expediting time-to-market and reducing time-to-launch with physicochemical optimization
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Expediting Time-to-Market and Reducing Time-to-Launch with Physicochemical Optimization - Stephen R. Byrn - Purdue UniversityTRANSCRIPT
Expediting Time-to-Market and Reducing Time-to-Launch with Physicochemical Optimization
Stephen R. Byrn Purdue University and Improved Pharma, LLC
West Lafayette, Indiana
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Outline
Effectively selecting the correct form and correct salt of your drug substance
Examining key strategies for managing solubility in lead optimization
Evaluating physicochemical properties, generating an understanding of the material’s stability under various conditions, leading to selecting the optimal drug delivery system
Achieving the right balance between efficacy, patentability concerns, toxicity, and ADME properties for your compound
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Outline
Effectively selecting the correct form and correct salt of your drug substance
Examining key strategies for managing solubility in lead optimization
Evaluating physicochemical properties, generating an understanding of the material’s stability under various conditions, leading to selecting the optimal drug delivery system
Achieving the right balance between efficacy, patentability concerns, toxicity, and ADME properties for your compound
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Overall Considerations in Selecting the Correct Form
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Solid State Bio-pharmaceutics Stability Mechanical
Properties
Formulation Design &Product Design
(Dosage Form Design)
Process Design
Workflow for Merck Strategy
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Michael Palucki, John D. Higgins, Elizabeth Kwong, and Allen C. Templeton, J. Med. Chem., 53, 5897 (2010)
Only a Short Time to Select the Form in Year 1
Matest Major Focus of SSC
Form Selection
Form Selection
Polymorphs Salts Cocrystals Amorphous forms Nanoparticles (crystalline or amorphous)
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Screening Strategy - 1995
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Development Strategy with Polymorph Screening – 8 Weeks
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SolubilityStudy
Is drugsoluble?
Week 1 Week 4 Week 5 Week 8
SolubilityDissolution
Salt Screen
Polymorph Screen SelectForm Rat PKFormulation
Screen
Stress Testing
Can itform salts?
Yes
No
SolubilityDissolution
SelectForm Rat PKFormulation
Screen
Stress TestingMilling Study
Salt PolymorphScreen
SelectForm
Amorphous Dispersion Screen SelectForm
SolubilityDissolution Rat PK
Stress TestingCrystallization
Inhibitor Screen
Optional
Optional
Yes
No
Vehicle Screen SelectVeh.
SolubilityDissolution Rat PK
Stress Testing
Development Strategy First 4 weeks
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SolubilityStudy
Is drugsoluble?
Week 1 Week 4
Salt Screen
Polymorph Screen
Can itform salts?
Yes
No
SelectForm
Amorphous Dispersion Screen
Yes
No
Vehicle Screen
Strategy
Optimize form and formulation early Merck Review in J. Med. Chem. Present similar strategy – see Higgins et al., Michael Palucki, John D.
Higgins, Elizabeth Kwong, and Allen C. Templeton, J. Med. Chem., 53, 5897 (2010)
Find best form within 12 weeks for toxicology and first in human clinical trials
Utilize acoustic levitation method to facilitate early formulation development
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Acoustic Levitation – A Frist Step in Finding the Right Form
Finding best form Very small amounts of material One day study Can apply Taylor method to determine if the
compound is a fast crystallizer Simulates spray drying
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Levitation Equipment
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Levitation Equipment on Beamline 11-ID-C
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Each drop contains about 0.1 mg of drug (assuming solubility = 10 mg/mL)
X-ray Patterns from Levitation Experiments
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-2000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
0 2 4 6 8
x-ra
y in
tens
ity (a
bs. c
ount
s)
Q (A-1)
4-Bromoacetanilid
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
0 2 4 6 8
x-ra
y in
tens
ity (a
bs. c
ount
s)Q (A-1)
ItraconazoleKetoconazoleRitonavirefavirenz
Fast Crystallizers
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Slow Crystallizers
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Nanoparticles
Screen for nanoparticles in the case of fast crystallization
Wet mill stable polymorph Utilize Liversidge screen for crystal growth
inhibitors – US Patent 5,145,684
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Salt Properties
compound meltingpoint (ºC)
percent weightgain at 81% RH
aqueous solubility(mg/mL)
aqueous dissolution rateat pH3 (mg/min/cm2)
naproxen 160 0 0.016 ≤0.005Na salt 267 21 178 21
THAM salt 191 0 11 1.0
H3CO
CO2
CH3
H3N
OH
OHHO
NSAID
Gu, L.; Strickley, R. G. Pharmaceutical Research 1987, 4, 255
Three Tier Salt Selection - Morris
Tier 1 Hygroscopicity (7 Salts)
Tier 2 Solubility Crystal Changes
(4 salts)
Tier 3 Stability and Compatibility
DSC Curves for the Calcium Salt of BMS 180431
5%RH
70%RH
Powder XRD Patterns of the Magnesium Salt of BMS 180431
Equilibrium Solubilities of BMS 180431 Salts in Water and 0.01M HCl
Salts Distilled WaterSolubility**
(mg/mL)
0.01M HClSolubility*(mg/mL)
Calcium 2.8 0.67
Magnesium 3.7 0.65
Lysine >100 0.64
Arginine >100 0.61
* 25°C; µ = 0.1 ** Solubilities are expressed in terms of free acid concentration
Solid State Accelerated Stability Testing Results of the Arginine and Lysine Salts
Outline
Effectively selecting the correct form and correct salt of your drug substance
Examining key strategies for managing solubility in lead optimization
Evaluating physicochemical properties, generating an understanding of the material’s stability under various conditions, leading to selecting the optimal drug delivery system
Achieving the right balance between efficacy, patentability concerns, toxicity, and ADME properties for your compound
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Dissolution Studies of Formulations (50 mg drug formulation in capsule)- in situ probe
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Three Tier Salt Selection
Tier 1 Hygroscopicity (7 Salts)
Tier 2 Solubility Crystal Changes
(4 salts)
Tier 3 Stability and Compatibility
DSC Curves for the Calcium Salt of BMS 180431
5%RH
70%RH
Powder XRD Patterns of the Magnesium Salt of BMS 180431
Equilibrium Solubilities of BMS 180431 Salts in Water and 0.01M HCl
Salts Distilled WaterSolubility**
(mg/mL)
0.01M HClSolubility*(mg/mL)
Calcium 2.8 0.67
Magnesium 3.7 0.65
Lysine >100 0.64
Arginine >100 0.61
* 25°C; µ = 0.1 ** Solubilities are expressed in terms of free acid concentration
Outline
Effectively selecting the correct form and correct salt of your drug substance
Examining key strategies for managing solubility in lead optimization
Evaluating physicochemical properties, generating an understanding of the material’s stability under various conditions, leading to selecting the optimal drug delivery system
Achieving the right balance between efficacy, patentability concerns, toxicity, and ADME properties for your compound
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33 33
Solid Dispersion – Spring and Parachute Concept
J. Brouwers, Brewster et al J Pharm Sci (2009) 98: 2549-2572
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Supersaturated Dissolution
cLogP Tg Tm
Friesen, D.T. et al Mol Pharm 5 (2008) 1003-1019
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In vivo Exposure
Beagle Dog, 5 x increase in exposure Friesen, D.T. et al Mol Pharm 5 (2008) 1003-1019
Outline
Effectively selecting the correct form and correct salt of your drug substance
Examining key strategies for managing solubility in lead optimization
Evaluating physicochemical properties, generating an understanding of the material’s stability under various conditions, leading to selecting the optimal drug delivery system
Achieving the right balance between efficacy, patentability concerns, toxicity, and ADME properties for your compound
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Itraconazole Blood Levels in Pigs
01020304050607080
00.
5 1 2 4 8 12 16 2431
.3 36 42 48
Conc
entr
atio
n itr
acon
azol
e (n
g/m
l)
Time (h)
average sporanox
average itra 100mg
average Itra HPMC 300mg
average itra HPMCP
Dissolution Rates – An IVIVC
ITR Dispersions with Controls
Dissolution - USP I (Basket)Media (0.1N HCl, 0.5%CTAB), 50rpm(1hr), 250rpm
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Time (min)
% D
rug
Rel
ease
Sporanox 100mg
ITR HPMCP55(1:2) 300mg
ITR HPMC(1:2) 300mg
ITR Crystalline 100mg
Improved Pharma Strategy for Fast Development – 1 Year to IND Improved Pharma is a Virtual Company CRO Strategy – IP Belongs to Contractor Merck approach
Michael Palucki, John D. Higgins, Elizabeth Kwong, and Allen C. Templeton, J. Med. Chem., 53, 5897 (2010)
Best in Class, US Subcontractors/Performance Sites Argonne National Labs SSCI, an Aptuit Company Purdue University
A specific strategy, flow chart, timeline and plan developed for each compound
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Improved Pharma Services
Chemical synthesis Solid state chemistry Preclinical/Toxicology IND Clinical Trials
Stability & Consistency Quality by design Validated methods Regulatory issues Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property
Include best method of making cocrystals-salts-polymorphs (amorphous forms)-nanocrystals
Patent form and formulation Be sure to have claims that describe your
invention is various ways and with various degrees of specificity.
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Four Examples of Claims
Conclusion
Effectively selecting the correct form and correct salt of your drug substance
Examining key strategies for managing solubility in lead optimization
Evaluating physicochemical properties, generating an understanding of the material’s stability under various conditions, leading to selecting the optimal drug delivery system
Achieving the right balance between efficacy, patentability concerns, toxicity, and ADME properties for your compound
43