate
levels of vitamins A, D, and E in livestock feeds. They are levels of vitamins A, D, and E in livestock feeds. They are
not considered a “true” feedstuff, but are necessary for not considered a “true” feedstuff, but are necessary for
adequate nutrition. Many blends are species specific, so it adequate nutrition. Many blends are species specific, so it
should be carefully monitored when blending a diet. should be carefully monitored when blending a diet.
Vitamin A is not typically found in feedstuffs and must be Vitamin A is not typically found in feedstuffs and must be
supplemented for eye, tissue membrane, and other supplemented for eye, tissue membrane, and other
maintenance. Vitamin D is supplemented for calcium maintenance. Vitamin D is supplemented for calcium
absorption and Ca and P metabolism. Vitamin E functions absorption and Ca and P metabolism. Vitamin E functions
as an antioxidant for vitamin A absorption and storage. as an antioxidant for vitamin A absorption and storage.
Vitamin BlendVitamin Blend
Vitamin BlendVitamin Blend
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Sheep feedsSheep feeds
– Horse feedsHorse feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Wild game feedsWild game feeds
– Wild fowl feedsWild fowl feeds
– Fish foodFish food
– Pet foodPet food
Vitamin BlendVitamin Blend
SourceSourceWheat is grown throughout the world, with a large portion Wheat is grown throughout the world, with a large portion
of the production in the United States and Canada. Wheat of the production in the United States and Canada. Wheat
is classified as soft or hard varieties and varies in protein is classified as soft or hard varieties and varies in protein
value. value.
ProcessingProcessingWheat can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is Wheat can be fed whole or slightly processed. It is
harvested at maturity and dried to prevent spoilage. harvested at maturity and dried to prevent spoilage.
Wheat may be cracked or ground into a meal for diets. Wheat may be cracked or ground into a meal for diets.
WheatWheat
WheatWheat
Complete TableComplete Table
Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 14%14% 3%3%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy sourceEnergy source
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Wild game feedsWild game feeds
WheatWheat
SourceSourceWheat bran originates from whole wheat. It is a processed Wheat bran originates from whole wheat. It is a processed
meal from the outer coat of wheat. The wheat bran is meal from the outer coat of wheat. The wheat bran is
typically collected at flour-milling factories.typically collected at flour-milling factories.
ProcessingProcessingWheat bran is a processed grain. Whole wheat is Wheat bran is a processed grain. Whole wheat is
processed so that the inner portion of the wheat seed is processed so that the inner portion of the wheat seed is
removed, leaving the outer coat. The outer coat is ground removed, leaving the outer coat. The outer coat is ground
into a meal to form wheat bran.into a meal to form wheat bran.
Wheat BranWheat Bran
Wheat BranWheat Bran
Complete TableComplete Table
Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 17%17% 11%11%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy source with high Energy source with high
levels of proteinlevels of protein
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
Wheat BranWheat Bran
SourceSourceWheat middling originates from whole wheat. It is a by-Wheat middling originates from whole wheat. It is a by-
product from the milling of wheat flour. The wheat product from the milling of wheat flour. The wheat
middling is typically collected at flour-milling factories.middling is typically collected at flour-milling factories.
ProcessingProcessingWheat middling is a processed grain. Whole wheat is Wheat middling is a processed grain. Whole wheat is
processed to remove the inner seed portion. The processed to remove the inner seed portion. The
remaining particles, including the finer particles of wheat remaining particles, including the finer particles of wheat
bran, are included in wheat middling. bran, are included in wheat middling.
Wheat MiddlingWheat Middling
Wheat MiddlingWheat Middling
Complete TableComplete Table
Nutritional InformationNutritional Information
Dry MatterDry Matter Crude ProteinCrude Protein Crude FiberCrude Fiber
89%89% 18%18% 10%10%
• Type of FeedstuffType of Feedstuff– Energy source with high Energy source with high
levels of proteinlevels of protein
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
Wheat MiddlingWheat Middling
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More InformationMore InformationThe feeding of meat and bone meal must be carefully The feeding of meat and bone meal must be carefully
monitored. Ruminant-derived meat and bone meal cannot monitored. Ruminant-derived meat and bone meal cannot
be fed to ruminant animals under FDA regulations. This be fed to ruminant animals under FDA regulations. This
mandate was put into effect in 1997 to prevent the spread mandate was put into effect in 1997 to prevent the spread
of BSE (Mad Cow Disease). Meat and bone meal does of BSE (Mad Cow Disease). Meat and bone meal does
not contain horn, hair, hide trimmings, manure, stomach not contain horn, hair, hide trimmings, manure, stomach
contents, added blood meal, or poultry by-products.contents, added blood meal, or poultry by-products.
Meat and Bone MealMeat and Bone Meal
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Blended FeedBlended Feed
Crumb
CubeMashMeal
Pellet
Processed FeedsProcessed Feeds
HomeHome
ProcessingProcessingBlended feeds are a mixture of two or more ingredients Blended feeds are a mixture of two or more ingredients
and are the most common form of feed fed to livestock. and are the most common form of feed fed to livestock.
Blended feeds can include multiple kinds of ingredients, Blended feeds can include multiple kinds of ingredients,
including grain, protein sources, medications, vitamins, including grain, protein sources, medications, vitamins,
and minerals. Blended feed ingredients are typically and minerals. Blended feed ingredients are typically
processed in some form, such as the cracking of corn. It processed in some form, such as the cracking of corn. It
may also include some form of dust control, such as liquid may also include some form of dust control, such as liquid
molasses or fat. molasses or fat.
Blended FeedBlended Feed
Blended FeedBlended Feed
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Dairy cattle feedsDairy cattle feeds
– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Sheep feedsSheep feeds
– Horse feedsHorse feeds
– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Wild game feedsWild game feeds
– Wild fowl feedsWild fowl feeds
Blended FeedBlended Feed
CrumbCrumbProcessingProcessingCrumb is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are Crumb is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are
ground into a fine meal, blended, and pressed into pellets. ground into a fine meal, blended, and pressed into pellets.
The pellets are then crushed to make a consistent texture. The pellets are then crushed to make a consistent texture.
Ingredients included in crumb are grains, protein sources, Ingredients included in crumb are grains, protein sources,
and flavor enhancers. Medications may also be included and flavor enhancers. Medications may also be included
in crumb as a carrier to the livestock. Crumb is fed dry to in crumb as a carrier to the livestock. Crumb is fed dry to
livestock and is typically formulated to feed free choice. livestock and is typically formulated to feed free choice.
CrumbCrumb
CrumbCrumb
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Chick starter feedsChick starter feeds
– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Pig starter feedsPig starter feeds
– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds
– Wild fowl feedsWild fowl feeds
– Medicated feed carrierMedicated feed carrier
ProcessingProcessingCubes are made in the same process as pellets, but in a Cubes are made in the same process as pellets, but in a
larger form. They typically include multiple ingredients, larger form. They typically include multiple ingredients,
such as grains, protein source, and in some cases dried such as grains, protein source, and in some cases dried
roughages. Cubes are dried to a slightly harder form than roughages. Cubes are dried to a slightly harder form than
pellets to withstand moisture. They are designed to be fed pellets to withstand moisture. They are designed to be fed
on the ground and are typically fed to mature livestock. on the ground and are typically fed to mature livestock.
Cubes can be fed to supplement nutrition for grazing Cubes can be fed to supplement nutrition for grazing
animals and may contain high levels of protein and animals and may contain high levels of protein and
essential vitamins and minerals. essential vitamins and minerals.
CubeCube
CubeCube
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Beef cow feedsBeef cow feeds– Sow cube feedsSow cube feeds– Horse cube feedsHorse cube feeds– Wild game feedsWild game feeds
CubeCube
ProcessingProcessingMash is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are Mash is typically a mixture of several ingredients that are
ground into a fine meal or small chips and blended for ground into a fine meal or small chips and blended for
consistency. Ingredients included in mash are grains, consistency. Ingredients included in mash are grains,
protein sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may protein sources, and flavor enhancers. Medications may
also be included in mash as a carrier to the livestock. also be included in mash as a carrier to the livestock.
Mash is typically fed dry but may be moistened to Mash is typically fed dry but may be moistened to
increased palatability for younger animals. increased palatability for younger animals.
MashMash
MashMash
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Chick starter feedsChick starter feeds
– Pig starter feedsPig starter feeds
– Wild fowl feedsWild fowl feeds
– Medicated feed carrierMedicated feed carrier
MashMash
ProcessingProcessingMeal is typically a single ingredient that is ground into a Meal is typically a single ingredient that is ground into a
fine texture or small chips. Grains are typically ground fine texture or small chips. Grains are typically ground
into meals to be fed to smaller animals, such as birds or into meals to be fed to smaller animals, such as birds or
young pigs. Meal can be fed solely as a protein or energy young pigs. Meal can be fed solely as a protein or energy
source or mixed with other ingredients to form a mash. source or mixed with other ingredients to form a mash.
Meal is typically fed dry but may be slightly moistened to Meal is typically fed dry but may be slightly moistened to
increase palatability for younger animals. increase palatability for younger animals.
MealMeal
MealMeal
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Poultry feedsPoultry feeds
– Chick starter feedsChick starter feeds
– Pig starter feedsPig starter feeds
– Wild fowl feedsWild fowl feeds
– Pet foodPet food
MealMeal
ProcessingProcessingPellets are typically a mixture of several ingredients and Pellets are typically a mixture of several ingredients and
have become a common form of feed for livestock. Pellets have become a common form of feed for livestock. Pellets
are made by taking a meal or mash, adding a slight are made by taking a meal or mash, adding a slight
amount of moisture, rolling into a ball, and compacting or amount of moisture, rolling into a ball, and compacting or
forcing through die openings by a mechanical process. forcing through die openings by a mechanical process.
Ingredients in pellets include grains, protein sources, and Ingredients in pellets include grains, protein sources, and
occasionally flavor enhancers and medication. Pellets are occasionally flavor enhancers and medication. Pellets are
the easiest form of feeding several ingredients to animals the easiest form of feeding several ingredients to animals
and are readily consumed by multiple species of livestock. and are readily consumed by multiple species of livestock.
(more information)
PelletPellet
PelletPellet
PelletPellet
• Common DietsCommon Diets– Swine feedsSwine feeds
– Pig starter feedsPig starter feeds
– Beef cattle feedsBeef cattle feeds
– Calf starter feedsCalf starter feeds
– Horse feedsHorse feeds
– Wild game feedsWild game feeds
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PelletPelletMore InformationMore InformationPet food and fish food are classified as pellets. They differ Pet food and fish food are classified as pellets. They differ
slightly from pellets fed to livestock in that they are more slightly from pellets fed to livestock in that they are more
circular and typically have a higher moisture content. The circular and typically have a higher moisture content. The
higher moisture content is related to the added fat and higher moisture content is related to the added fat and
increased animal products used in the feeds.increased animal products used in the feeds.
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