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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 405 964 PS 025 108
TITLE Make Kids Count in '95: Hawai'i Kids Count 1995 DataBook.
INSTITUTION Hawaii Kids Count, Honolulu.SPONS AGENCY Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.PUB DATE 95
NOTE 111p.; For 1996 Data Book, see PS 025 109.PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110) Reports Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; Child Health; Child Neglect;
*Children; Dropout Rate; Early Parenthood; ElementarySecondary Education; Family (Sociological Unit);Infant Mortality; One Parent Family; Poverty;Preschool Education; *Social Indicators; StateSurveys; Statistical Surveys; Tables (Data); *WellBeing; Youth Problems
IDENTIFIERS *Hawaii; *Indicators
ABSTRACTThis KIDS COUNT statistical report is the first to
examine indicators of children's well-being in Hawaii. The bulk ofthe report is comprised of the indicator results and is divided intofour major sections: (1) family composition and resources, includingchildren in poverty, children in single parent families, births tosingle teens, and children with health insurance; (2) infancy andpreschool years, including births with low birth weight, infantmortality rate, school readiness, children at risk for developmentalproblems, immunization rates for 2-year-olds, and child abuse andneglect rates; (3) early school years, including child death rates,children of working parents in after school programs, fourth graders'academic progress, and children with special needs; and (4)adolescence and youth, including eighth graders' academic progress,high school graduation rates, teens not connected to any productiveactivity, substance use, teenage pregnancy, teen violent deaths, andjuvenile arrest rates for violent crimes. County, gender, andethnicity comparisons are made for some indicators. The report alsoprovides a demographic profile of Hawaiian children, suggestsadditional indicators that would be useful in Hawaii, comparesHawaiian data to national data, and details the report's methodologyand data sources. (KDFB)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.
**********************************************************************1i
"We
need
mor
e th
an k
ind
sent
imen
ts a
bout
chi
ldre
n. W
ene
ed to
dra
w o
n
the
rich
res
ourc
es o
f ou
r co
mm
unity
to a
ddre
ss th
eir
need
s."
Rab
bi H
arol
d K
ravi
tzU
S D
EP
AR
TM
EN
T O
F E
DU
CA
TIO
NO
ffice
of E
duca
tiona
l Res
earc
h en
d Im
prov
emen
tE
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
NC
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
)1(
Thi
s do
cum
ent h
as b
een
repr
oduc
ed a
sre
ceiv
ed fr
om th
e pe
rson
or
orga
niza
tion
orig
inat
ing
itM
inor
cha
nges
hav
e be
en m
ade
toim
prov
e re
prod
uctio
n qu
ality
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
Poi
nts
of v
iew
or
opin
ions
sta
ted
in th
isdo
cum
ent d
o no
t nec
essa
rily
repr
esen
tof
ficia
l OE
RI p
ositi
on o
r po
licy
'
PE
RM
ISS
ION
TO
RE
PR
OD
UC
E A
ND
DIS
SE
MIN
AT
E T
HIS
MA
TE
RIA
LH
AS
BE
EN
GR
AN
TE
D B
Y
,sc-
A s
ock
TO
TH
E E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L R
ES
OU
RC
ES
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N C
EN
TE
R (
ER
IC)
Kid
s C
ount
in H
awai
'i
Thi
s is
the
firs
t ann
ual r
epor
t on
the
wel
l-
bein
g of
kid
s in
Haw
ai'i.
It w
as p
rodu
ced
by H
awai
'i K
ids
Cou
nt, a
col
labo
ratio
n of
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f H
awai
'i-M
anoa
Cen
ter
on
the
Fam
ily, t
he G
over
nor's
Off
ice
of
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
, and
the
Haw
ai'i
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ces
Cou
ncil.
It h
as b
een
i
fund
ed b
y th
e A
nnie
E. C
asey
Fou
ndat
ion.
Perm
issi
on to
cop
y al
l or
port
ions
of
this
rep
ort i
s gr
ante
d So
long
41
/as
HA
WA
II K
IDS
CO
UN
T is
ack
now
ledg
ed a
s th
e so
urce
in a
ny;;-
:-'';
',,I
,..,,,
i'
,#
\e,
,.,
.,'
,,t
Ss,
repr
oduc
tion,
quo
tatio
n or
use
..
,...
..1
1k;
I ,-
7
Eac
h D
ay In
Haw
aii
Alth
ough
ther
e ar
e on
ly 3
08,2
28 k
eiki
in
Haw
ai`i
, the
y ex
peri
ence
the
follo
win
g:
near
ly 1
in 6
live
in p
over
ty;
over
1 in
5 li
ve w
ith a
..si
ngle
par
ent;
18 b
abie
s ar
e bo
rn4h
osef
,inot
hers
did
not)
\get
pre
nAtik
,
care
in th
e fi
rstt
rim
este
r;
,,
e4
babi
es a
re b
orn
with
dan
gero
usly
lOw
w ig
ht (
less
ti
than
5.5
pou
nds)
;..'-)1
t
-,,
,
ther
e ar
e 5
birt
hs to
teen
mom
s, 4
of
who
m a
reno
t,.,
,....
mar
ried
;--
--,',
),;-
,--
12 r
epor
ts o
f ch
ild a
buse
are
mad
e,556/0
of W
hich
will
be c
onfi
rmed
;
ther
e ar
e 14
you
ths
arre
sted
for
ser
ious
crim
es.'
In A
dditi
on:
one
infa
nt d
ies
ever
y72
hou
rs (
3 da
ys);
one
child
die
s ev
ery
ever
yw
eek;
ther
e ar
e 2
teen
dea
ths
from
hom
icid
e,su
icid
e, o
r
acci
dent
eve
ry m
onth
.
Tab
le o
f Con
tent
s
Ack
now
ledg
emen
ts4
Our
Vis
ion
for
Haw
aiT
s K
ids
5D
emog
raph
ic P
rofi
le o
f H
awai
`i K
ids
6H
ow to
Use
this
Boo
k8
Fam
ily C
ompo
sitio
n an
d R
esou
rces
9C
hild
ren
in P
over
ty12
Chi
ldre
n in
Sin
gle
Pare
nt F
amili
es13
Bir
ths
to S
ingl
e T
eens
14C
hild
ren
with
Hea
lth I
nsur
ance
15C
ost o
f Sh
elte
r16
Infa
ncy
and
Pres
choo
l Yea
rs17
Ear
ly P
rena
tal C
are
20L
ow B
irth
-Wei
ght I
nfan
ts21
Infa
nt M
orta
lity
22Fu
lly I
mm
uniz
ed T
wo-
Yea
r O
lds
23C
hild
ren
At-
Ris
k fo
r D
evel
opm
enta
l Pro
blem
s24
Prep
arin
g fo
r Sc
hool
25C
hild
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct (
Bir
th th
roug
h A
ge 5
)26
Ear
ly S
choo
l Yea
rs27
Chi
ld D
eath
s30
Chi
ldre
n of
Wor
king
Par
ents
in A
fter
Sch
ool P
rogr
am31
Mea
suri
ng A
cade
mic
Pro
gres
s32
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
of F
ourt
h G
rade
rs33
Chi
ldre
n w
ith S
peci
al N
eeds
34O
ther
Edu
catio
nal M
easu
res
in E
lem
enta
ry Y
ears
35C
hild
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct (
Age
s 6
thro
ugh
11)
36A
dole
scen
ce a
nd Y
outh
37A
cade
mic
Pro
gres
s of
Eig
hth
Gra
ders
40O
ther
Edu
catio
nal M
easu
res
in S
econ
dary
Sch
ool Y
ears
41H
igh
Scho
ol G
radu
atio
n42
Idle
Tee
ns43
Juve
nile
Arr
ests
for
Vio
lent
Cri
mes
44Su
bsta
nce
Use
45
Tee
nage
Pre
gnan
cy46
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct (
Age
s 12
thro
ugh
17)
47T
een
Vio
lent
Dea
ths
(Age
s 15
thro
ugh
19)
48W
hat W
e W
ant t
o K
now
, but
Don
't49
Tre
nds
in B
asic
Ind
icat
ors:
Haw
aii a
nd U
SSO
Met
hodo
logy
and
Sou
rces
52
10
Ack
now
ledg
men
ts
Pro
ject
Par
tner
s
Dr.
Syl
via
Yue
n of
the
Uni
vers
ityof
Haw
ai`i
Man
oa C
ente
r on
the
Fam
ily, K
a`iu
lani
de
Silv
a an
d M
ary
Bro
gan
of th
e G
over
nor's
Off
ice
of C
hild
ren
and
You
th a
nd D
anW
atan
abe
of th
e H
awai
`i
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ces
Cou
ncil A
dvis
ory
Cou
ncil
Lily
Yao
, Cha
irpe
rson
; Jim
Ant
hony
,J.
Kuh
io A
sam
, Ste
phan
ie
Ave
iro,
Sue
Ber
g, S
uzan
ne C
hun,
Lyn
n Fa
llin,
Mar
ites
Fies
ta, L
oret
ta
Fudd
y, D
enni
s Fu
jii, R
olla
nd G
el la
,D
ebi H
artm
ann,
Lin
da H
odge
,
Lou
ise
Ing,
Ann
Kob
ayas
hi, G
imo
Man
uel,
Ger
i Mar
ullo
, Wes
ley
Park
, Nin
a Sa
zar
O'D
onne
ll, I
van
lee
Sinc
lair
, Rob
ert S
prin
ger,
Mur
ray
Tow
ill, M
illie
Wel
lingt
on, F
ranc
es W
ong,
Mic
helle
Won
g-W
ilson
Dat
a T
eam
Lyn
n Z
ane,
Chi
ef, S
tatis
tics
Bra
nch,
Dep
artm
ent o
f B
usin
ess,
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent &
Tou
rism
;B
ob S
chm
itt, f
orm
erly
Chi
ef
Stat
e St
atis
ticia
n, n
ow r
etir
ed; L
oret
taFu
ddy,
Chi
ef, M
ater
nal a
nd
Chi
ld H
ealth
Bra
nch,
Dep
artm
ent
of H
ealth
; Dr.
Alv
in O
naka
,
Chi
ef, a
nd D
enni
s H
oriu
chi,
Stat
istic
ian,
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth;
Con
roy
Cho
w, C
hief
Pla
nner
,
Kim
Kad
ooka
, Pla
nner
, Ed
Nis
him
ura,
Pla
nner
, and
Kei
th N
agai
,
Res
earc
h St
atis
ticia
n, D
epar
tmen
tof
Hum
an S
ervi
ces;
Ted
Sto
ut,
Plan
ning
Sec
tion,
and
Mik
e H
eim
,E
valu
atio
n Se
ctio
n, D
epar
tmen
t
12
of E
duca
tion;
Kar
en A
h M
ai, A
ssis
tant
Dir
ect'o
'r, S
ocia
l Sci
ence
,:0
!
Res
earc
h In
stitu
te, U
nive
rsity
of
Haw
aiq;
Tor
k G
reen
, chi
ef
Res
earc
h an
d St
atis
tics,
Cri
me
Prev
entio
nD
ivis
ion,
Dep
artm
ent o
f
the
Atto
rney
Gen
eral
Inte
rest
and
thou
ghtfu
l crit
ique
._.
Dr.
Bar
bara
DeB
arys
he, D
r.St
ephe
n' y
eti,
*Sha
iiNei
lsen
'Pr.
Mik
ei
q4-1
;,,,
//'Sk
larz
, and
San
dra
Potte
r-M
arqu
arL
Phot
ogra
phs
wer
e nT
stly
-,
.
take
n,, .
.--'4
'4-
,--
by k
ids
as p
art o
f th
e N
a K
t ipr
ojec
t spo
nsor
ed b
y th
eG
over
n'or
's.
...,
.....,
1/4
,4
Off
ice
of C
hild
ren
and
You
th.
Dat
a an
alys
is, w
ritin
gan
d co
ordi
natio
n of
the
bOok
.
Mar
cia
K. H
arts
ock,
with
assi
stat
ice,
from
Wat
Kw
an W
ongS
andr
a
Potte
r-M
arqu
art (
Intr
oduc
rion
: to
Fam
ily S
ectio
n) a
nd D
r. R
ober
t7
Spri
nger
(E
duca
tiona
l Ass
essm
entS
ectio
n),-
-s,
kg5
Our
Vis
ion
for
Haw
ai'i'
s K
ids
Our
vis
ion
is th
at "
Haw
aiT
s ke
iki a
re a
ctiv
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts
in a
saf
e, n
urtu
ring
and
stim
ulat
ing
com
mun
ity th
at
enha
nces
eve
ry c
hild
's o
ppor
tuni
ties
to b
ecom
ea
prod
uctiv
e, r
espo
nsib
le a
dult
appr
ecia
tive
ofou
r cu
ltura
l
dive
rsity
and
nat
ural
env
iron
men
t."
Haw
ai`i
Kid
s C
ount
Adv
isor
y C
ounc
il
`Kei
ke is
wid
ely
unde
rsto
odas
the
Haw
ai`i
an w
ord
for
child
ren.
A d
eepe
r lo
ok in
to th
e m
eani
ng o
f th
e w
ord
is
reve
alin
g. T
he H
awai
`ian
Dic
tiona
ry (
Puku
i and
Elb
ert,
1986
) gi
ves
the
follo
win
g de
fini
tion:
"ch
ild, o
ffsp
ring
,
desc
enda
nt, p
roge
ny, .
..son
of
a de
ar f
rien
d; ..
.sho
otor
suck
er, a
s of
taro
." T
he c
once
pt o
f be
long
ing,
of
grow
ing
up n
ext t
o ca
ring
eld
ers,
be
they
hum
an o
r na
tive
plan
t,
shin
es th
roug
h. T
he y
oung
sho
ot g
row
s cl
ose
to th
e ol
der
taro
fro
m w
hich
it s
prun
g an
d de
pend
s on
it f
or s
uste
nanc
e,
stre
ngth
, and
com
mun
ity. I
t is
in r
ecog
nitio
n of
this
resp
onsi
bilit
y th
at w
e ch
ose
to u
se `
keik
i'.
14
We
also
wan
ted
to e
mph
asiz
e th
at k
ids
are
part
of
"the
solu
tion,
that
we
are
actin
g w
ith k
ids-
Lia
ther
. tha
nloi
ng,"
/c`f
or' o
r 'to
' kid
s-. A
nd w
hile
wec
anno
r-as
Wre
goo
d,)
1
wor
k''
.t
6?--
,ou
tcom
es,
ntco
mes
,w
e ca
non
e ha
ncin
g op
port
uniti
es f
oraj
l.i\
Thi
s is
not
just
for
som
eone
_els
e's
child
ren,
for
som
e,,
(..
7
4m
inor
ity o
f th
e po
pula
tion,
hilt
for
all
awai
`i's
-(ki
ds:a
t all'
.;.,
stag
es o
f th
eir
life.
,,-,..
.....
)(,ii
,;\,;'
1'-\
,, .,,
,,,..
,,,
,.
"We
have
not
inhe
rite
d th
efea
rth
from
our
.dto
rs;N
i-,',
/,,,
onc,
,,).
- --
1
're
oll
,;is,
-'r.
4w
e ha
ve o
nly
hor,
row
ed it
,ifro
rti\O
ur c
hild
rena
tt/J-
1'-`
''''...
,\';
')0
0-i-
-2,-
--)
--,,.
,---
tr-
---.
---f
....,,
,A
ncie
nt P
rove
rb
fl.7
Dem
ogra
phic
Pro
file
of H
awai
l spl
y.
----
,3
t65
The
re w
ere
292,
616
child
ren
and
yout
h ag
es b
irth
to 1
9 in
Haw
ai`i
in 1
980.
By
1P9V
shar
lium
ber
7i.k
.,,,,,
had
incr
ease
d by
0.5
% to
294
,098
.T
he o
ffic
ial e
stim
ate
in 1
992,
pre
pare
d.D
iffi
rrW
e'n
f--
k.t
-
Bus
ines
s, E
cono
mic
Dev
elop
men
tand
Tou
rism
, was
308
,228
.
Loca
tion
The
num
bers
gre
w o
n th
e ne
ighb
or is
land
s,bu
t dec
reas
ed o
n C
Yah
u.
By
Cou
nty:
1980
% o
f A
ll K
ids
1990
% o
f A
ll K
ids
% c
hang
e
Hon
olul
u22
8,56
778
.11
215,
378
73.2
3-5
.77
Haw
ai`i
29,5
7310
.11
35,8
7412
.20
21.3
1
Kau
ai12
,459
4.26
14,7
595.
0218
.5
Mau
i22
,017
7.52
28,0
879.
5527
.6
Nea
rly
two-
thir
ds o
f H
awai
Ts
child
ren
and
yout
h (6
3.47
%)
live
in u
rban
ized
area
s, w
hile
onl
y0.
6% li
ve in
rur
al f
arm
are
as. P
erso
nsun
der
19 y
ears
of
age
are
mor
e lik
ely
toliv
e in
the
urba
n fr
inge
, whi
le a
dults
are
mor
e lik
ely
toliv
e
in th
e ce
ntra
l urb
an a
reas
. Pro
port
ion
of th
e P
opul
atio
n
Chi
ldre
n an
d yo
uth
are
a de
clin
ing
prop
ortio
nof
the
entir
e po
pula
tion,
whi
le
the
perc
enta
ge o
f th
ose
who
are
ove
r ag
e64
is in
crea
sing
:
Age
1980
% o
f T
otal
1990
% o
f T
otal
% c
hang
e
unde
r ag
e 20
32.2
527
.96
-13.
3
over
age
64
7.87
11.2
542
.9
The
dep
ende
ncy
ratio
(co
mpu
ted
by a
ddin
g to
geth
erth
ose
unde
r 15
and
thos
e
over
64
and
divi
ding
by
the
num
ber
of 1
5 to
64
year
-old
s)ha
s in
crea
sed
slig
htly
fro
m 3
1.15
to 3
2.32
due
to th
e in
crea
se o
f se
nior
citi
zens
.
16
POR
LI
[IO
N R
I C
OU
N-
I90
4
BE
ST
CO
PY
AM
IAB
LE
Eth
nici
ty
It is
impo
ssib
le to
det
ail c
hang
es in
the
prop
ortio
ns id
entif
ying
them
selv
esas
belo
ngin
g to
the
maj
or e
thni
c gr
oups
in H
awai
`i a
s th
e 19
80ce
nsus
gro
uped
Oth
er im
port
ant f
acts
abo
ut H
awai
`i's
183,
982
or 6
5.7%
of
the
child
ren
unde
r 18
1rea
rs o
f `a
ge
had
both
par
ents
or
thei
r on
ly p
aren
t in
the
labo
r fo
rce.
Lth
ese
diff
eren
tly.
follo
ws:
How
ever
, Haw
aiT
s ra
inbo
w in
199
0 w
as c
ompo
sed
as
Cau
casi
an30
.22%
Haw
ai`i
an18
.36%
Japa
nese
15.7
5%Fi
lipin
o17
.46%
Chi
nese
3.79
%Pa
cifi
c Is
land
er3.
46%
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an2.
94%
Kor
ean
1.99
%O
ther
6.03
%
PP
111.
AT
1ON
F.I
IIN
ICIT
Y1
990
Japa
nese
Fili
pino
Chi
nese
Pac
ific
Isla
nder
Afr
ican
Am
eric
an
Kor
ean
L_
Oth
er
29,6
00 o
r 14
.9%
of
child
ren
ages
5-1
7 sP
eak
a
lang
uage
oth
er th
an E
nglis
h at
hom
e, w
ithov
er 9
,000
of th
em in
'lin
guis
tical
ly is
olat
ed' h
omes
.
12,6
64 o
r 4.
5% o
f ch
ildre
n un
der
age
18ar
e no
t hyi
ng
with
a p
aren
t.
14,0
00 o
r 0.
5% o
f ch
ildre
n liv
e in
sev
erel
y di
stre
ssed
.
neig
hbor
hood
s, w
here
ther
e ar
e hi
gh le
vels
of
(1)
pove
rty;
(2)
fem
ale-
head
ed f
amili
es; (
3) h
igh
scho
ol
drop
outs
; (4)
une
mpl
oym
ent;
and
(5)
relia
nce
on
wel
fare
. As
a na
tiona
l stu
dy b
y K
ids
Cou
nt f
ound
,
"...f
amili
es li
ving
in c
omm
uniti
es w
here
thes
e pr
oble
ms
are
so in
tens
ely
conc
entr
ated
fin
d it
exce
ptio
nally
diff
icul
t to
ensu
re th
at th
eir
child
ren
will
grow
into
heal
thy,
ski
lled,
and
pro
duct
ive
adul
ts."
141
How
to U
se th
is B
ook
The
goa
l of
Haw
ai`i
Kid
s C
ount
is to
impr
ove
the
wel
l-be
ing
of H
awai
Ts
child
ren
and
thei
r fa
mili
es b
y in
crea
sing
pub
lic a
war
enes
sof
thei
r co
nditi
on
and
serv
ing
as a
cat
alys
t for
pos
itive
act
ions
on
thei
r be
half
. The
obj
ectiv
es o
f
the
proj
ect a
re to
:
1.es
tabl
ish
and
mai
ntai
n a
data
bas
e of
info
rmat
ion
whi
ch a
ccur
atel
y
desc
ribe
the
stat
us o
f ch
ildre
n in
Haw
aii;
2.an
alyz
e na
tiona
l and
sta
te d
ata
pert
aini
ng to
chi
ldre
n;
3.de
velo
p a
stro
ng c
onst
ituen
cy f
or c
hild
ren
by in
form
ing
the
publ
ic, m
edia
,
elec
ted
offi
cial
s, c
omm
unity
lead
ers,
and
oth
ers
rega
rdin
g th
e st
atus
and
need
s of
chi
ldre
n; a
nd
4.m
onito
r H
awai
Ts
prog
ress
in im
prov
ing
the
wel
l-be
ing
of c
hild
ren
and
fam
ilies
by
trac
king
key
indi
cato
rs o
ver
time.
The
ann
ual d
ata
book
s ar
e de
sign
ed to
be
the
cent
erpi
ece
in o
ur e
ffor
ts to
info
rm a
nd in
crea
se u
nder
stan
ding
as
a w
ay to
insp
ire
prod
uctiv
e ch
ange
.
Num
bers
can
be
a to
ol f
or g
ettin
g a
clos
er, c
lear
erpi
ctur
e of
the
stat
us o
f
child
ren
and
yout
hs in
our
sta
te. T
hrou
ghou
t the
book
we
have
use
d th
e te
rm
"ind
icat
ors"
to n
ame
the
data
poi
nts
that
we
thin
k ar
eim
port
ant h
ints
(or
indi
catio
ns)
abou
t the
ir w
ell-
bein
g. T
he in
dica
tors
are
base
d on
exi
stin
g da
ta
from
a n
umbe
r of
sou
rces
, mos
tly g
over
nmen
tag
enci
es o
ffic
ially
task
ed w
ith
gath
erin
g th
e in
form
atio
n.
Aft
er d
eter
min
ing
our
visi
on f
or H
awai
Ts
keik
i, w
e ex
amin
ed th
e va
riou
s
dom
ains
of
deve
lopm
ent t
o id
entif
y w
hat w
ew
ould
nee
d to
kno
w in
mea
suri
ng o
ur p
rogr
ess
tow
ard
that
vis
ion.
The
gui
ding
pri
ncip
les
in s
elec
ting
indi
cato
rs w
ere
thes
e:
the
data
item
sho
uld
refl
ect s
ome
impo
rtan
t and
wid
ely
acce
pted
val
ue f
or c
hild
ren;
the
stat
istic
al in
dica
tor
mus
t be
avai
labl
efr
om a
rel
iabl
e so
urce
and
cons
iste
nt o
ver
time;
so th
at w
e ca
n kn
owab
out t
he li
fe c
hanc
es o
f su
bgro
ups
in o
ur
A n
ote
of c
autio
n: O
ne o
f th
e pr
oble
ms
with
pro
vid
itiva
ccur
ate
data
*th
e
lack
of
curr
ent i
nfor
mat
ion,
par
ticul
arly
reg
ardi
ngth
e to
tal p
opul
atio
n'at
ris
k
of c
erta
in e
vent
s (b
irth
, dea
th, p
regn
ancy
, arr
est,
grad
uatio
n, e
tc.)
. We
are'
grea
tly d
epen
dent
on
the
cens
us w
hich
is ta
ken
ever
yte
n ye
ars
to p
roki
de'
t\,-
,-4
---,
-\-
,,'co
up,,,
spec
ific
num
bers
of
the
popu
latio
n of
eac
h co
unty
ore
ach'
ethn
ic g
roup
r.:T
hat
,i.
ft'
:.ir
-:.:,
-q 1
is o
ne r
easo
n w
hy w
e42a
ve u
sed
'198
0an
d 19
90 d
ata
to s
how
iren
ds o
f th
e1,
-\ -
-':'-r
-
:
past
. The
Dep
artm
ent o
f B
uSin
ess,
Eco
nom
ic D
evel
opm
ent/6
k T
ouri
sm('
. -p.
1..J
Ifr
-l'\
',li
fte
st fo
r7
-S"
/iw
orki
ng w
ith th
e C
ensu
s B
uiea
u, h
ascm
ade
estim
afor
199
2 by
sing
li-4y
ear-
N,
,
/4i-
\
of a
ge a
nd b
y ge
nder
. Haw
difi
-Kid
s C
ount
has
used
the
perc
enta
ge o
f\tf
il- .1
90 ,
,..
popu
latio
n re
sidi
ng in
eac
h co
unty
and
the
perc
enta
ge r
epor
tut
assn
atti
m-,
,,,
..,-2
(1
base
,,,:
,,-'-:
5A
?,,
with
the
maj
or e
thni
t gro
ups
in H
iiway
i in
esti
atin
irt e
bas
e,: c
ad
,,i,/,,
i'.
,1,
Pr C
..,,
;,..''
c4
popu
latio
n fo
r' co
untie
san
dfo
r:et
hnic
dir
siO
ns, r
espe
i ivel
y..-
..:..7
.yr
-\S
:1_,
....-
f, ,t
--.,-
. 7,,,
1/4
In e
valu
atin
g st
atis
tics,
ofi
ehdy
ld b
e- c
aref
ul to
exam
ine
theM
in c
onte
xt.*
-'1..,
,,.,
,\-:-
.- "
.,,Y
9,,
,-c)
s.
....)
,,,,,-
-t_
.,_,,,
,,,,_
__,,,
.,,,
,,A,,
We
use
rate
s or
per
cent
ages
(w
hich
are
..rea
llY 'r
ates
per
100)
so
that
une
qual
6.-
'm'1
''V
',Z4
\po
pula
tions
can
be;
mea
ning
fully
(com
pare
d. W
eals
oex
pres
siip
eAm
nu01
late
...,_
.
":..
of c
hang
e,' s
o th
at c
hang
eik
,,iiic
liW th
e' te
n ye
ars
from
198
0 to
19r
can
be\,,
,,,,-
--:,,
,,,,e
i,,,
.....
-,/,
'co
mpa
red
with
cha
nge
in e
ach
of th
e ye
ars
from
1990
uah
e m
os&
rece
nt d
ata
.*.
-',,,y
--:-
- ,r
!,
,,,:.-
- --
--%
(,,
avai
labl
e, u
sual
ly 1
992
or 1
993.
The
rat
eof
:cha
nge
is s
tate
ctas
a p
erce
nt.'
A-7
In a
reas
with
sm
all k
oPul
atid
ils,c
i,asm
all n
umbe
r of
eve
nis,
can
tran
slat
e
into
a la
rge
rate
of
Cha
nge,
Inte
rpre
tdtio
nof
cha
nges
, par
ticul
arly
at t
he s
ub-
popu
latio
net
hnie
Tha
t is
one
of th
e/re
a.so
ns,f
Or
stat
e, th
e>, 'i-
,acc
urat
e, a
lthou
gkif
isT
pois
ible
4da
ta s
houl
d be
ava
ilabl
e by
cou
nty
orsm
alle
r ge
ogra
phic
uni
t, by
-,
to o
ur c
ase)
not b
e re
Ar,
ert
atit/
:: of
theIv
-ii
BE
STC
OPY
AV
AiL
AB
LE
ethn
icity
,ge
nder
,ag
e, o
r ot
her
spec
ial u
nito
f in
tere
st.
20
"Am
eric
a's
abili
ty
Bey
ond:
Rhe
t'c
anA
gend
arr
nhes
Fiom
me-
:. on
n C
hild
ren,
19
Fam
ily C
ompo
sitio
n an
d R
esou
rces
Whe
n fa
mili
es f
lour
ish,
so
do th
eir
child
ren.
Whe
n fa
mili
es f
alte
r, c
hild
ren
suff
er. N
othi
ng is
mor
e im
port
ant t
o a
child
than
his
or
her
fam
ily. T
he
fam
ily's
res
ourc
esfi
nanc
ial,
emot
iona
l, cu
ltura
l, in
telle
ctua
lpr
ovid
e th
e
basi
c in
gred
ient
s fo
r he
alth
y ph
ysic
al g
row
th a
nd e
mot
iona
l dev
elop
men
t.
Our
fam
ilies
are
und
ergo
ing
tran
sfor
mat
ion
at th
e sa
me
time
they
are
face
d w
ith s
tres
ses
whi
ch th
reat
en f
amily
sta
bilit
y. N
atio
nally
, the
mal
e
brea
dwin
ner/
fem
ale
care
take
r fa
mily
mod
el is
no
long
er th
e no
rm. O
ther
fam
ily c
onfi
gura
tions
are
occ
urri
ng w
ith m
ore
freq
uenc
y: d
ivor
ced
and
rem
arri
ed f
amili
es, s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ilies
, fam
ilies
with
two
inco
me
earn
ers,
thre
e-ge
nera
tion
fam
ilies
, and
oth
er f
amily
units
. In
1950
, abo
ut o
ne-h
alf
of U
S ho
useh
olds
wer
e
trad
ition
al in
tact
fam
ilies
; thi
s pr
opor
tion
decl
ined
to o
nly
one-
tent
h in
198
5.
For
Haw
ai`i
, rec
ent U
S ce
nsus
fig
ures
indi
cate
that
mar
ried
cou
ples
with
chi
ldre
n un
der
the
age
of 1
8co
mpr
ised
onl
y 28
% o
f al
l fam
ilies
in 1
990,
dow
n fr
om
35%
in 1
980.
(C
hild
less
cou
ples
and
thos
e w
hose
chi
ldre
n
are
grow
n m
ake
up 5
2.3%
of
all
fam
ilies
.) D
urin
g th
e sa
me
peri
od, t
he n
umbe
r
of c
hild
ren
in H
awai
i 18
year
s of
age
and
you
nger
livi
ng w
ith s
ingl
e pa
rent
s
grew
fro
m 1
7.9%
to 2
0.8%
. Am
ong
the
expa
ndin
g gr
oups
of
non-
trad
ition
al
fam
ilies
are
thos
e he
aded
by
unm
arri
ed te
ens
with
the
perc
enta
geof
chi
ldre
n
livin
g in
thes
e ho
useh
olds
incr
easi
ng f
rom
6.5
% in
198
0 to
7.9
% in
199
2.
Oth
er li
fest
yle
chan
ges
have
acc
ompa
nied
the
stru
ctur
al r
eorg
aniz
atio
nof
the
fam
ily. M
akin
g en
ds m
eet i
n H
awai
`i h
as m
ade
two-
inco
me
fam
ilies
a
nece
ssity
. In
a H
onol
ulu
Adv
ertis
er p
oll o
f 60
5 ad
ults
con
duct
edin
Feb
ruar
y
of 1
994,
by
far
the
grea
test
per
cent
age
of r
espo
nden
ts (
54%
)fel
t tha
t the
mos
t
seri
ous
prob
lem
fac
ing
thei
r fa
mily
was
the
cost
of
livin
g. D
espi
teth
e re
lativ
ely
low
une
mpl
oym
ent r
ate
of th
e la
te 1
980s
and
ear
ly 1
990s
, the
reha
s be
en a
long
term
dec
line
in w
age
and
inco
me
grow
th in
the
stat
edu
e to
the
prev
alen
ce o
f lo
wer
pay
ing
sale
s an
d se
rvic
e jo
bs. I
n th
e pa
st 1
0 ye
ars
both
dual
-wag
e fa
mili
es a
nd m
ulti-
job
hold
ers
have
incr
ease
d. N
ot s
urpr
isin
gly,
Haw
ai`i
has
one
of
the
high
est r
ates
in th
e co
untr
y of
fem
ales
in th
ew
orkf
orce
,
or 6
0.6%
of
all w
omen
16
year
s an
dol
der
(exc
ludi
ng th
ose
in th
e m
ilita
ry).
With
so
man
y du
al-i
ncom
e fa
mili
es in
the
stat
e, f
indi
ng q
ualit
y ch
ild c
are,
.
has
beco
me
diff
icul
t at b
est.
In 1
989,
ther
e w
ere
appr
oxith
atel
y 26
,000
spa
ces
avai
labl
e in
reg
iste
red
or li
cens
ed c
hild
car
e fa
cilit
ies
for
an e
stim
ated
159,
000
child
ren
in n
eed
of c
hild
car
e, w
ith th
e la
ck o
f av
aila
bilit
y be
ing
mor
e ac
ute
for
infa
nts
and
todd
lers
.
'111
24.
Add
ethi
o th
is s
tres
s fo
r m
any
fam
ilies
.Ts,
thei
r
resp
onsi
bilit
y to
car
e fo
r ag
ing
pare
nts.
Alo
ng w
ithth
elye
st
of th
e na
tion,
our
sta
te is
exp
erie
ncin
g th
e "g
rayi
ng.o
fA
mer
ica.
'"-b
iiiin
g th
e de
cade
bet
wee
n 19
80 a
nd 1
990,
- th
e
num
ber
of p
erso
ns 6
0 ye
ars
of a
ge a
nd o
lder
in H
awai
l
incr
ease
d by
52%
con
tras
ted
with
a m
ere
:151
0 ri
se f
or'th
e
gene
ral p
opul
atio
n. H
awai
Ts
elde
rsliv
e-w
ith.f
aMily
mem
bers
or
frie
nds
in m
uch
grea
ter
perc
enta
ges
than
thei
r
mai
nlan
d C
ount
erpa
rts,
bec
ause
of
the
high
cos
t of
livin
g
heri
tage
whi
ch p
rom
otes
.mul
ti-ge
nera
tiona
l liv
ing.
App
roxi
mat
ely
77%
of
all s
enio
rs h
ave
such
livi
ng a
rran
gem
ents
as
com
pare
d
with
the
natio
nal a
vera
ge 'o
f 28
%. T
here
are
man
y po
sitiv
e as
pect
sfo
r
child
ren
bein
g ra
ised
in a
mul
ti-ge
nera
tiona
l hou
seho
ld; h
owev
er, t
head
ditio
nal c
are-
givi
ng r
espo
nsib
ilitie
s ca
n be
bur
dens
ome
for
fam
ilyw
age
and
a cu
ltura
l
earn
ers
in th
e "s
andw
ich
gene
ratio
n."
Haw
aiT
s hi
gh c
ost o
f liv
ing
has
seve
rely
touc
hed
the
lives
of
our
child
ren
in o
ther
way
s as
wel
l. T
he n
umbe
r of
poo
r ch
ildre
nliv
ing
in th
e st
ate
has
grow
n fr
om 1
3% in
197
9 to
17.
2%be
twee
n th
e ye
ars
1986
-90
incr
ease
! A
larm
ingl
y,A
larm
ingl
y, 4
1 pe
rcen
t of
the
fem
ale-
hea
ded
fam
iliek
tin,th
e st
ate
with
,yr
:0,
71,r
)ch
ildre
n un
der
S ye
ars
of a
ge. a
re li
ving
in p
over
ty. A
lso
very
AiS
turb
ing
and
indi
cativ
e of
the
curr
ent e
cono
mic
,dec
line
of f
amili
es is
th r
ecen
t, ri
se o
f
hom
eles
snes
s. A
s of
ear
ly 1
992,
ther
e w
ere
an e
stim
ated
2,5
00hc
iuse
hold
s
26-
with
out p
erm
anen
t she
lter,
with
an
addi
tiona
l 17,
000
hous
ehol
ds th
ough
t to
be s
hari
ng a
ccom
mod
atio
ns w
ith o
ther
s be
caus
e of
thei
r in
abili
ty to
fin
d
affo
rdab
le h
ousi
ng.
With
out a
dou
bt, f
amili
es a
re b
ecom
ing
incr
easi
ngly
vul
nera
ble
both
soci
ally
and
eco
nom
ical
ly. N
atio
nal s
tudi
es in
dica
te th
at f
amili
es a
re lo
sing
grou
nd in
thei
r ab
ility
to f
unct
ion
wel
l and
in g
ener
al a
re m
ore
at r
isk
than
earl
ier
gene
ratio
ns. I
n re
spon
se to
thes
e tr
oubl
esom
e ne
gativ
e tr
ends
, we
have
seen
a g
row
ing
awar
enes
s of
the
need
for
a c
ompr
ehen
sive
pla
tfor
m f
or
stre
ngth
enin
g of
fam
ilies
. Thi
s be
gan
at th
e na
tiona
l lev
el w
ith P
resi
dent
Jim
my
Car
ter's
ann
ounc
emen
t of
the
Whi
te H
ouse
Con
fere
nce
on F
amili
es in
1980
. Loc
ally
, fam
ily s
tren
gthe
ning
was
als
o a
maj
or f
ocus
of
the
Dec
isio
ns
1987
/Act
ion
1988
/Im
pact
198
9 pr
oces
s, a
cro
ss-s
ecto
r co
oper
ativ
e in
itiat
ive
spon
sore
d by
the
Haw
ai`i
Com
mun
ity S
ervi
ces
Cou
ncil
and
the
Alo
ha U
nite
d
Way
. Mos
t rec
ently
, key
pol
icy
reco
mm
enda
tions
wer
e ad
vanc
ed b
y th
e
Gov
erno
r's F
amily
Pol
icy
Aca
dem
y re
gard
ing
a co
urse
of
actio
n to
enh
ance
gove
rnm
ent a
nd o
ther
org
aniz
atio
nal s
ervi
ces
deliv
ery
syst
ems.
The
fam
ily is
the
prim
ary
inst
itutio
n ou
r so
ciet
y, th
e fo
unda
tion
upon
whi
ch w
e de
pend
for
the
succ
essf
ul n
urtu
ranc
e of
chi
ldre
n as
wel
l as
the
heal
th
and
wel
l-be
ing
of s
ocie
ty a
s a
who
le. W
ithou
t the
exi
sten
ce o
f he
alth
y fa
mili
es
to p
erpe
tuat
e ou
r tr
aditi
ons
and
valu
es, o
ur c
ount
ry w
ill in
crea
sing
ly f
all
vict
im to
soc
ial i
lls w
hich
dim
inis
h th
e qu
ality
of
life,
the
vita
lity
of o
ur
com
mun
ities
, and
our
abi
lity
to r
aise
res
pons
ible
chi
ldre
n ca
pabl
e of
gra
pplin
g
with
tom
orro
w's
cha
lleng
es.
26
A r
ecen
t glim
pse
of f
a- m
ilies
in H
awai
i sho
ws
that
dur
ing
an a
vera
ge y
ear:
2,50
4 fa
mili
es a
re h
omel
ess
(1 in
100
);
o16
,053
fam
ilies
live
in p
over
ty (
1 in
17)
;
O2,
639
are
vict
ims
of d
omes
tic v
iole
nce
in H
onol
ulu
alon
e;
154,
000
adul
ts a
re f
unct
iona
lly il
liter
ate;
O41
,760
chi
ldre
n un
der
the
age
of 1
8 liv
e w
ith s
ingl
e pa
rent
s;
683
babi
es a
re b
orn
to te
ens
17 y
ears
and
you
nger
; and
©1,
585
child
ren
are
in S
tate
car
e, d
ue to
thei
r
own
or f
amily
pro
blem
s.
27
Chi
ldre
n ar
e m
ore
Chi
ldre
n in
Pov
er
:ely
to b
e po
or th
anW
e be
gin
our
asse
ssm
ent o
f th
e w
ell-
othe
r ag
e gr
oups
,be
ing
of k
ids
by u
nder
stan
ding
thei
r
econ
omic
cir
cum
stan
ces
and
that
of
nclu
ding
the
elde
rly
thei
r fa
mili
es. E
cono
mic
sta
tus
ism
easu
red
here
by
exam
inin
g th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
child
ren
livin
g
in f
amili
es w
here
the
inco
me
is b
elow
off
icia
l pov
erty
leve
ls s
et
for
Haw
ai`i
. Thi
s ra
te r
efle
cts
an a
uste
re le
vel o
f ex
iste
nce.
Ava
ilabl
e re
sear
ch s
ugge
sts
that
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re "
near
poo
r"
also
suf
fer
disa
dvan
tage
s co
mpa
red
to c
hild
ren
who
are
bet
ter
off
mat
eria
lly.
Gro
win
g up
in p
oor
and
low
inco
me
fam
ilies
has
bee
n
asso
ciat
ed w
ith a
hos
t of
nega
tive
outc
omes
for
chi
ldre
n: le
ss
adeq
uate
pre
nata
l car
e an
d lo
w b
irth
wei
ght,
with
hig
her
infa
nt
mor
talit
y; lo
wer
leve
ls o
f sc
hool
rea
dine
ss a
nd s
low
erin
telle
ctua
l dev
elop
men
t; fr
eque
nt m
oves
that
inte
rrup
t fam
ily
stab
ility
and
sch
oolin
g; h
ighe
r le
vels
of
pers
onal
and
fam
ily
stre
ss; a
nd lo
wer
leve
ls o
fed
ucat
iona
l and
soc
ioec
onom
ic
atta
inm
ent a
s ad
ults
.
Som
e ch
ildre
n ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
be
poor
than
oth
ers.
Dat
a fr
om th
e 19
90 c
ensu
s sh
ow th
at c
hild
ren
in H
awai
`i
Cou
nty
wer
e tw
ice
as li
kely
to b
e po
or (
19.8
%)
asch
ildre
n in
othe
r co
untie
s. C
hild
ren
livin
g w
ith a
sin
gle
pare
nt w
ere
muc
h
mor
e lik
ely
to b
e po
or (
29.8
%)
than
chi
ldre
n liv
ing
with
two
pare
nts
(4.7
%).
Chi
ldre
n ar
e m
ore
likel
y to
be
poor
than
oth
er
age
grou
ps, i
nclu
ding
the
elde
rly.
PER
CE
NT
()
(II
I_I)
RI.
N I
N P
ovrI
tTi
odiu
sted
pir
I la
wai
'ls b
igb
e(is
t (4-
,'i
.198
019
90
Stat
e18
.216
.7
Ann
ual R
ate
,
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
eof
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
-90
1992
1990
-92
Tre
nd
'-0.8
617
.42.
050
P R
CE
NT
01:
CH
ILD
RE
N I
N P
0 \'E
RT
I(b
./.,z
ed im
I iS
pw
ertv
/crc
h
Stat
e
Hon
olul
uH
awai
iK
aua`
i
Mau
i
Cau
casi
anJa
pane
seH
awai
ian
Filip
ino
Chi
nese
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
anK
orea
nPa
cifi
c Is
land
er
1980
1990
Perc
ent C
hang
e
13.0
11.1
14.6
7
13.0
15.6
9.7
11.4
22.3
927
.19
16.8
716
.45
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a:
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
9.2
2.8
19.9
7.9
7.3
11,5
8.3
30.2
No
com
para
ble
data
ava
ilabl
e fr
om 1
980
Cen
sus
for
ethn
icity
.
Not
e: K
ids
Cou
nt p
refe
rs to
use
115
% o
f th
e fe
dera
l pov
erty
leve
l to
defi
ne p
over
ty in
Haw
aii.
Thi
s al
low
s fo
r be
tter
com
pari
son
with
oth
er
stat
es w
here
the
cost
of
livin
g is
muc
h lo
wer
.H
owev
er, d
ata
by c
ount
yan
d et
hnic
ity is
not
ava
ilabl
e at
115
% o
f th
e fe
dera
l pov
erty
leve
l.
The
refo
re, t
he s
tand
ard
US
pove
rty
leve
l will
be
used
inth
e lo
wer
port
ion
of th
e ta
ble
so th
at r
elat
ive
pove
rty
with
inth
e st
ate
can
be
unde
rsto
od.
28B
EST
CO
PYA
VA
ILA
BL
E
'4'
Of
the
funi
lies
with
child
ren
unde
r th
e ag
e of
18, 1
in 5
are
hea
ded
by
a si
ngle
par
ent i
n H
awai
i;
the
corr
espo
ndin
g nu
mbe
r
is 1
in 3
for
the
natio
n
Chi
ldre
n in
Sin
gle
Par
ent F
aHili
esPa
rent
s ar
e th
e m
ost i
mpo
rtan
t
adul
ts in
mos
t chi
ldre
n's
lives
.
The
num
ber
of p
aren
ts li
ving
with
a c
hild
is s
tron
gly
asso
ci-
ated
with
the
econ
omic
and
pare
ntin
g re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e
to th
at c
hild
. Man
y si
ngle
par
ent f
amili
es h
ave
othe
r ad
ults
in
the
hous
ehol
d (r
elat
ives
or
pare
nt f
igur
es)
who
may
con
trib
ute
to c
hild
rea
ring
, and
the
sim
ple
pres
ence
of
two
pare
nts
does
not g
uara
ntee
a n
urtu
ring
atm
osph
ere.
How
ever
, tw
o pa
rent
fam
ilies
usu
ally
hav
e m
ore
reso
urce
s th
an s
ingl
e pa
rent
fam
ilies
whi
ch m
akes
man
y fa
mily
task
s ea
sier
to a
chie
ve.
The
re h
as b
een
a gr
owin
g pe
rcen
tage
of
child
ren
livin
g in
sing
le-p
aren
t hou
seho
lds,
nat
iona
lly a
nd in
Haw
ai`i
. Of
the
fam
ilies
with
chi
ldre
n un
der
the
age
of 1
8, 1
in 5
are
hea
ded
by a
sin
gle
pare
nt in
Haw
ai`i
; the
cor
resp
ondi
ng n
umbe
r is
1
in 3
for
the
natio
n. N
earl
y 81
% o
f ch
ildre
n in
Haw
ai`i
's s
ingl
e-
pare
nt f
amili
es li
ve w
ith th
eir
mot
hers
.
Chi
ldre
n liv
ing
in H
awai
Ts
sing
le-p
aren
t hou
seho
lds
are
eigh
t tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
live
in p
over
ty th
an a
re o
ther
child
ren.
In
1989
, the
med
ian
inco
me
for
fam
ilies
with
child
ren
head
ed b
y si
ngle
mot
hers
was
$14
,843
and
for
fam
ilies
hea
ded
by m
arri
ed c
oupl
es w
as $
37,0
30.
30
(:1
() 1
'C
1111
.1)1
(1an
,1 p
ublic
) 1980
1990
Stat
e17
.820
.8
N\\'
1111
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1.56
SIN
C,I
.I. i
).\I
tl.N
.IS
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
9219
90-1
992
20.2
-0.9
8
Tre
nd
ft+
AtA
Wat
.T
Hon
olul
u17
.218
.50.
73n.
a.H
awai
i17
.922
.02.
06n.
a.K
aua`
i10
.618
.15.
35n.
a.M
aui
17.4
19.7
1.24
n.a.
CH
ILD
PO
VE
RT
Y
50 40 n
.
30 20'
..
BY
FA
MIL
Y T
YPE .C
hild
ren
Tw
o;P
aten
t_
Sin
glei
Fem
ale
Par
ent,'
.":',
-7-'1
,tr
-"
,,
_,1
-A
z'
I".
I I,
1
OA
HU
.H
AW
AI`
IK
AU
AI
MA
UI
BE
ST C
OPY
MIA
MI
Am
ajor
pro
blem
face
d by
child
ren
in s
ingl
e-pa
rent
hous
ehol
ds is
the
grea
ter
risk
of p
over
ty. I
n ev
ery
coun
t);
child
ren
in tw
o pa
rent
fam
ilies
are
sign
ifica
ntly
bet
ter
off
finan
cial
ly th
an a
re c
hild
ren
in
a si
ngle
-par
ent h
ouse
hold
.
The
per
cent
age
has
Birt
hs to
Sin
gle
Tee
ns
been
incr
easi
ng a
t aC
hild
ren
born
to te
en m
othe
rs a
re
muc
h m
ore
likel
y to
exp
erie
nce
the
iste
r ra
te in
Haw
aii
follo
win
g: li
ving
in p
over
ty; h
ighe
r
than
nat
iona
llyra
tes
of a
cute
and
chr
onic
heal
th
prob
lem
s; h
ighe
r ra
tes
of c
hild
abu
sean
d ne
glec
t; hi
gher
rat
es
of s
choo
l fai
lure
; and
an
incr
ease
d ch
ance
of
beco
min
g a
teen
age
pare
ntw
hen
olde
r. T
eena
ge p
aren
ting,
eve
n w
ith
adeq
uate
fin
anci
al, e
mot
iona
l,m
edic
al a
nd e
duca
tiona
l
supp
ort,
can
be to
ugh
wor
k.
Tee
ns a
ccou
nt f
or 3
0% o
f al
l non
-mar
ital
birt
hs in
Haw
ai`i
. Nat
iona
lly, 9
% o
f al
l bir
ths
are
to s
ingl
e te
en m
oms
as c
ompa
red
to 7
.9%
in H
awai
i,bu
t the
per
cent
age
has
been
incr
easi
ng a
t a f
aste
r ra
te in
Haw
aii
than
nat
iona
lly. T
he
natio
nal r
ate
is e
xcee
ded
on b
oth
Haw
ai`i
and
Kau
ai. T
he
only
eth
nic
grou
ps w
hich
mee
t or
exce
ed th
e na
tiona
l
perc
enta
ge a
reH
awai
`ian
s an
d Pa
cifi
c Is
land
ers,
but
in n
eith
er
case
doe
s th
e tr
end
sinc
e19
80 s
how
rap
id in
crea
se. N
earl
y
two-
thir
ds o
f al
l bir
ths
to s
ingl
e te
ens
are
to H
awai
ian
wom
en.
100 90 80
'
70t
60 so 40 30;
20 k
.
10
32
MI
1980
II 1
985
1990
1983
1617
1819
I )
kCE
NT
AG
I.
TO
SIN
C.F
.01 19
80
A L
iR
I k
T ll
ti
1985
1990
I II
A T
A it
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-9
019
93
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-9
3T
rend
1990
-93
Stat
e6.
56.
27.
61.
67.
91.
1
-0.4
Oah
u6.
25.
97.
11.
37.
0
Haw
aii
7.8
8.4
10.1
2.5
12.1
6.3
Kau
al7.
16.
77.
40.
59.
89.
3
Mau
i6.
65.
79.
03.
18.
7-1
.1
Ft
fa-1
1J r
Ojf
i
Cau
casi
an0.
60.
52.
112
.52.
0-1
.3
Japa
nese
2.3
1.9
3.0
2.8
1.8
-16.
4
Haw
ai`i
an13
.112
.814
.81.
215
.51.
6
Chi
nese
1.2
1.0
1.7
3.7
1.1
-12.
8
Filip
ino
5.8
6.2
7.5
2.6
7.1
-1.9
Kor
ean
2.2
0.9
1.9
-1.4
3.5
20.6
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an3.
71.
73.
2-1
.34.
712
.6
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
5.8
6.4
7.4
2.5
9.0
6.3
E R
iThe
=f=
sing
lt t
13-1
41.
40.
71.
51.
7
15-1
738
.038
.137
.637
.50
1830
.729
.726
.126
.6
1929
.931
.534
.834
.2
TR
EN
D T
O R
EM
AIN
SIN
GL
E A
ST
EE
N P
AR
EN
TIt
is n
ot u
nexp
ecte
d th
at a
t the
low
est a
ges,
alm
osta
ll
teen
s gi
ving
bir
th a
re u
nmar
ried
. How
ever
,the
re h
as
been
a s
igni
fica
nt in
crea
se in
thos
e IS
- an
d I9
-yea
r-
old
mom
s w
ho a
re s
ingl
e pa
rent
s.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AiL
AB
LE
13
Chi
ldre
n w
itbou
t hea
lthC
hild
ren
with
Hea
lth I
nsur
ance
insu
ranc
e m
ay b
e fo
rced
to
wai
t for
atte
ntio
n un
tii a
You
don
't ne
ed to
list
en to
the
be lo
wer
than
the
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Surv
ey r
epor
ted
for
all
natio
nal d
ebat
e co
ncer
ning
child
ren.
Sch
ool r
ecor
ds s
how
the
perc
ent o
f pu
blic
sch
ool
min
or in
fect
ion
beco
mes
ahe
alth
car
e re
form
for
long
stud
ents
with
out h
ealth
insu
ranc
e as
fol
low
s:
full-
blow
n em
erge
ncy
befo
reyo
u un
ders
tand
the
plig
ht o
f th
ose
who
do
not h
ave
heal
th in
sura
nce.
Chi
ldre
nO
ahu
3.0%
with
out h
ealth
insu
ranc
e m
ay b
e fo
rced
to w
ait f
or a
ttent
ion
Haw
aii
8.8%
until
a m
inor
infe
ctio
n be
com
es a
ful
l-bl
own
emer
genc
y. T
hey
Kau
ai8.
8%
may
hav
e to
dep
end
on th
e ki
ndne
ss o
f st
rang
ers
in w
hite
Mau
i3.
2%
coat
s in
hos
pita
l em
erge
ncy
room
s be
caus
e th
ey c
anno
t aff
ord
regu
lar
care
fro
m a
doc
tor
who
kno
ws
thei
r na
me
and
med
ical
hist
ory.
The
low
rat
e of
imm
uniz
atio
n fo
r ch
ildho
od d
isea
ses
is
undo
ubte
dly
rela
ted
to th
is la
ck o
f ac
cess
, alth
ough
ther
e ar
e
othe
r fa
ctor
s in
volv
ed, t
oo.
Nat
iona
lly, n
earl
y a
quar
ter
of th
e 37
mill
ion
Am
eric
ans
who
are
uni
nsur
ed a
re c
hild
ren.
At l
east
1 o
f ev
ery
6 ch
ildre
n
in th
e U
nite
d St
ates
lack
s he
alth
insu
ranc
e co
vera
ge. I
n
Haw
ai`i
, eve
n th
ough
em
ploy
ers
are
requ
ired
to o
ffer
and
cont
ribu
te to
war
d th
e co
st o
f he
alth
insu
ranc
e, n
earl
y 1
child
in 1
0 is
uni
nsur
ed. O
nly
two
stat
es, C
onne
ctic
ut a
ndM
inne
sota
, hav
e a
bette
r ra
te o
f co
vera
ge f
or c
hild
ren.
Esp
ecia
lly h
ard-
hit a
re th
ose
who
live
in f
amili
es w
ith
inco
mes
at j
ust a
bove
the
pove
rty
line,
as
they
are
mor
e lik
ely
than
the
poor
est c
hild
ren
to la
ck c
over
age.
The
199
2-19
93 A
nnua
l Rep
ort o
f Sc
hool
Hea
lth S
ervi
ces
foun
d th
e nu
mbe
r of
uni
nsur
ed s
tude
nts
in p
ublic
sch
ools
to
34
PIt
CI:
NT
OF
C11
11.1
)ItE
NH
rA
I.T
H I
Nsu
k N
c(p
riva
te a
nd p
ublic
)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9219
90-1
992
Tre
nd
Stat
e84
.392
.10.
7993
.90.
97
BE
ST C
OPY
MA
LE
35.
Nea
rly
33%
of
hous
ehol
ds a
reT
he la
rges
t sha
re o
f fa
mily
inco
me
norm
ally
is s
pent
on
hous
ing.
As
aov
erbu
rden
ed w
ithge
nera
l rul
e, th
e lo
wer
the
fam
ilysh
elte
r pa
ymen
ts in
com
e, th
e la
rger
the
prop
ortio
n of
that
inco
me
whi
ch m
ust b
e co
mm
itted
tosh
elte
r. W
hen
the
shar
e w
hich
mus
t go
to h
ousi
ng c
osts
is la
rge,
othe
r de
man
ds
on in
com
e m
ust b
ere
duce
d. T
his
mea
ns th
at a
hig
h sh
elte
r-to
-
inco
me
ratio
may
for
ce f
amili
es to
curt
ail s
pend
ing
on
clot
hing
, med
ical
car
e, b
ooks
, and
oth
er it
ems
impo
rtan
t to
deve
lopi
ng c
hild
ren.
A c
omm
only
use
d m
easu
re o
fsh
elte
r co
st b
urde
n is
whe
ther
she
lter
cost
s ex
ceed
30%
of
hous
ehol
d in
com
e.
Stat
ewid
e, n
earl
y 33
% o
f ho
useh
olds
are
over
burd
ened
with
shel
ter
paym
ents
in e
xces
s of
30%
of in
com
e. H
ome
owne
rshi
p in
Haw
aii i
s ex
peri
ence
dby
52%
of
the
popu
latio
n:
0`ah
u48
%
Haw
ai`i
68%
Kau
ai60
%
Mau
i61
%
The
she
lter
cost
bur
den
is g
reat
est
for
new
hom
e bu
yers
and
for
thos
e w
ho r
ent;
43.7
%of
all
rent
ers
in 1
992
had
a
shel
ter-
to-i
ncom
e ra
tio o
f 30
% o
r m
ore.
0`ah
u44
.6%
Haw
ai`i
37.8
%
Kau
ai36
.0%
Mau
i43
.8%
36
..
.
Cos
t of S
helte
rT
hose
fam
ilies
who
hav
e re
cent
ly c
ome
toH
awai
`i o
r w
ho
mov
e fr
eque
ntly
hav
e gr
eate
rsh
elte
r-to
-inc
ome
ratio
s. O
f
thos
e w
ho h
ad li
ved
less
than
one
yea
r in
thei
r cu
rren
t hom
e,
57.8
% h
ad s
helte
r co
sts
in e
xces
s of
30%
of th
eir
inco
me.
Of
thos
e w
ho h
ad li
ved
in th
eir
curr
ent h
ome
for
over
ten
year
s,
only
12.
6% s
tate
wid
e ha
d su
ch h
eavy
shel
ter
burd
ens.
1992
Stat
e32
.9
Hon
olul
u34
.3
Haw
ai`i
23.9
Kau
ai31
.4
Mau
i33
.9
100 80 60 40 20
II11
111
I1
1111
S-
Poo
r an
d ne
ar p
oor
fam
ilies
obv
ious
ly
mus
t con
cent
rate
thei
r sp
tzdi
ng o
n
abso
lute
nec
essi
ties
whi
le th
ose
who
hav
e
grea
ter
finan
cial
res
ourc
es s
pend
asm
alle
r
prop
ortio
n of
thei
r in
com
e on
she
lter.
A
1989
stu
dy o
n ch
ild c
are
by th
e
Gov
erno
r's O
ffice
on
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
reve
aled
the
dem
and
orsh
eher
and
chi
ld
care
cos
ts o
n fa
mili
es w
ithdi
fferin
g
inco
mes
. Fam
ilies
with
inco
me
of le
ss;
than
$20
,000
can
spe
nd le
ss th
anha
lf of
thei
r re
stric
ted
inco
me
for
food
,
tran
spor
tatio
n, c
loth
ings
AS
4Ool
and
med
ical
exp
ense
s.f
C.
3,7
BE
ST C
OPY
Alf
AiL
AB
L
Infa
ncy
and
Pre
scho
ol Y
ears
Men
tion
babi
es in
mos
t non
-wor
k co
nver
satio
ns a
nd n
ote
the
smile
s.
Polit
icia
ns k
iss
them
, gra
ndpa
rent
s, a
unts
and
unc
les
brag
abo
ut th
em, p
aren
ts
flas
h pi
ctur
es o
f th
em, o
ther
chi
ldre
n ho
ver
over
them
.Of
cour
se, t
here
is th
e
resp
onsi
bilit
y fa
ctor
. Res
pons
ibili
ty h
as m
any
leve
ls a
nd is
idea
lly s
hare
d.
Car
ing
and
reso
urce
ful p
aren
ts w
ho a
re jo
ined
by
fam
ily a
nd f
rien
ds in
nurt
urin
g th
e ch
ild m
ust b
e su
ppor
ted
by th
e la
rger
soc
iety
.Thi
s ha
s le
d to
the
wid
espr
ead
adop
tion
of th
e A
fric
an p
rove
rb: "
It ta
kes
a vi
llage
to r
aise
ach
ild."
The
bir
th o
f a
baby
is o
ften
the
real
bir
th o
f a
fam
ily.
Tho
se w
ho m
arry
are
calle
d "a
cou
ple"
unt
ilth
ey h
ave
a ch
ild. T
he b
irth
of
a ch
ild is
usu
ally
antic
ipat
ed w
ith g
reat
joy,
alth
ough
the
wis
e on
es w
ill c
ombi
neth
at w
ith th
e
reco
gniti
on th
at a
ny b
irth
bri
ngs
chan
ge, w
hich
is in
itsel
f
stre
ssfu
l. T
he c
are
of a
chi
ld b
egin
s ev
en b
efor
e bi
rth
with
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f pa
rent
ing
attit
udes
and
kno
wle
dge
and
the
prov
isio
n of
phy
sica
l pro
tect
ion.
Tha
t is
one
of
the
reas
ons
for
the
emph
asis
bei
ng p
lace
d on
ear
lyan
d
cont
inuo
us p
rena
tal c
are
for
preg
nant
wom
en.
It w
as lo
ng f
elt t
hat a
ll A
mer
ican
wom
en w
hoha
d
easy
acc
ess
to h
ealth
car
e(f
inan
cial
ly, g
eogr
aphi
cally
, and
othe
rwis
e) w
ould
vis
it a
phys
icia
n w
ithin
the
firs
t
trim
este
r of
a p
regn
ancy
. How
ever
, eve
n as
mor
eha
s
beco
me
know
n an
d pu
blic
ized
abo
ut th
e ef
fect
sof
the
mot
her's
hea
lth b
ehav
iors
on
the
unbo
rn c
hild
,th
ere
has
been
perc
ent o
f th
ose
seek
ing
earl
ypr
enat
al c
are.
Acc
ordi
ng to
199
2 bi
rth
cert
ific
ate
info
rmat
ion
in H
awai
i,11
.2%
of
all
wom
en g
ivin
g bi
rth
smok
edan
d 1.
8% r
epor
ted
cons
umin
g al
coho
l dur
ing
preg
nanc
y, w
ith n
ativ
e H
awai
`ian
and
Sam
oan
wom
en b
eing
mor
e lik
ely
to
smok
e an
d ad
mit
to a
lcoh
ol c
onsu
mpt
ion.
Thi
s is
muc
h le
ss th
an n
atio
nal
rate
s of
a d
ecad
e ag
o. N
atio
nally
, in
1980
ful
ly 2
5% o
f m
arri
ed m
othe
rs w
ith
infa
nts
smok
ed d
urin
g pr
egna
ncy
and
near
ly 4
0%dr
ank
alco
hol.
Of
babi
es b
orn
with
bir
th d
efec
ts in
Haw
ai`i
duri
ng 1
989
and
1991
,
24.4
% o
f th
e m
othe
rs s
mok
ed, 1
1.7%
dra
nkal
coho
l, m
ater
nal d
rug
usag
e
alon
e w
as e
vide
nt 1
0.7%
of
the
time,
and
mat
erna
l use
of
both
dru
gs a
nd
alco
hol o
ccur
red
anot
her
22.3
% o
f th
e tim
e, a
ccor
ding
to r
epor
tsfr
om th
e
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
. Sta
tew
ide,
it is
est
imat
ed th
at .0
1% (
10.4
per
100,
000
live
birt
hs)
of a
ll in
fant
s ar
e bo
rn w
ith f
etal
alc
ohol
synd
rom
e. T
his
com
pare
s
to a
nat
iona
l est
imat
e of
bet
wee
n 10
0an
d 30
0 pe
r 10
0,00
0 liv
e bi
rths
.
The
use
of
illic
it dr
ugs
duri
ng p
regn
ancy
app
ears
toha
ve in
crea
sed
sign
ific
antly
in H
awai
i, as
in th
e re
st o
f th
e na
tion.
The
Chi
ld P
rote
ctiv
e
Serv
ices
Med
ical
Tea
m a
t the
Reg
iona
l Per
inat
al C
ente
r(K
apio
`lan
i Med
ical
Cen
ter)
rep
orte
d 10
8 "d
rug
expo
sed"
bab
ies
in 1
989,
abi
g in
crea
se o
ver
the
17 f
ound
in 1
987.
Furt
her
test
ing
done
bet
wee
n 19
89
and
1992
fou
nd th
at 4
.4%
of
all p
regn
ant w
omen
test
ed
had
a po
sitiv
e ur
ine
drug
scr
een.
Mos
t of
thes
e w
omen
wer
e in
the
19-
to29
-yea
rs-o
f-ag
e br
acke
t and
had
mor
e
than
12
year
s of
edu
catio
n. O
ver
half
wer
e H
awai
ian,
one
quar
ter
wer
e C
auca
sian
,w
hile
few
wer
e A
sian
. The
coun
ty o
f K
aua`
i had
the
high
est r
ate,
near
ly d
oubl
e th
e
rate
of
othe
r co
untie
s.
Ano
ther
are
a of
ris
k to
new
born
s th
at h
as in
crea
sed
grea
tly in
rec
ent y
ears
is A
IDS.
In
the
late
198
0s a
sero
prev
alen
ce s
urve
y of
new
born
s re
veal
ed a
n H
IV
posi
tive
prev
alen
ce o
f 0.
3 in
fant
s pe
r 1,
000
live
birt
hs.
Thi
s da
ta a
nd o
ther
info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
dev
elop
men
t of
AID
S, le
ad to
the
proj
ectio
n th
at
Haw
ai`i
wou
ld h
ave
2 to
5 c
ases
of
pedi
atri
c A
IDS
each
yea
r.
Of
cour
se, m
ost i
nfan
ts g
et o
ff to
a h
ealth
y st
art a
nd a
ttent
ion
can
then
shif
t to
thei
r sa
fety
and
dev
elop
men
t. O
ne o
f th
em
ajor
con
cern
s fo
r m
ost
pare
nts
is th
e av
aila
bilit
y an
dac
cess
ibili
ty o
f qu
ality
chi
ld c
are.
Nat
iona
lly,
28%
of
pres
choo
lers
wer
e in
chi
ld c
are
cent
ers
in19
90, u
p fr
om o
nly
6% in
1965
. A 1
989
stud
y by
the
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
eof
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
fou
nd
that
less
than
a th
ird
of th
e in
fant
s, to
ddle
rsan
d pr
esch
oole
rs in
Haw
aiT
s
a de
clin
e in
the
4n41
wor
kfor
ce h
ouse
hold
s w
ith c
hild
car
e w
ere
care
d fo
r in
thei
r ho
me.
Of
the
two-
thir
ds c
ared
for
aw
ay f
rom
hom
e, o
ver
60%
of
infa
nts
and
todd
lers
wer
e
care
d fo
r in
non
-fam
ily h
omes
. For
old
er p
resc
hool
ers,
cen
ter
base
d ca
re w
as
the
prev
alen
t mod
e.
In H
awai
`i in
199
0, 5
8.1%
of
all c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 6
had
both
or
thei
r
only
par
ent i
n th
e la
bor
forc
e. N
atio
nally
, am
ong
wom
en w
ith s
ome
colle
ge
(fro
m n
o de
gree
to g
radu
ate/
prof
essi
onal
deg
ree)
who
gav
e bi
rth,
ove
r ha
lf
retu
rned
to th
e w
orkf
orce
bef
ore
the
child
's f
irst
bir
thda
y. A
mon
g hi
gh s
choo
l
grad
s, 4
4% w
ere
back
on
the
job
with
in a
yea
r of
giv
ing
birt
h. T
his
mea
ns a
grea
t dea
l of
the
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r th
e em
otio
nal,
cogn
itive
, and
soc
ial
deve
lopm
ent o
f ch
ildre
n is
sha
red
by p
aren
ts a
nd c
hild
car
e pr
ovid
ers.
Man
y
stud
ies
have
sho
wn
that
pre
scho
ol e
xper
ienc
es a
re e
nric
hing
for
chi
ldre
n an
d
help
to p
repa
re th
em f
or s
choo
l. T
hat i
s on
e re
ason
that
acc
ess
to p
resc
hool
for
Haw
ai`i
's p
oore
st c
hild
ren
has
been
iden
tifie
d as
an
impo
rtan
t ind
icat
or f
or
this
rep
ort.
The
onl
y m
easu
re th
at h
as b
een
avai
labl
e re
gard
ing
the
'sch
ool-
read
ines
s'
of H
awai
`i's
chi
ldre
n ha
s be
en th
e re
sults
of
the
Peab
ody
Pict
ure
Voc
abul
ary
Tes
t. In
199
1 it
was
fou
nd th
at 8
0% o
f ch
ildre
n en
teri
ng k
inde
rgar
ten
test
ed
belo
w a
ge le
vel i
n vo
cabu
lary
dev
elop
men
t on
the
Peab
ody.
The
199
1
Car
negi
e Fo
unda
tion
repo
rt f
ound
60%
of
Haw
ai`i
's k
inde
rgar
ten
child
ren
wer
e la
ckin
g in
lang
uage
ski
lls. T
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n ha
s ce
ased
the
syst
em-w
ide
adm
inis
trat
ion
of a
sch
ool r
eadi
ness
test
, alth
ough
indi
vidu
al
scho
ols
still
use
it. 42
A r
ecen
t glim
pse
of H
awaq
s in
fant
s an
d pi
'e-
scho
oler
s sh
ows
that
dur
ing
fan
aver
age
year
:
6,34
4 ba
bies
are
bor
n w
hose
mom
Vdi
d no
t get
ear
ly
pren
atal
car
e;
1,34
2 ba
bies
are
bor
n w
eigh
ing
less
than
5.5
pou
nds,
mos
t
need
ing
neon
atal
inte
nsiv
e ca
re w
hich
cos
ts m
ore
than
the
cost
of
nine
mon
ths
of p
rena
tal c
are;
141
infa
nts
die
befo
re th
eir
firs
t bir
thda
yab
otit
3% o
f
thes
e fr
om in
juri
es r
athe
r th
an il
lnes
s;
1,30
3 in
fant
s ar
e bo
rn w
ith r
isk
fact
ors
(bio
logi
cal o
r
envi
ronm
enta
l) th
at m
ake
them
like
ly to
exp
erie
nce
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ays;
6,93
0 th
ree-
year
-old
s ha
ve n
ot y
et r
ecei
ved
the
full
rang
e of
basi
c re
com
men
ded
imm
uniz
atio
ns;
62,6
25 c
hild
ren
unde
r 5
have
bot
h pa
rent
s or
thei
r on
ly
pare
nt in
the
labo
r fo
rce
and
have
nee
d fo
r sa
fe a
nd
stim
ulat
ing
child
car
e;
938
pre-
scho
oler
s ar
e th
e vi
ctim
s of
con
firm
ed c
hild
abu
se
and/
or n
egle
ct, 2
8% o
f w
hom
are
und
er 1
yea
r of
age
.
1995
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
43
In 1
993
few
er w
omen
in
awai
t vis
ited
a do
ctor
inT
he r
ecei
pt o
f ea
rly
and
on-
goin
g pr
enat
al c
are
incr
ease
sth
e fi
rst t
rim
este
r of
thei
rth
e ch
ance
s of
del
iver
ing
preg
nanc
y th
an in
198
0 he
alth
y, f
ull-
term
, nor
mal
-w
eigh
t bab
ies.
Ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
can
enco
urag
e go
od h
ealth
habi
ts d
urin
g pr
egna
ncy,
lead
to e
arly
det
ectio
n of
med
ical
prob
lem
s an
d pr
ovid
e a
gate
way
to s
uppo
rt a
nd a
ssis
tanc
e.
All
thes
e ar
e as
soci
ated
with
impr
oved
bir
th o
utco
mes
.
Abo
ut 7
6% o
f U
S w
omen
, but
onl
y 49
% o
f th
ose
unde
r
age
18, g
ot p
rena
tal c
are
in th
e fi
rst t
rim
este
rof
pre
gnan
cy in
1991
, the
late
st y
ear
for
whi
ch n
atio
nal d
ata
wer
e av
aila
ble.
Alth
ough
76%
Haw
aiT
s w
omen
had
ear
ly p
rena
tal c
are
in
1980
, in
1993
few
er w
omen
vis
ited
a do
ctor
in th
e fi
rst
trim
este
r of
pre
gnan
cy th
an in
198
0. T
here
has
bee
n a
fair
ly
stea
dy d
eclin
e st
atew
ide.
Haw
ai`i
Cou
nty
has
the
high
est p
erce
nt o
f w
omen
taki
ng
this
impo
rtan
t ste
p, f
ollo
wed
by
Kau
ai. T
here
hav
e be
en
rece
nt g
ains
am
ong
Paci
fic
Isla
nd w
omen
,al
thou
gh th
eir
perc
enta
ge c
ontin
ues
to b
e by
far
the
low
est.
Japa
nese
wom
en
are
mos
t lik
ely
to s
eek
earl
y m
edic
al c
are,
but 1
2% f
ewer
did
so in
199
3 th
an in
198
0. BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AiL
AB
LE
44
yP
rena
tal C
are
'A
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Ann
ual R
ateo
fCha
nge
-'19
8019
90' 1
980-
1990
1993
1990
-199
3T
rend
Stat
e''7
6.2
'Hon
olul
uH
awai
iK
aual
Mau
i
68.9
'-1
.01
67.6
--0
.63
NA
.
78.5
.67.
6'
-1A
6
68.7
71.0
0:32
66.0
''6
6.2
9.03
.-
71.2
,72
.7.
0.20
"651
90.
8877
.22.
81
72'9
2.78
67.8
-2.3
4
Cau
casi
an..
81.3
75.1
-0.7
9
Japa
nese
88.4
81.1
-0.8
7.
Haw
ai`
ian
71.5
70.0
"-1.
17
Filip
ino
75.5
67.8
-1.0
8
Chi
nese
88.2
80.2
'Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an74
.365
.4
Kor
ean
-.'
82.4
74.7
.
Paci
fic.
Isl
ande
r,
48.8
'39.
8,
TR
EN
DS
IN E
AR
LY
6011
1119
80
50 40 t;
30 20,
10 0
74.9
64.9
65.5
-0.0
9,
-2.0
0
-1.1
1
'4,9
570
.9-4
.13
'4.2
7,
67.0
.0.7
91.
8263
.3:2
.75
-2.0
243
.52-
.98
.,t
PRE
NA
TA
L:C
A R
E6
1990
1993
'1 I
l';
,-..-
.-...
.,,,-
-,--
7-:
-- -
' ...
,-, "
-..-
7.-.
,t
.I'
1,'
1ji,
,.....
-_-,
_,...
...,
.-,
,.. F
-1
t
i-I'
1.,
I,
I
11.
I;I'
1'
-1(
I;t 1-
-
rI,
..1.1
.I,
1.,_BY
-AG
E O
FU
'3';'
',-
,i,,-
-M
OT
H E
R.,-
;"
siY
o r,
gfr,
,.te
enm
ops
are
the
leas
iliki
lyi3
Onf
en to
see
k...
,ea
rly p
renc
ttala
re -
onl
yG
abou
t a th
ird d
o so
. Onl
y ha
lf
of th
e ba
bies
0bo
rn to
a te
enag
e3
...
wom
en a
re li
kely
to h
atii
had
iron
,rc
are
the
first
trim
ern`
..-0'
.0..,
'",
Thi
l has
a n
egat
ive
impa
ctsn
rY-,
the
over
all a
ta-r
egar
ding
_...
,r/
,r
..;1,
;.).
pren
atal
,re
, and
ts;r
efle
cted
...,p
..--.
R -
y i
in p
oore
r bi
rth
oiity
omes
for
..,te
enag
e m
othe
rs. j
.n,
45
7. -
birt
h is
a k
ey in
dica
tor
low
Birt
h-W
eigh
t Inf
ants
of n
ewbo
rn h
ealth
, and
Low
bir
th-w
eigh
t inf
ants
(th
ose
wei
ghin
g le
ss th
an 5
.5 p
ound
s at
is d
irec
tly r
elat
ed to
birt
h) a
re m
ore
likel
y to
die
dur
ing
infa
nt s
urvi
val,
heal
th,
the
firs
t yea
r th
an f
ull-
wei
ght
and
deve
lopm
ent b
abie
s. R
esea
rch
has
show
n th
atth
ey a
re a
lso
mor
e lik
ely
to e
xper
ienc
e di
sabi
litie
s an
d he
alth
prob
lem
s su
ch a
s m
enta
l ret
arda
tion,
dev
elop
men
tat d
elay
s,
visu
al a
nd h
eari
ng d
efec
ts, c
hron
ic r
espi
rato
ry a
ilmen
ts,
autis
m, a
nd le
arni
ng d
iffi
culti
es th
at in
terf
ere
with
nor
mal
deve
lopm
ent a
nd p
rogr
ess
in s
choo
l.
The
per
cent
of
Haw
aiT
s ba
bies
that
are
low
-wei
ght h
as
been
nea
r th
e na
tiona
l ave
rage
, dip
ping
slig
htly
low
er in
the
mos
t rec
ent r
epor
ts. T
he s
tate
goa
l of
havi
ng n
o m
ore
than
7.0%
of
new
born
s cl
assi
fied
as
low
bir
th-w
eigh
t was
met
in
both
199
2 an
d 19
93. H
owev
er, H
onol
ulu
Cou
nty
was
abo
ve
that
leve
l.
Filip
ino,
Jap
anes
e, a
nd A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
bab
ies
tend
to
have
a h
ighe
r in
cide
nce
of lo
w b
irth
-wei
ght t
han
othe
r et
hnic
grou
ps in
Haw
ai`i
. The
re w
as a
mar
ked
incr
ease
in th
e
perc
enta
ge o
f Pa
cifi
c Is
land
er b
abie
s th
at w
eigh
ed le
ss th
an 5
.5
poun
ds b
etw
een
1990
and
199
3. A
ll ot
her
ethn
ic g
roup
s ar
e
show
ing
a tr
end
tow
ard
few
er lo
w b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s.
BE
ST C
OPY
MO
W
46
Anl
ival
Rat
e of
Cha
nge.
. Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
8019
9019
80-1
990
1993
1990
-199
3T
rend
Stat
e7.
17.
10
6.9
-0.9
5
Hon
olul
u-7.
27.
1:
-0.0
47.
26.
1 5'
-7.7
2.43
j °.
6.7'
,0:1
5-4
.70
Kau
a`k
7.5
8.0
0.75
-.
5.2
.-14
.52
Mau
i'7.
55.
7.
-183
,5
.5,
-1. 0
2
Cau
casi
an5
4S
603
04
7-5
39Ja
i:Pin
e:Si
c,,
,7.
06;
9.7
0.14
'-''
71,
3,47..,
.
Haw
aila
n -
'7.1
:''.
:74.
''0
.41
:6.
872
68'C
hine
se i
'4.6
'.3
62'.
;.-
196
: 6.1
0.56
-.
Filip
ino
-,--
-.
' 9.6
2 ;
8.8
'.-l
ie,,
817.
-0.4
7:
Kor
ean
.:.
=,..
6.6
. .,'
_, 4
.6 .-
;-.
,73
.54
: ,:-
1.;4
1.;:
.':.
; '4.
17:
:Pac
ific
ilila
nder
'3
9 ",
-: 4
.40.
58..'
71.
,;
1:9.
21,
Aft
ican
7Ani
eriC
an.1
0.0
'411
.0 '
,- ,,
:097
:.-
:' '1
05-
-,'1
.:'.6
01
6111
M11
1341
1111
1"IM
I:::H
''....
17'
Fem
ale.
.'
7577.
.i.'
0.28
''-'.-
-7.5
*."-
OA
P?0
Mal
e:-
::%
1i 6
.':-
64.'
`.::,
7:o-
ay:,.
,- -
::.6.
3:=
.-,
,,-.-
i1 5
21
20.0
18.0
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0 8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
47.
00
1980
1985
i990 19
83
157'
,;16
.17
410
:J9
j
:t
1 8j
, ear
-ori
loi
l ers
the
tren
d.?
/
Whi
te te
en4n
om:s
iirtif
it to
hav
e a.
0,
,hi
gher
per
cent
age
or to
uAbi
rtn-
wei
ght.
,,,,,b
abie
s .th
an th
e ge
nera
l. po
7iul
atic
e1,it
is
rain
gto
t tha
t am
ong
IS-
.7
..fe
wer
low
:',ot
her
teen
ager
s,' t
hecr
ease
.
betii
reir
199
0,a
:-
Ola
bles
. for
,
over
,, -
tune
(thc
çff
ntfo
rall
.
The
ris
k of
dea
th is
hig
h
in th
e fi
rst y
ear
of li
fe T
he v
ery
youn
g an
d th
e el
derl
yar
e th
e m
ost p
hysi
cally
vuln
erab
le s
egm
ents
of
the
popu
latio
n.
The
ris
k of
dea
th is
as
high
in th
e fi
rst y
ear
of li
fe a
s it
is a
t age
65. T
he in
fant
mor
talit
y ra
te is
def
ined
as
the
num
ber
of
deat
hs to
infa
nts
(und
er th
e ag
e of
one
) pe
r 1,
000
live
birt
hs.
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
is th
e m
ost w
idel
y-us
ed in
dica
tor
of q
ualit
yof
life
in d
evel
opin
g co
untr
ies
as it
cap
ture
s el
emen
tsof
the
leve
l
of n
utri
tion,
san
itatio
n, m
edic
al tr
eatm
ent,
and
econ
omic
deve
lopm
ent i
n on
e m
easu
re. H
awai
`ido
es w
ell i
n te
rms
of
infa
nt m
orta
lity,
ran
king
8th
am
ong
the
stat
es in
199
1fo
r th
e
low
est r
ate
of in
fant
dea
ths.
Man
y fa
ctor
s th
at le
ad to
low
bir
th-w
eigh
tals
o co
ntri
bute
to in
fant
mor
talit
y. D
urin
g th
e 19
80s,
infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
s
decl
ined
, whi
le th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
infa
nts
with
low
bir
th
wei
ghts
incr
ease
d. A
dvan
ces
inne
onat
al m
edic
ine
have
resu
lted
in m
ore
at-r
isk
infa
nts
surv
ivin
g th
e fi
rst f
ewm
onth
s
of li
fe. S
till,
abou
t hal
f of
all
infa
nt d
eath
s ar
eat
trib
uted
to
peri
nata
l con
ditio
ns, w
ith n
earl
y a
fift
h ha
ving
con
geni
tal
anom
alie
s w
hich
cau
sed
thei
r de
ath.
Thr
ee p
erce
ntof
infa
nt
deat
hs a
re f
rom
inju
ries
, with
hom
icid
e be
ing
the
lead
ing
caus
e
of in
jury
dea
th to
bab
ies
in H
awai
`i, a
ccor
ding
to a
rec
ent
stud
y by
the
Inju
ry P
reve
ntio
nan
d C
ontr
ol P
rogr
am, D
OH
.
The
dec
line
in in
fant
mor
talit
y in
our
sta
te w
as s
teep
and
stea
dy b
etw
een
1980
and
199
0,w
ith a
35.
6% d
rop.
A
dram
atic
rev
ersa
l has
rec
ently
occ
urre
d. B
etw
een
1990
and
1993
ther
e w
as a
10%
incr
ease
in in
fant
dea
ths.
Mos
t of
that
can
be a
ttrib
uted
to in
crea
ses
in H
awai
`i a
nd K
aua`
i cou
ntie
s
or a
mon
g N
ativ
e H
awai
`ian
and
Filip
ino
infa
nts.
The
mor
talit
y
rate
is h
ighe
r fo
r m
ale
infa
nts
than
for
fem
ale,
whi
le c
ivili
an a
nd
mili
tary
-rel
ated
infa
nts
have
iden
tical
mor
talit
y ra
tes.
48
nfan
t Mor
talit
yC
AU
TIO
N: I
n ex
amin
ing
the
data
, kee
p in
min
d th
at th
e nu
mbe
ts,:o
fin
fant
s be
ing
born
or
dyin
g ou
tsid
e 0`
ahu
and
amon
get
hnic
gro
ups:
aie
..sm
all a
nd, t
here
fore
, the
rat
es a
re s
ubje
ct to
gre
at v
aria
tion.
'Sta
te
:Ann
ual R
ate
'of
Cha
nge
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
90;
"4"
1980
-199
0' -
1993
.4
'-199
0-19
93T
rend
10.1
6.5,
"' "
"4.4
7P
- 7.2
3.65
ET
HN
IcIT
:ac
.
Japa
nese
Filip
ino
Chi
nese
,,.A
fric
an A
mer
ican
is l
6,1
1.K
orea
n-
A8
2,
A3.
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
..16
.6 -
!;-1
1:74
5/
.4,E
=%
451T
*Iif
t7--
"'30.1
0
18.5
0-3
6.62
0.56
Fem
ale
iiifa
ntS'
.:Mal
e in
fant
s t
10.2
..5
.516
:10
9.9
7.3
-3.0
0
4.82
2.80
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
..
Bot
h fe
dera
l and
Haw
ai`i
goal
s ai
m fo
r at
leas
t 90%
of a
ll ch
ildre
n to
com
plet
e
the
basi
c im
mun
izat
ion
serie
s by
two
year
s of
age
by th
e ye
ar 2
000
Fu
yIm
mun
ized
Tw
o-Y
ea r
,Old
s
Chi
ldho
od d
isea
ses
(mea
sles
,'
mum
ps, r
ubel
la, d
ipht
heri
a,
pert
ussi
s, te
tanu
s, a
nd p
olio
)ca
n le
ad to
per
man
ent d
isab
il-
ity o
r de
ath.
Im
mun
izat
ions
prot
ect c
hild
ren
by p
reve
ntin
gth
ese
dise
ases
. A r
ecor
d of
pro
per
imm
uniz
atio
ns is
req
uire
d
for
entr
y in
to c
hild
car
e ce
nter
s an
d sc
hool
s in
Haw
ail,
so
mos
t fiv
e-ye
ar-o
lds
have
rec
eive
d al
l rec
omm
ende
dim
mun
izat
ions
. How
ever
, chi
ldre
n sh
ould
hav
e re
ceiv
ed
imm
uniz
atio
ns lo
ng b
efor
e th
at p
oint
(m
edic
al a
nd p
ublic
heal
th e
xper
ts r
ecom
men
d be
fore
age
2)
to b
e pr
oper
ly
prot
ecte
d.
Thi
s m
easu
re c
an a
lso
be r
egar
ded
as a
pro
xy f
or th
e
prop
ortio
n of
ver
y yo
ung
child
ren
getti
ng a
cces
s to
at l
east
min
imal
wel
l-ch
ild c
are.
Bot
h fe
dera
l and
Haw
aii g
oals
aim
for
at le
ast 9
0% o
f al
l chi
ldre
n to
com
plet
e th
e ba
sic
imm
uniz
atio
n se
ries
by
two
year
s of
age
by
the
year
200
0.
Not
e: D
ata
on th
e im
mun
izat
ion
stat
us o
f ch
ildre
n ar
e no
t rou
tinel
yav
aila
ble.
Tw
o st
udie
s ha
ve b
een
cond
ucte
d re
cent
ly in
Haw
aii b
y th
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth w
hich
pro
vide
this
sta
tew
ide
pict
ure.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
50
Stat
e
1987
.19
92
60.8
-'A
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1987
-199
2'
^1
-
Rec
ent
,,Tre
nd
'
It is
bel
ieve
d th
atC
hild
ren
At-
Ris
k
ppro
xim
atel
y 25
% o
f D
urin
g th
e la
st d
ecad
e fe
dera
l and
11 c
hild
ren
face
one
or
stat
e la
ws
have
rec
ogni
zed
that
ther
e is
a n
eed
to a
ssis
t not
onl
ym
ore
deve
lopm
enta
lfa
mili
es o
f yo
ung
child
ren
with
risk
fac
tors
obv
ious
han
dica
ps, b
ut a
lso
fam
i-
lies
of in
fant
s an
d to
ddle
rs w
ho m
ight
be
atri
sk o
f
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ay if
they
do
not r
ecei
ve e
arly
inte
rven
tion
serv
ices
. Chi
ldre
n, a
ge b
irth
to th
ree,
are
elig
ible
for
thes
e se
r-
vice
s w
hen
they
are
iden
tifie
d as
bei
ng a
ffec
ted
byth
e fo
llow
ing:
a de
velo
pmen
tal d
elay
(cog
nitio
n, s
peec
h, la
ngua
ge,
heal
th, m
otor
, vis
ion,
hea
ring
, etc
.);
biol
ogic
al r
isk
(a m
enta
l or
phys
ical
con
ditio
nth
at h
as a
high
pro
babi
lity
of r
esul
ting
in a
dev
elop
men
tal
dela
y);
and/
or
envi
ronm
enta
l ris
k (l
ivin
g in
soc
io-e
cono
mic
con
ditio
nsth
at
are
know
n to
hav
e a
nega
tive
affe
ct o
n de
velo
pmen
t).
Man
y of
thes
e co
nditi
ons
only
bec
ome
reco
gniz
ed a
s th
e
child
fai
ls to
atta
in la
ter
deve
lopm
enta
lm
ilest
ones
. Chi
ldre
n
with
dev
elop
men
tal d
isab
ilitie
s or
han
dica
ppin
gco
nditi
ons
usua
lly a
ttend
pub
lic s
choo
ls w
here
1 o
f ev
ery
20ch
ildre
n is
enro
lled
in a
spe
cial
edu
catio
n pr
ogra
m.
It is
est
imat
ed n
atio
nally
that
25%
of
all c
hild
ren
face
one
or m
ore
of th
ese
risk
fact
ors.
Haw
ai`i
has
iden
tifie
d an
d
prov
ided
ser
vice
s fo
r 6%
of
all c
hild
ren
in th
is a
ge g
roup
,
leav
eing
an
estim
ated
19%
uns
erve
d. T
hat i
s th
e re
ason
that
an in
crea
se in
the
prop
ortio
nof
all
child
ren
who
are
iden
tifie
d
and
serv
ed c
an b
e co
nsid
ered
an
impr
ovem
ent.
Not
e: D
ata
are
only
ava
ilabl
e on
sta
tew
ide
basi
s at
the
pres
ent t
ime.
In
futu
re y
ears
dat
a w
ill b
e av
aila
ble
for
each
cou
nty.
52
orD
evel
opm
enta
l F0-
13c1
.ert
ts,
,:.'
-.' .
.',--
----
-...
r .(
1. 4
,
Stat
e
1990
1992
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
93'
1990
-199
3R
ecen
tT
repd
TR
EN
D I
N R
ISK
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
4.1
,
s.
FAC
TO
RS
SER
VE
D:;)
,-11
//1
6.1
6:1
,
1.2.
92
.1)
c=cm
cZ,0
0czp
erc=
:.=cn
ocra
c>o<
=3.
±05
=.=
oc=
a0cn
oct,c
.,
1993
0000
0000
0000
0000
C.=
C.1
000
t=t 0
0 C
D 0
Q C
P C
==
0 C
D C
>4;
=D
000
-IT
hetp
rojo
rtio
n of
chi
ldre
7-.-
,id
entif
ied
and
serv
ed h
as,-
rece
ntly
shi
fted
, with
114
6/Fe
-a
envi
ronm
enta
l ris
(iie
reas
ing \
whi
le th
e ot
her:
xi:I
t:407
es4:-\
,
qr-\
risk
deE
fine
d. k
tiers
cer
ued
itha
vein
crea
sed`
'az
*
cate
gori
es.:
c.,,.
,ocr
aocr
icm
c.pc
mem
p.ac
v.C
:=+
,.C.,+
'
cnco
4c Env
ironm
enta
l Ris
k
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
conc
lude
d th
at th
eP
repa
ring
for
Sch
oo
mos
t con
stan
tQ
ualit
y pr
esch
ool,
child
car
e, a
nd H
ead'
Star
t pro
gram
s ha
ve b
een
foun
d to
hel
pva
riab
le in
all
kind
sch
ildre
n ge
t rea
dy f
or s
choo
l and
sta
y at
of a
cade
mic
and
gra
de le
vel,
to p
reve
nt c
ostly
spe
cial
futu
re a
dult
succ
ess
educ
atio
n an
d sc
hool
dro
pout
s, a
nd to
redu
ce th
e lik
elih
ood
of te
en p
regn
ancy
,is
pre
scho
olcr
imin
al a
ctiv
ity a
nd w
elfa
re d
epen
-
atte
ndan
ce!
denc
y. I
n fa
ct, s
ome
stud
ies
have
con
-
clud
ed th
at th
e m
ost c
onst
ant v
aria
ble
in a
ll ki
nds
of a
cade
mic
and
futu
re a
dult
succ
ess
is p
resc
hool
atte
ndan
ce!
Haw
ai`i
has
a h
igh
perc
enta
ge (
58.1
%)
of c
hild
ren
unde
r
scho
ol a
ge w
ho h
ave
both
par
ents
or
thei
r on
ly p
aren
t in
the
labo
r fo
rce.
Six
ty-t
hree
per
cent
of
wom
en in
the
Haw
aii l
abor
forc
e ha
ve a
t lea
st o
ne c
hild
und
er a
ge 6
. The
refo
re, t
he n
eed
for
pres
choo
l opp
ortu
nitie
s is
cru
cial
.
To
asse
ss th
e av
aila
bilit
y of
pre
scho
ol e
xper
ienc
e fo
r th
ose
mos
t in
need
of
them
, we
have
exa
min
ed th
e pe
rcen
t of
elig
ible
four
-yea
r-ol
ds in
the
stat
e's
thre
e su
bsid
ized
pro
gram
s: H
ead
Star
t, O
pen
Doo
rs, a
nd K
ameh
ameh
a Sc
hool
s' C
ente
r-B
ased
Pres
choo
l. It
is im
poss
ible
to tr
ack
thes
e op
port
uniti
es b
efor
e
1990
as
man
y H
ead
Star
t rec
ords
are
not
ava
ilabl
e an
d th
e
othe
r pr
ogra
ms
bega
n ar
ound
that
tim
e.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AiL
ii
S4
Stat
e
Hon
olul
uH
awai
iK
aual
;M
aui,
.
1990,
41;8
1990
:1993
61.2
'-1993
And
ualR
ateo
iCha
nge,
-199041993
% change
12.7
1
,11,ecent
Trend
Trend
941
1309
"39
.1
470
=33
9,99
.4`'1
13'
11.
321,
.52.
1
'r"
'N
2.5m
1 ca
ses
of
'on
firm
ed c
hild
abus
e an
d
negl
ect w
ere
tiled
in H
awai
i
duri
ng 1
992
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Neg
lect
(B
irth
thro
ugh
Ale
Fiv
e
For
heal
thy
deve
lopm
ent,
child
ren
need
a
safe
and
nur
turi
ng f
amily
env
iron
men
t, ye
t
hom
e is
a d
ange
rous
pla
ce f
or f
ar to
o m
any
of H
awai
Ts
child
ren.
Ove
r 23
00 c
ases
of
conf
irm
ed c
hild
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct w
ere
file
d in
Haw
ai`i
dur
ing
1992
, the
last
yea
r fo
rw
hich
info
rmat
ion
is a
vaila
ble.
For
ty p
erce
nt o
f th
ese
case
s in
volv
ed
child
ren
unde
r th
e ag
e of
six
.
Chi
ld a
buse
or
negl
ect c
an r
esul
t in
phys
ical
har
m,
prof
ound
dev
elop
men
tal a
ndbe
havi
oral
pro
blem
s an
d de
ath.
The
age
of
the
child
mak
es a
dif
fere
nce
in th
e ty
peof
abu
se
mos
t oft
en s
uffe
red.
Inf
ants
(bi
rth
to o
ne y
ear)
and
todd
lers
(1-
2) a
re m
ost l
ikel
y to
be
vict
ims
of m
ajor
inju
ry, w
hile
pres
choo
lers
(3-
5) a
re m
ost l
ikel
y to
suff
er n
egle
ct.
Stud
ies
show
that
the
maj
or f
acto
rs le
adin
g to
chi
ld a
buse
and
negl
ect a
re la
ck o
f kn
owle
dge
abou
t chi
ld d
evel
opm
ent
and
care
, men
tal a
nd e
mot
iona
l pro
blem
s, d
rug
and
alco
hol
abus
e by
par
ents
or
care
take
rs, a
nd a
his
tory
of
viol
ence
in th
e
pare
nt's
fam
ily o
f or
igin
.
All
over
the
US
repo
rts
and
conf
irm
ed c
ases
are
up.
No
one
is s
ure
how
muc
hof
the
incr
ease
is d
ue to
rep
ort c
hang
es
and
how
muc
h is
due
to in
cide
nce.
Bot
h fa
ctor
s ar
ebe
lieve
d to
be o
pera
ting.
Rel
iabl
e m
easu
res
of th
e pr
eval
ence
of c
hild
abus
e ar
e ve
ry d
iffi
cult
to o
btai
n. T
he m
ost c
omm
only
used
mea
sure
is th
e nu
mbe
r of
rep
orts
for
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t.
How
ever
, jus
t as
man
y ca
ses
of c
hild
abus
e ar
e ne
ver
repo
rted
,
som
e ca
ses
rece
ive
mul
tiple
rep
orts
. Man
y re
port
s(a
bout
45%
in H
awai
i) a
re n
ot s
uppo
rted
by
evid
ence
obta
ined
in a
n
inve
stig
ator
y pr
oces
s. T
his
repo
rt p
rese
nts
the
num
ber
of
child
ren
invo
lved
in c
onfi
rmed
cas
es, r
athe
r th
an r
epor
ts.
5g
Ann
tial R
ate
of C
hang
e19
8019
9019
80-1
990
'
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9219
90-1
992
Tre
nd
Stat
e -,
's.
430
886
"7.2
3.
''
957
TR
EN
DS
IN C
HIL
D
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000 50
0
,34
AB
USE
BY
AG
E -5-
,111
1i00
0.19
90 1
1199
Z,
.3.8
5
,-co
=g_
spoc
ecoo
cycy
eoct
oc,c
o=oo
r=_-
ogo,
3-
,
-1
...qr
.' :6
`'"=
°.?3
4.".
,-,3
,-,..
.:,75
:11,
tcyo
e.,4
3=3.
... r
oo o
coo.
..,m
opcx
,c3pe
aC,
l'-
.4-
t -.
4
-
°'=
'9.."
..c.
''..?
. Ett-
4,-.
--",
.:,-+
..6c,
t±te
acto
ccto
ct=
p."z
al-
ocr,
c-,o
c.-9
...t
1',I
t"4,
t'
I
-
-,
,-
ocip
pooc
alL
,,,,
.0.,
,,:1-
.Olt.
,400
ccbc
25,6
1-i.0
0.pt
rIttS
oc,
t.-
-T''''
i,
-,Li
tt
,-c
,1-
klnt
,,f4
17.0
lt,I.
L-"
I
II4
1
c1
hat
e .o
f ab
as W
en
stea
dil i
ncre
asin
or. c
(ref
sti
at th
ese
youn
g
Tte
gth
gh
-199
0 w
as c
i we
year
in f
atf
fs a
nd)\
\``
byea
r,ol
ds.
Infa
ots
ini e
rA
year
.,9fli
fe
are
twic
e as
like
ly'to
be
abus
ed a
s ch
ildre
n in
any
othe
r si
ngle
yea
r of
age
.Y
d. 0
z-,
f\-
'
BE
ST C
OPT
AV
AIL
AB
LE
\V/
i
Ele
men
tary
Sch
ool Y
ears
With
the
child
's e
ntry
into
sch
ool,
the
conn
ectio
n w
ith th
e w
orld
out
side
the
fam
ily b
egin
s in
ear
nest
. New
idea
s, n
ew e
xper
ienc
es, n
ewco
mpa
nion
s
and
new
rol
e m
odel
s ha
ve in
crea
sing
impa
ct o
n ch
ildre
n. T
he s
kills
and
valu
es
that
will
be
refl
ecte
d la
ter
in a
dole
scen
t beh
avio
r ar
ebe
ing
shap
ed a
nd
rein
forc
ed a
t thi
s ea
rlie
r ag
e. I
t is
an e
xciti
ng a
nd im
port
ant p
erio
d in
ach
ild's
life
abou
t whi
ch li
ttle
data
is k
ept b
eyon
d sc
hool
rec
ords
.
Safe
ty c
ontin
ues
to b
e an
impo
rtan
t iss
ue d
urin
g th
e sc
hool
yea
rs.
The
aspe
ct o
f sa
fety
that
com
es m
ost
easi
ly to
min
d is
phy
sica
l saf
ety.
Lea
rnin
g to
cros
s th
e st
reet
, wea
ring
a s
afet
yhe
lmet
whe
n sk
atin
g or
rid
ing
a bi
cycl
e,
beco
min
g a
prof
icie
nt s
wim
mer
, and
inst
ruct
ion
in th
e
use
of '9
11' a
re a
ll im
port
antl
esso
ns to
be
lear
ned
for
the
child
's p
rote
ctio
n. Y
et, n
atio
nal s
tudi
es h
ave
show
n
that
onl
y ab
out 2
% o
f ou
t nat
ion'
s ch
ildre
n ac
tual
ly0
wea
r a
helm
et w
hen
ridi
ng a
bic
ycle
.The
lead
ing
caus
e
of d
eath
for
chi
ldre
n 6
to 1
1 ye
ars
is m
otor
veh
icle
inju
ries
, usu
ally
rec
eive
d w
hen
the
child
is a
n oc
cupa
nt,
Ir
but o
ccas
iona
lly a
s a
pede
stri
an. T
he D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth's
rep
ort,
"Wha
t's K
illin
g O
ur C
hild
ren"
fou
nd
that
mos
t chi
ld p
edes
tria
n ac
cide
nts
occu
r af
ter
7 p.
m.,
whi
le a
ccid
enta
l dea
ths
that
occ
ur to
chi
ldre
n w
hile
ridi
ng in
a v
ehic
le m
ost o
ften
hap
pen
afte
r 10
p.m
.
You
ng c
hild
ren
are
freq
uent
ly ta
ught
to b
e w
ary
of
stra
nger
s an
d pa
rt o
f th
e co
ncer
n fo
r"la
tchk
ey k
ids"
is a
ref
lect
ion
of th
is
aspe
ct o
f th
eir
safe
ty. T
hese
are
the
child
ren
who
spe
nd s
ome
or a
ll of
the
hour
s at
hom
e al
one
whe
n pa
rent
s ar
e w
orki
ng. N
atio
nally
,8%
of
child
ren
fit
this
mod
el; w
ith th
e pe
rcen
tage
ris
ing
with
age
. Cas
esof
kid
napp
ing
and
child
mol
estin
g by
non
-fam
ily m
embe
rs p
ublic
ized
in th
e m
edia
rein
forc
e fe
ars
of
stra
nger
s. W
arni
ngs
have
bec
ome
com
mon
eve
nof
unk
now
n ad
ults
who
m,
child
ren
may
mee
t on
the
info
rmat
ion
supe
rhig
hway
. Som
e pa
rent
s ar
eal
so
conc
erne
d ab
out t
he f
riet
hips
mad
e at
sch
ool.
Res
earc
h ha
s sh
own
that
Ar r
p
III
0
erb
amon
g th
e ri
skie
st b
ehav
iors
a y
oung
per
son
can
deve
lop
that
may
lead
to
anti-
soci
al b
ehav
ior
is to
run
aro
und
with
the
"wro
ng"
kids
. Thi
s kn
owle
dge
is u
ndou
bted
ly a
mot
ivat
ion
for
pare
nts
who
sen
d th
eir
child
ren
to p
riva
te
scho
ols
whe
re th
ey f
eel m
ore
cont
rol o
ver
the
frie
ndsh
ips
that
.will
be
mad
e.
Ano
ther
issu
e th
at is
impo
rtan
t in
this
life
sta
ge is
cha
ract
erde
velo
pmen
t.
Dur
ing
the
elem
enta
ry s
choo
l yea
rs c
hild
ren
incr
ease
thei
r ab
ility
tO;r
easi
in
and
to u
nder
stan
d th
e di
ffer
ence
bet
wee
n ri
ght a
nd w
rong
:Par
enta
l gui
danc
e
and
invo
lvem
ent i
s ex
trem
ely
impo
rtan
t to
this
pro
cess
,bu
t oth
er in
flue
nces
,
clai
m a
n in
crea
sing
par
t of
the:
chi
ld's
time
and
atte
ntio
n. W
hens
a'cl
ild b
egin
scho
ol, m
any
mor
e ho
urs
each
day
are
spe
nt-a
-Way
,
from
hom
e, a
nd th
e ho
urs
at h
ome
are
take
n`w
ith
hom
eWor
k, te
levi
sion
or
vide
o ga
mes
, and
sle
epin
g:
Tim
e sp
ent o
n ho
mew
ork
and
tele
visi
on w
as*6
1-4
\to
the
Edu
catio
nal T
estin
g Se
rvic
e in
1992
. It f
ound
0
.ss
that
41%
of
Haw
aii f
ourt
h-gr
ader
sw
atch
ed. p
ore
thal
f4 h
ours
of
tele
visi
on e
ach
day,
slig
htly
few
er th
an
the
US'
ave
rage
of 4
4%m
atch
ing
that
man
y ho
urs.
Mat
hem
atic
s ho
mew
orki
alo
ne to
ok:m
ore
than
,4.5
dm
inut
es 'o
f ea
ch d
ay f
or 3
8% o
f H
aika
iTs
grad
ers.
Onl
y 24
% o
f th
eir
natio
nal c
Oun
terp
arts
,
.;sp
ent t
hat m
uch
time
on m
athe
mat
ics
hom
ewor
k.,,,
,
Aft
er-s
choo
l and
wee
kend
, act
iviti
es a
re a
lso
impo
rtan
t,:,
,,_, ,
to c
hara
cter
dev
elop
men
t. C
hild
ren
may
be in
volv
ed in
spo
rtg,
mus
ic a
nd/o
r
danc
e le
sson
s, o
r im
prov
ing
thei
r ac
adem
ic p
rogr
ess
thro
ugh
tuto
ring
.
fine
act
iviti
es w
hich
invo
lve
not3
only
sup
eryi
sion
and
keep
ing
activ
e bo
dies
biiy
,
are
.
5
but a
re w
ays
in w
hich
chi
ldre
n co
nnec
t to,
the
larg
er s
ocie
ty.
Thi
s co
nnec
tion
14_;
;,..
...,
,e.
;._,
,,:,
cruc
ial t
o th
e de
velo
pmen
t .of
mat
ure
and
resi
;iins
ible
teen
s an
d,-,
--.;
.
mat
ure
-
&:E
mot
iona
l dev
elop
men
t and
are
also
Of,
,lier
kr7l
ithi
s ag
e..'
'\Y
'tr
Thr
..,0
d.If
nat
iona
l pr6
rale
nce
rate
s at
iply
-t9H
awai
`i, a
s m
any
as14
.560
04hi
fdre
nvi
-,,:
'41
''k,
,.-,-
.`4
'1..h
,'1
:,
(12%
of
thos
e ag
e 6
thro
ugh
h111
) ar
e at
ris
k fo
r m
enta
l hea
lth p
robl
ems
seve
re
0
enou
gh to
req
uire
pro
fess
iona
l tre
atm
ent.
Nea
rly
3,00
0 of
thes
e ch
ildre
n
expe
rien
ce e
ven
mor
e se
vere
em
otio
nal p
robl
ems.
Gen
eral
ly,
resp
onse
to th
ese
prob
lem
s ha
s be
en f
orth
com
ing
only
whe
n ch
ildre
n di
srup
t cla
ssro
oms,
use
illeg
al s
ubst
ance
s, o
r be
com
e in
volv
ed in
sel
f-de
stru
ctiv
eor
ant
i-so
cial
beh
avio
r.
A le
gal s
uit w
as f
iled
in 1
993
by 2
5 in
divi
dual
and
org
aniz
atio
nal
plai
ntif
fs o
n be
half
of
child
ren
alle
ging
that
Haw
ai`i
had
not d
evel
oped
a
syst
em th
at a
dequ
atel
y se
rved
the
need
s of
its
child
ren
and
yout
h w
ith m
enta
l
and
emot
iona
l dis
orde
rs. T
he la
wsu
it so
ught
to e
stab
lish
a w
ide
rang
e of
men
tal h
ealth
ser
vice
s w
here
by c
hild
ren
coul
d be
hel
ped
in th
e le
ast r
estr
ictiv
e
setti
ng in
thei
r ow
n co
mm
uniti
es. I
t was
cla
imed
that
the
serv
ices
ava
ilabl
e
wer
e pr
imar
ily o
n 0`
ahu,
with
men
tal h
ealth
ass
ista
nce
alm
ost n
on-e
xist
ent o
n
the
othe
r is
land
s. J
udge
Dav
id E
zra
foun
d th
at th
e st
ate
has
"sys
tem
atic
ally
faile
d to
pro
vide
req
uire
d an
d ne
cess
ary
serv
ices
to q
ualif
ied
hand
icap
ped
child
ren
in o
ur p
ublic
sch
ools
" as
req
uire
d by
fed
eral
and
stat
e la
ws.
Aco
nsen
t dec
ree
orde
red
grea
ter
spen
ding
for
and
atte
ntio
n to
chi
ldre
n's
men
tal
heal
th n
eeds
.
And
then
ther
e is
the
prim
ary
busi
ness
of
child
hood
educ
atio
n. S
ome
child
ren
ente
r sc
hool
with
a r
ich
expe
rien
tial b
ackg
roun
d th
at p
rom
pts
them
to e
xplo
re a
nd im
agin
e. O
ther
s aw
aken
in th
e cl
assr
oom
. For
stil
l oth
er
child
ren,
sch
ool i
s a
diff
icul
t situ
atio
n to
be
face
d ev
ery
day.
Ele
men
tary
scho
olin
g is
the
foun
datio
n of
late
r le
arni
ng, u
sual
ly p
rovi
ding
the
basi
s fo
r
futu
re e
duca
tiona
l atta
inm
ent.
Occ
upat
iona
l cho
ices
, whi
ch s
tron
gly
affe
ct
adul
t inc
ome,
pre
stig
e an
d lif
esty
le, a
re o
ften
det
erm
ined
by
educ
atio
n.
Bec
ause
the
educ
atio
nal e
xper
ienc
e is
so
impo
rtan
t to
late
r lif
e st
ages
, par
ents
and
the
com
mun
ity h
ave
grea
t int
eres
t in
educ
atio
nal p
rogr
ess.
62
A r
ecen
t glim
pse
of H
awai
`i's
ele
men
tary
scho
ol-a
ge c
hild
ren
show
s th
at d
urin
gan
y.av
erag
e ye
ar:
over
7,0
00 e
lem
enta
ry s
choo
l chi
ldre
n ar
e ab
sent
on
any
-
scho
ol d
ay;
arou
nd 5
0 ch
ildre
n di
e, w
ith 3
6 of
thes
e de
aths
bei
ng th
e
resu
lt of
acc
iden
ts;
62,0
00 a
re p
oten
tial '
latc
hkey
' kid
s, w
ith b
oth
pare
nts
or
thei
r on
ly p
aren
t in
the
labo
r fo
rce;
17,1
21 p
ublic
sch
ool c
hild
ren
scor
e hi
gh o
n th
e SA
T
read
ing
test
;
over
6,0
00 c
hild
ren
have
spe
cial
edu
catio
nal n
eeds
that
hav
e,
been
iden
tifie
d;
911
kids
are
the
vict
ims
of c
onfi
rmed
abu
se a
nd n
egle
ct.
AO
"f
QN
/ 163
'lie
impo
rtan
t way
to
dew
ily th
reat
s to
the
ealth
of
child
ren
and
yout
h is
to e
xam
ine
caus
es o
f de
ath
The
dea
th o
f a
child
is a
terr
ible
trag
edy
for
a fa
mily
and
for
aco
mm
unity
. Eff
orts
at i
ncre
asin
g
acce
ssib
ility
to h
ealth
car
e an
dpr
omot
ing
the
use
of s
eatb
elts
, car
seat
s, a
nd b
icyc
le h
elm
ets
are
test
imon
y to
the
valu
e of
our
child
ren'
s liv
es. F
ortu
nate
ly, H
awai
`i h
as a
low
chi
ldde
ath
rate
as c
ompa
red
to th
e na
tiona
l rat
e(2
0 vs
. 30
per
100,
000
kids
ages
1 to
14)
.
One
impo
rtan
t way
to id
entif
y th
reat
s to
the
heal
th o
f
child
ren
and
yout
h is
to e
xam
ine
caus
es o
f de
ath.
Cau
ses
of
mor
talit
y va
ry a
ccor
ding
to a
ge g
roup
and
gend
er. A
rec
ent
six-
year
stu
dy p
ublis
hed
by th
e In
jury
Pre
vent
ion
and
Con
trol
Prog
ram
of
theH
awai
l Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
foun
d th
at h
alf
of a
ll de
aths
in c
hild
ren
1-18
res
ulte
d fr
om in
juri
es.
Mor
e
child
ren
age
1 to
4 d
ie f
rom
dro
wni
ng th
an a
nyot
her
inju
ry.
Pede
stri
an in
juri
es a
re th
e m
ost f
requ
ent c
ause
of
inju
ryde
ath
in 5
to 9
yea
r ol
ds, w
hile
mos
t inj
ury
deat
hsof
10
to 1
4 ye
ar
olds
res
ult w
hen
they
are
mot
or v
ehic
le o
ccup
ants
.M
ales
wer
e
two
and
a ha
lf ti
mes
mor
elik
ely
to d
ie f
rom
inju
ries
than
fem
ales
(ra
tes
25.3
and
9.9
per
100
,000
,re
spec
tivel
y). T
he
City
Sc
Cou
nty
of H
onol
ulu
has
the
low
est r
ate
of c
hild
deat
hs, w
ith a
rat
e of
inju
ry d
eath
s ab
out
half
that
of
the
neig
hbor
isla
nds.
Mos
t of
the
incr
ease
d nu
mbe
rof
inju
ry-
rela
ted
deat
hs o
utsi
de 0
`ahu
are
cau
sed
by m
otor
vehi
cle
inci
dent
s, a
lthou
gh th
e ra
te is
hig
her
outs
ide
0`ah
u fo
r al
l
maj
or c
ause
s.
(Not
e: S
ince
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s to
chi
ldre
n an
dyo
uth
is r
elat
ivel
y
smal
l, ra
tes
have
not
bee
n ca
lcul
ated
for
eth
nic
grou
psan
d co
unty
rat
es
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
with
cau
tion.
)
Chi
ld D
eath
s
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9219
90-1
992
Tre
nd
Stat
e33
.124
.3-3
.11
20.0
-6.5
00
0 onol
ulu
n.a.
Haw
aet
n.a.
Kau
a`i
n.a.
Mau
in.
a.
,;,7
7177
,-,'
-,;3
7:A
..,
H20
.415
.8
36.0
30.8
43.7
41.5
28.0
22.1
E H
YW
iher
o d
r113
7).
f7.7
.77
,,,..
...-.
A.
.,
-8.4
30
-5.2
60
-1.7
40
-7.8
20
1980
1985
1990
1993
% o
f al
l chi
ld d
eath
s%
of
popu
latio
n
Cau
casi
an14
Japa
nese
15
Haw
ai`i
an20
Filip
ino
10
Chi
nese
3
Af.
-Am
.1
Kor
ean
1
Paci
fic
Is.
3
109
1021
.730
.2
55
613
.015
.8
1820
1430
.418
.4
811
919
.617
.5
41
12.
23.
8
21
12.
22.
9
44
00.
02.
0
52
510
.93.
5
1990
CH
ILD
DE
AT
HS
Mal
e in
jury
dea
ths
= 2
7M
ale
illne
ss d
eath
s =
10
iitija
ry
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
Fem
ale
illne
ss d
eath
s =
5
eath
s =
12
Hal
f of
all
child
dea
ths
in 1
990
wer
e du
e to
inju
ries
to b
oys.
Gir
ls
acco
unte
d fo
r on
ly
31.5
% o
f al
l chi
ld
deat
hs, w
heth
er f
rom
ior
inju
ry.
65
Chi
ldre
n of
Wor
king
Par
ents
in A
fter
Sch
ool P
rogr
amSu
perv
isio
n of
sch
ool
Haw
ai`i
has
a p
oten
tial f
or n
earl
yag
e ch
ildre
n is
a m
atte
r60
,000
latc
hkey
kid
s. T
hat m
any
5of
thei
r sa
fety
to 1
0 ye
ar o
lds
have
bot
h pa
rent
s
or th
eir
only
par
ent i
n th
e la
bor
forc
e. I
n ad
ditio
n to
this
num
ber,
ther
e ar
e ch
ildre
n w
ithou
t a p
aren
t to
supe
rvis
e th
em
afte
r sc
hool
hou
rs b
ecau
se th
e pa
rent
is in
col
lege
or
trai
ning
.
Thi
s is
sue
has
rece
ived
incr
easi
ng a
ttent
ion
over
the
past
25
year
s as
the
num
ber
of w
omen
in th
e w
ork
forc
e ha
s gr
own.
Am
ong
the
wom
en in
Haw
ai`i
who
hav
e a
youn
gest
chi
ld o
f
scho
ol a
ge (
6 to
18)
, 81.
6% a
re in
the
wor
k fo
rce.
Onl
y fi
ve
othe
r st
ates
hav
e su
ch a
hig
h pe
rcen
tage
, acc
ordi
ng to
the
1994
Kid
s C
ount
Dat
a B
ook.
Supe
rvis
ion
of s
choo
l age
chi
ldre
n of
wor
king
par
ents
is a
mat
ter
of th
eir
safe
ty, a
lthou
gh o
ne w
ould
hop
e th
at th
eir
phys
ical
and
edu
catio
nal d
evel
opm
ent w
ould
als
o be
enha
nced
. Acc
ordi
ng to
a s
tudy
of
child
car
e ar
rang
emen
ts b
y
the
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
e of
Chi
ldre
n an
d Y
outh
in 1
989,
60%
of
the
child
ren
in w
orkf
orce
hou
seho
lds
had
no c
hild
car
e, 2
0%
wer
e w
atch
ed b
y re
lativ
es (
gran
dpar
ents
, aun
ties,
sib
lings
,
etc.
); a
nd le
ss th
an 1
5% w
ere
in a
n af
ter
scho
ol p
rogr
am.
Man
y fa
mili
es in
Haw
ai`i
fol
low
cul
tura
l pra
ctic
es w
hich
str
ess
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
of s
iblin
gs a
nd s
uppo
rt o
f th
e ex
tend
ed f
amily
whi
ch is
a g
reat
hel
p to
wor
king
par
ents
. How
ever
, rel
ativ
es
do h
ave
sudd
en e
mer
genc
ies,
get
sic
k, o
r de
cide
to e
nter
the
labo
r fo
rce
them
selv
es. E
nrol
lmen
t in
a pr
ogra
m h
as a
sta
bilit
y
66
PER
cN
or \
V0
It 1:
F0
Itc
:(:
11
11
.I )
ItN
1 N
AFT
ER
Sci
io01
. PR
oGR
A N
I(a
ges
.5-1
01
that
is s
omet
imes
lack
ing
in le
ss f
orm
al c
hild
car
e ar
rang
e-
men
ts. I
t is
for
this
rea
son
that
enr
ollm
ent i
n a
prog
ram
is th
e
indi
cato
r se
lect
ed b
yHaw
ai`i
Kid
s C
ount
.
An
impo
rtan
t res
earc
h no
te: W
hile
chi
ldre
n w
ho a
re le
ft
unsu
perv
ised
aft
er s
choo
l are
mor
e lik
ely
than
oth
ers
to ta
ke
risk
s an
d ge
t bad
gra
des,
thes
e pr
oble
ms
can
ofte
n be
avo
ided
by in
volv
ed p
aren
ts w
ho s
et f
irm
lim
its a
nd a
lway
s kn
ow
whe
re th
eir
child
ren
are.
Tel
epho
ne s
uper
visi
on c
an b
e ve
ry
effe
ctiv
e in
this
reg
ard.
It w
as a
lso
foun
d th
at s
ingl
e pa
rent
s,
part
icul
arly
sin
gle
mot
hers
, do
as w
ell a
s tw
o pa
rent
fam
ilies
in d
igita
l mon
itori
ng.
BE
STC
OPY
MA
W.
t.
Mea
surin
g A
cade
mic
Pro
gres
s
Haw
ai`i
Kid
s C
ount
is c
omm
itted
toac
coun
tabi
lity.
Its
ver
y pu
rpos
e is
to
dist
ill p
ertin
ent i
nfor
mat
ion
abou
t chi
ldre
nan
d yo
ung
peop
le s
o th
at s
ucce
ss
can
be k
now
n an
d bu
ild u
pon
and
area
s fo
r im
prov
emen
t can
be
iden
tifie
d
and
atte
nded
to. I
n ot
her
wor
ds, i
nfor
mat
ion
shou
ld b
e us
eful
, con
trib
utin
g to
the
bette
rmen
t of
child
ren'
s liv
es a
ndth
roug
h th
em to
the
bette
rmen
t of
soci
ety
as a
who
le. K
now
ledg
e is
pow
erfu
l.
A k
ey q
uest
ion
of e
duca
tors
is a
bout
the
usef
ulne
ss o
f st
anda
rdiz
ed te
sts.
Bes
t kno
wn
and
mos
t com
mon
ly c
ited
isth
e St
anfo
rd A
chie
vem
ent T
est (
SAT
).
The
SA
T is
sta
tistic
ally
sou
nd a
ndse
emin
gly
easy
to u
nder
stan
d, li
ke a
sco
re-
card
. Stu
dent
s w
ho ta
ke th
is te
st a
rera
nked
, low
est t
o hi
ghes
t on
a sc
ale
of
one
to n
inet
y-ni
ne.
Tw
enty
-thr
ee p
erce
nt w
ill f
all i
nto
the
low
est g
roup
,
twen
ty-t
hree
per
cent
into
the
high
est g
roup
,th
e re
st in
-bet
wee
n. E
ach
year
resu
lts o
f th
ese
test
s ar
e pu
blis
hed,
sch
ool b
ysc
hool
, and
qui
ck c
oncl
usio
ns a
re
draw
n ab
out t
he r
elat
ive
mer
its o
f th
esc
hool
s an
d of
the
Stat
e of
Haw
ai`i
in
rela
tion
to th
e na
tion.
Thi
s m
akes
peo
ple
com
fort
able
; at l
east
we
seem
to
know
whe
re w
e st
and.
The
re is
muc
h th
at s
uch
test
ing
does
n't t
ell u
s, h
owev
er: e
.g.,
wha
t
stud
ents
kno
w a
nd w
hat t
hey
don'
tkn
ow; h
ow m
uch
stud
ents
hav
e le
arne
d
over
a g
iven
per
iod
of ti
me;
the
exte
nt to
whi
ch s
uch
test
s m
aybe
cul
tura
lly
bias
ed; h
ow g
radu
ates
of
Haw
aiT
sed
ucat
iona
l sys
tem
far
e; w
hat a
ccou
nts
for
high
ach
ieve
men
t; an
d so
for
th. Y
et p
ress
ure
is a
pplie
d to
act
on
the
info
rmat
ion
prov
ided
. Eve
n th
e su
peri
nten
dent
'sjo
b is
dep
ende
nt u
pon
rais
ing
the
scor
es, i
mpr
ovin
g th
e re
lativ
era
nkin
g of
Haw
aiT
s pu
blic
-sch
ool s
tude
nts.
Bui
ld in
to s
uch
dem
ands
are
fun
dam
enta
las
sum
ptio
ns: i
.e.,
that
wha
t is
bein
g te
sted
is w
hat s
tude
nts
are
to le
arn;
that
suc
h te
sts
are
valid
indi
cato
rs o
f
the
qual
ity o
f th
e sc
hool
s; th
at th
e"s
core
card
" its
elf
is a
n ap
prop
riat
e
indi
cato
r of
qua
lity
and
is s
ubje
ct to
swin
gs e
ither
up
or d
own
in d
irec
t
rela
tion
to th
e in
stru
ctio
n be
ing
prov
ided
.
68
Her
ein
lies
the
diff
icul
ty o
f su
ch a
nap
proa
ch. R
eadi
ng a
nd w
ritin
g an
d
reas
onin
g an
d co
mpu
ting
do n
eed
tobe
taug
ht, a
nd th
e sc
hool
sys
tem
does
need
to b
e he
ld a
ccou
ntab
le f
or d
oing
this
. Use
ful t
ests
hel
p us
kno
w h
ow w
ell
this
is b
eing
don
e al
ong
with
pro
vidi
ngin
form
atio
n ab
out w
hat i
s kn
own
and
wha
t is
not k
now
n in
rel
atio
n to
benc
hmar
ks, t
o st
anda
rds.
With
suc
h
know
ledg
e, te
ache
rs a
nd o
ther
s in
the
educ
atio
nale
stab
lishm
ent c
an d
eter
min
e
wha
t ste
ps to
take
to g
et b
ette
r re
sults
.Su
cces
s is
then
see
n as
mas
tery
of
a
leve
l of
lear
ning
, not
sim
ply
as a
ran
king
of in
divi
dual
s in
rel
atio
n to
a
pred
eter
min
ed c
urve
.
Haw
ai`i
as
a st
ate,
and
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt a
s an
eff
ort t
o m
ake
thin
gs
bette
r, a
re c
augh
t in
a di
lem
ma
in th
is m
atte
r.O
n th
e on
e ha
nd, e
very
one
wan
ts to
kno
w th
e re
lativ
ehe
alth
of
the
educ
atio
nal s
yste
m; o
n th
eot
her,
ther
e is
con
cern
that
hig
hlig
htin
g SA
T s
core
s m
ayle
ad to
neg
ativ
e ef
fect
s, a
s
conc
lusi
ons
are
draw
n w
hich
are
unw
arra
nted
and
mis
lead
ing
and
educ
atio
nal,
prac
tices
are
for
ced
into
nar
row
er a
nd n
arro
wer
chan
nels
in a
n ef
fort
s to
get
high
er s
core
s.
The
Nat
iona
l Ass
essm
ent o
f E
duca
tiona
lPr
ogre
ss (
NA
EP)
rep
orts
stu
dent
s
as b
eing
at o
r ab
ove
basi
c le
vel,
prof
icie
nt le
vel o
r ad
vanc
edle
vel i
n m
ath
and
in r
eadi
ng. P
rese
ntly
in H
awai
i it i
sad
min
iste
red
to a
sam
ple
of s
tude
nts
(rat
her
than
take
n by
eve
ry s
tude
nt)
ingr
ade
4 an
d gr
ade
8. S
ince
our
impr
ovem
ent i
s no
t dep
ende
nt u
pon
othe
rs d
oing
wor
se (
or v
ice
vers
a) a
nd
beca
use
resp
ecte
d ed
ucat
ors
feel
it u
tiliz
es a
bette
r te
st d
esig
n, th
e N
AE
P
resu
lts w
ill b
e us
ed b
y H
awai
`i K
ids
Cou
nt a
s th
e in
dica
tor
of e
duca
tiona
l
prog
ress
, alo
ng w
ithat
tend
ance
and
oth
er v
aria
bles
aff
ectin
gst
uden
t
perf
orm
ance
. The
hop
e is
that
oth
er, m
ore
usef
ul in
dica
tors
will
be
deve
lope
d
and
used
so
that
a b
alan
ced
view
ofH
awai
`i's
edu
catio
nal s
yste
m m
aypr
evai
l,
lead
ing
to e
duca
tiona
l pra
ctic
es a
ndre
sults
that
indi
vidu
als
of a
ll pe
rsua
sion
s
can
endo
rse.
69
The
re is
a te
nden
cy to
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
of F
ourt
h G
rade
rsre
cogn
ize
educ
atio
n as
Onc
e a
child
sta
rts
to s
choo
l, hi
s or
child
hood
's r
eal j
ob h
er a
cade
mic
pro
gres
s is
an
impo
r-ta
nt in
dica
tor
of f
utur
e lif
e su
cces
s. O
f co
urse
ther
e ar
e "l
ate
bloo
mer
s", t
hose
who
sta
rt o
ff s
low
ly b
ut a
ccel
erat
e kn
owle
dge
acqu
isiti
on la
ter.
Nev
erth
eles
s, th
ere
is a
tend
ency
to r
ecog
nize
educ
atio
n as
chi
ldho
od's
rea
l job
, so
som
e re
liabl
e m
easu
re o
f
prog
ress
in th
is a
rea
is a
n im
port
ant i
ndic
ator
of
deve
lopm
ent.
(For
the
cons
ider
atio
ns in
sel
ectin
g th
is in
dica
tor,
see
p. 3
2.)
Mat
h, r
athe
r th
an r
eadi
ng, s
core
s w
ill b
e ex
amin
ed a
s th
ey
are
perh
aps
less
aff
ecte
d by
Eng
lish
lang
uage
pro
fici
ency
. With
14.9
% o
f sc
hool
-age
chi
ldre
n (5
-18
year
s) r
epor
ted
to n
ot s
peak
Eng
lish
at h
ome,
this
see
med
a m
ore
fair
and
incl
usiv
e m
easu
re.
The
Nat
iona
l Ass
essm
ent o
f E
duca
tiona
l Pro
gres
s (N
AE
P)
is r
athe
r ne
w to
Haw
ai`i
, with
the
firs
t tes
ting
of f
ourt
h-gr
ader
s ta
king
pla
ce in
199
2. I
t tes
ts a
sam
ple
of s
tude
nts,
rath
er th
an a
ll, a
nd d
oes
not r
ely
heav
ily o
n th
e m
ultip
le-
choi
ce q
uest
ion
form
at th
at is
so
obje
ctio
nabl
e to
man
y cr
itics
of
the
Stan
ford
Ach
ieve
men
t Tes
t (SA
T).
Fou
rth-
grad
e st
uden
ts
scor
ing
at th
e "b
asic
leve
l" o
r ab
ove
will
sho
w e
vide
nce
of
unde
rsta
ndin
g m
athe
mat
ical
con
cept
s an
d pr
oced
ures
in f
ive
cont
ent a
reas
: num
bers
and
ope
ratio
ns; m
easu
rem
ent;
geom
etry
;
data
ana
lysi
s, s
tatis
tics
and
prob
abili
ty; a
nd in
form
al a
lgeb
ra
and
func
tions
. The
y sh
ould
be
able
to e
stim
ate
and
use
basi
c
fact
s of
per
form
sim
ple
com
puta
tions
with
who
le n
umbe
rs,
show
som
e un
ders
tand
ing
of f
ract
ions
and
dec
imal
s, a
nd s
olve
sim
ple
real
-wor
ld p
robl
ems.
The
y sh
ould
be
able
to u
se f
our-
func
tion
calc
ulat
ors,
rul
ers
and
geom
etri
c sh
apes
. Oth
er le
vels
of
perf
orm
ance
incl
ude
"bel
ow b
asic
': "p
rofi
cien
t'; a
nd "
adva
nced
".
As
ther
e is
no
tren
d to
obs
erve
, nat
iona
l com
paris
ons
will
be
utili
zed:
70
1992
Nat
iona
l Ave
rage
Stat
e54
59
Adv
anta
ged
Urb
an70
82D
isad
vant
aged
Urb
an,
3227
Ext
rem
e R
ural
4760
Oth
er54
61 71W
hite
61B
lack
3424
His
pani
c35
35A
sian
5677
N D
E R
N7
,.
Mal
e51
60Fe
mal
e56
58
PA
RE
NT
S' E
DU
CA
TIO
NA
L
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
LEV
EL
ST
UD
EN
T T
ES
T S
CO
RE
CO
RR
ELA
TIO
N
III H
AW
AII
eiu.
s.A
VE
RA
GE
Col
lege
Gra
duat
eS
ome
Pos
tH
igh
Sch
ool
Hig
h S
choo
lG
radu
ate
BE
ST C
OPY
AM
AM
I
Not
H.S
.G
radu
ate
Don
't K
now
The
influ
ence
of a
par
ent's
educ
atio
n w
as m
ore
cons
tant
and
dire
ct in
CA
Ph/
hung
scor
esIM
'the
natio
nal s
ampl
e th
an fo
r
I law
aiT
s fo
urth
trad
ers.
71
Nat
iona
lly it
is b
elie
ved
that
abo
ut 1
2% o
f th
e
boot
pop
ulat
ion
11,4
11 n
eed
Chi
ldre
n w
ith S
peci
al N
eeds
The
re a
re th
ree
or f
our
maj
or
grou
ps o
f st
uden
ts th
atsp
ecia
l edu
catio
n se
rvic
es p
rese
nt s
peci
al c
once
rns
toth
e ed
ucat
iona
l sys
tem
: tho
se w
ith d
evel
opm
enta
lde
lays
or
inte
llect
ual l
imita
tions
, tho
se w
ith e
mot
iona
lpr
oble
ms
whi
ch
inte
rfer
e w
ith le
arni
ng, t
hose
fro
m p
oor
econ
omic
or
nutr
ition
al c
ircu
mst
ance
s, a
nd th
ose
with
limite
d ab
ility
to
com
mun
icat
e in
the
Eng
lish
lang
uage
use
d fo
r in
stru
ctio
n.T
hese
are
ofte
n st
uden
ts w
ho h
ave
expe
rien
ced
earl
y he
alth
pro
blem
s,
pove
rty,
and
hig
h le
vels
of
fam
ily s
tres
s. M
ost a
re in
the
publ
ic
scho
ols.
The
y ar
e at
hig
h ri
sk o
f sc
hool
failu
re if
app
ropr
iate
prog
ram
s an
d su
ppor
ts a
re n
otm
ade
avai
labl
e to
them
.
The
indi
cato
r us
ed b
y H
awai
`i K
ids
Cou
nt to
rep
rese
nt
this
are
a is
the
perc
ent o
f st
uden
ts in
the
spec
ial e
duca
tion
prog
ram
. The
se a
re th
efi
rst g
roup
men
tione
d ab
ove,
thos
e
who
se in
telle
ctua
l dev
elop
men
t lag
s be
hind
thos
e of
thei
r ag
e
coho
rt. N
atio
nally
it is
bel
ieve
d th
at a
bout
12%
of th
e sc
hool
popu
latio
n w
ill n
eed
spec
ial e
duca
tion
serv
ices
.U
ntil
the
time
that
12%
of
our
stud
ents
are
rec
eivi
ngsp
ecia
l ser
vice
s, a
n
incr
ease
will
be
inte
rpre
ted
as a
n im
prov
emen
tin
this
indi
cato
r.
It s
houl
d be
hel
pful
ove
r tim
e to
com
pare
tren
ds o
f ve
ry
youn
g ch
ildre
n re
ceiv
ing
earl
y in
terv
entio
n se
rvic
es to
amel
iora
te d
evel
opm
enta
l del
ays
with
thos
e in
the
spec
ial
educ
atio
n pr
ogra
m. H
opef
ully
, an
incr
ease
inea
rly
inte
rven
tion
will
lead
to a
red
uctio
n of
the
num
ber
of e
lem
enta
ry s
choo
l
child
ren
need
ing
spec
ial e
duca
tion.
Unt
il th
e tim
eth
at th
e tw
o
can
be m
atch
ed a
nd th
eap
prop
riat
enes
s of
sch
ool s
ervi
ces
can
be d
eter
min
ed, t
he p
rese
nt in
dica
tor
will
be u
sed.
72
Whi
le th
e ch
ildre
n in
volv
ed in
the
subs
idiz
edlu
nch
prog
ram
are
rep
orte
d el
sew
here
,th
e ot
her
maj
or c
ateg
ory
of
spec
ial n
eed
is f
or th
ose
with
pot
entia
l lan
guag
ero
adbl
ocks
to
educ
atio
nal s
ucce
ss.
1993
Per
cent
Enr
olle
d in
"L
imite
d E
nglis
hPr
ofic
ienc
y" P
rogr
am
Stat
e5.
2 ra
nge
= 0
.0 to
27.
1
Cou
nty:
0`ah
u5.
8 ra
nge
= 0
.4 to
27.
1
Haw
aii
2.5
rang
e =
0.0
to 8
.8
Kau
a`i
3.9
rang
e =
0.7
to 1
2.6
Mau
i5.
6 ra
nge
= 0
.0 to
18.
2
Ann
ual R
ate
Ann
ual R
ate
1980
1990
of C
hang
e19
93of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Stat
e
0
Hon
olul
uH
awai
iK
aua'
iM
aui
4.5
4.4
-0.1
95.
6
5.7
5.3
6.7
4.8
6.72
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
73
The
re is
a c
lear
rel
atio
n-
ship
bet
wee
n a
scho
ol's
ttend
ance
and
hig
h sc
ores
Oth
er E
duca
tiona
l Mea
sure
s in
Ele
men
tary
Yea
rs
Par
ents
and
com
mun
ity le
ader
s
are
obvi
ousl
y in
tere
sted
in th
e
educ
atio
nal p
rogr
ess
of c
hild
ren.
1993
Per
cent
Com
plet
ing
Yea
r in
Sam
e S
choo
l
Sta
te89
.6 r
ange
= 7
3.5
to 9
9.8
on th
e S
AT
mat
h te
st In
add
ition
to th
e te
st s
core
sC
ount
y:
repo
rted
her
e (4
th g
rade
mat
h, N
atio
nal A
sses
smen
t of
0`ah
u89
.6 r
ange
= 7
3.5
to 9
7.5
Edu
catio
nal P
rogr
ess)
, atte
ndan
ce, d
isci
plin
e, a
nd th
e ne
ed fo
rH
awai
i88
.1 r
ange
= 8
6.3
to 9
9.8
spec
ial s
ervi
ces
are
impo
rtan
t. T
he fo
llow
ing
mea
sure
sK
aua`
i91
.9 r
ange
= 7
7.5
to 9
6.0
desc
ribe
the
expe
rienc
e of
thos
e w
ho a
ttend
pub
lic e
lem
enta
ryM
aui
93.3
ran
ge =
87.
4 to
97.
7
scho
ols
(85%
of t
he to
tal e
lem
enta
ry e
nrol
lmen
t):
1993
Per
cent
Rec
eivi
ng F
ree/
Red
uced
Pric
e Lu
nch
1993
Ave
rage
Dai
ly A
ttend
ance
Sta
te38
.0S
tate
93.7
%C
ount
y:C
ount
y:0`
ahu
36.6
0`ah
u94
.7%
Haw
ai`i
48.8
Haw
aii
89.3
%K
aua`
i35
.7K
aua`
i93
.4%
Mau
i34
.8M
aui
92.7
%
1993
Per
cent
of S
tude
nts
with
Cla
ss B
Dis
cipl
inar
y R
efer
rals
(less
ser
ious
infr
actio
ns)
Sta
te74
5 st
uden
ts r
efer
red
= 0
.7%
Cou
nty:
0`ah
u39
3 st
uden
ts r
efer
red
= 0
.5%
Haw
ai`i
299
stud
ents
ref
erre
d =
4.8
%
Kau
a`i
13 s
tude
nts
refe
rred
= 0
.2%
Mau
i40
stu
dent
s re
ferr
ed =
0.4
%
74B
ES
TC
OP
YM
AK
E75
Gen
der
incr
ease
s
risk
. In
Hal
vah,
girl
s w
ere
mor
e
ely
to b
e ab
used
than
boy
s
Chi
ld A
buse
and
Chi
ldre
n su
ffer
ing
phys
ical
and
sex
ual
abus
e ha
ve b
een
foun
d to
be
at h
ighe
r
risk
for
fai
lure
in s
choo
l, fo
r tr
uanc
y, a
nd
for
juve
nile
del
inqu
ency
than
are
oth
er
child
ren.
Chi
ldre
n w
ho e
xper
ienc
e ne
glec
t or
abus
ele
arn
that
viol
ence
is a
n ac
cept
able
way
of
prob
lem
-sol
ving
and
are
far
mor
e lik
ely
to r
epea
t the
cycl
e an
d be
com
e pe
rpet
rato
rs o
f
viol
ence
them
selv
es. G
irls
who
are
sex
ually
vic
timiz
eddu
ring
child
hood
oft
en a
llow
them
selv
es to
be
vict
imiz
ed a
sad
ults
.
Cas
es o
f ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
are
fou
nd a
mon
gal
l
soci
oeco
nom
ic le
vels
and
in a
ll et
hnic
gro
ups.
Inci
dent
s of
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t mos
t fre
quen
tly o
ccur
in th
e vi
ctim
's o
wn
hom
e, p
erpe
trat
ed b
y so
meo
ne th
ey k
now
. Sev
eral
fact
ors
have
been
iden
tifie
d as
bei
ng r
elat
ed to
chi
ld a
buse
and
negl
ect:
subs
tanc
e ab
use,
men
tal i
llnes
s, d
omes
ticvi
olen
ce, u
nem
-
ploy
men
t and
und
erem
ploy
men
t, an
din
adeq
uate
sup
port
syst
ems
for
pare
nts.
Stud
ies
have
sho
wn
that
sch
ool a
ge
child
ren
(6-1
2) a
re m
ost l
ikel
y to
suf
fer
negl
ect;
scho
ol a
ge
child
ren,
fol
low
ed b
y ad
oles
cent
s, a
re m
ost l
ikel
y to
be v
ictim
s
of in
cest
.
Gen
der
incr
ease
s ri
sk. I
n H
awai
i, gi
rls
wer
e m
ore
likel
y to
be a
buse
d th
an b
oys
(55.
7 vs
. 44.
3% o
f ab
use
case
s) in
199
2.
Nat
iona
l stu
dies
hav
e sh
own
that
gir
ls w
ere
2 to
Stim
es m
ore
likel
y th
an b
oys
to s
uffe
r fr
om in
cest
(84
.3 v
s.15
.5%
) or
thir
d-pa
rty
sexu
al a
buse
(76
.6 v
s. 2
3.4%
). S
exua
lab
use
and
expl
oita
tion
acco
unts
for
nea
rly
13%
of
the
conf
irm
ed c
hild
abus
e an
d ne
glec
t in
Haw
aii.
76
Neg
lect
(A
ges
6 th
roug
h 1-
1)
O F
C I
11
1 .1
) A
BU
SE. A
N D
NE
GI.
F.C
1,A
GE
S 6
1
(per
100
,000
cbi
Llr
en H
I ib
is a
:;e)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
8019
9019
80-1
990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
9219
90-1
992
Tre
nd
Stat
e36
555
94.
6777
716
.41
1980
1990
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1992
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
992
Stat
e35
071
67.
1674
92.
32
E18
.'
Fem
ale
387
754
6.67
863
6.79
Mal
e31
261
56.
7964
62.
47
646
-5.1
9H
onol
ulu
358
725
6.93
Haw
aii
277
449
4.82
1029
41.5
0
Kau
ai53
014
7710
.25
850
-27.
63
Mau
i25
964
49.
1211
2828
.03
364
2.97
Cau
casi
an31
434
3.9
0
Japa
nese
5412
58.
4310
3-9
.61
Haw
aiia
n48
910
347.
4713
3812
.92
Filip
ino
152
294
6.60
248
-8.4
3
Chi
nese
137
45-1
1.16
528.
03
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an43
810
178.
4372
7-1
6.82
Kor
ean
176
852
-15.
7517
0-8
0.38
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
Bas
e po
pula
tion
estim
ate
for
1992
Rec
ent
Tre
nd n.a.
BE
ST C
OPY
AM
AM
I77
of h
ope.
..The
t ful
l of
con
i,enc
EST
CO
PYW
.iA,B
LE
7
78
Ado
lesc
ence
and
You
th
Tee
nage
is te
mpo
rary
to w
hich
man
y ad
ults
wou
ldad
d,"T
hank
goo
dnes
s!"
Ado
lesc
ence
oft
en is
see
n as
mer
ely
an u
nfor
tuna
te"p
hase
," s
omet
hing
like
a
cold
or
flu
from
whi
ch, i
n tim
e, th
e pa
tient
will
rec
over
.M
ost a
dole
scen
ts
emer
ge f
rom
thes
e tu
rbul
ent y
ears
in g
ood
cond
ition
phys
ical
ly, m
enta
lly,
and
emot
iona
llybu
t oth
ers
are
poor
ly p
repa
red
to a
ssum
e ad
ult r
oles
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies.
Ear
ly a
dole
scen
ce c
an b
e w
ondr
ous
year
s, m
arke
d by
sign
ific
ant p
hysi
cal,
cogn
itive
, and
psy
chol
ogic
al g
row
th th
atex
pand
s an
d tr
ansf
orm
s so
cial
rela
tions
hips
with
pee
rs, p
aren
ts, o
ther
adu
lts, a
nd th
eco
mm
unity
. Ear
ly
adol
esce
nce
can
also
be
frig
hten
ing
year
s, a
tim
e of
self
-dou
bt, l
onel
ines
s, f
ear
of f
ailu
re, a
nd a
mbi
vale
nt r
elat
ions
hips
with
pee
rs a
ndad
ults
.
In th
e 19
90s,
the
cond
ition
of
Am
eric
anad
oles
cent
s ha
s re
ache
d al
arm
ing
prop
ortio
ns. B
y ag
e fi
ftee
n, a
bout
a q
uart
er o
f al
l you
ng
adol
esce
nts
in th
e U
S ar
e en
gage
d in
beh
avio
rs th
at a
re
harm
ful o
r da
nger
ous
to th
emse
lves
and
othe
rs,
acco
rdin
g to
a r
epor
t by
the
Car
negi
e C
ounc
il on
Ado
lesc
ent D
evel
opm
ent.
Of
28 m
illio
nad
oles
cent
s
betw
een
the
ages
of
10 a
nd 1
8, a
ppro
xim
atel
y 7
mill
ion
are
at s
erio
us r
isk
of b
eing
harm
ed b
y he
alth
- an
d ev
en
life-
thre
aten
ing
activ
ities
, inc
ludi
ng s
choo
l fai
lure
.
Ano
ther
7 m
illio
n ar
e at
mod
erat
e ri
sk. O
nly
half
of th
e
adol
esce
nts
in th
is a
ge g
roup
, or
abou
t 14
mill
ion,
appe
ar to
be
grow
ing
upba
sica
lly h
ealth
y. E
ven
thes
e
youn
g pe
ople
are
not
imm
une
tori
sk, s
ince
mos
t of
them
, at t
he v
ery
leas
t,
lack
ade
quat
e de
cisi
on-m
akin
g an
d pr
oble
m-s
olvi
ngsk
ills.
Ado
lesc
ents
are
bec
omin
g se
xual
ly a
ctiv
e at
you
nger
age
s.N
atio
nally
, by
age
sixt
een,
17%
of
girl
san
d 29
% o
f bo
ys h
ave
had
sexu
al in
terc
ours
e.In
Haw
aii,
the
patte
rn is
qui
te d
iffe
rent
,ac
cord
ing
to th
e 19
93 Y
outh
Ris
k
Beh
avio
r Su
rvey
con
duct
ed b
y th
e D
epar
tmen
tof
Edu
catio
n. I
t fou
nd th
at
33%
of
girl
s an
d 26
% o
f bo
ys th
is a
ge r
epor
tha
ving
had
sex
ual i
nter
cour
se.
A0
I
0I
From
197
3 to
198
7, th
e pr
egna
ncy
rate
for
you
ngad
oles
cent
s in
crea
sed
23%
,
whi
le H
awai
`i's
pre
gnan
cy r
ate
incr
ease
d ne
arly
10%
from
198
0 to
199
3. I
n
1989
, 67%
of
all A
mer
ican
teen
bir
ths
occu
rred
outs
ide
mar
riag
e, c
ompa
red
with
30%
in 1
970.
Haw
ai`i
exp
erie
nced
asi
mila
r sh
ift i
n th
e pr
opor
tion
of
pare
ntin
g yo
ung
wom
en w
ho r
emai
n si
ngle
.Se
xual
ly tr
ansm
itted
dis
ease
s
(ST
Ds)
are
at e
pide
mic
pro
port
ions
. Bet
wee
n19
60-1
988
in th
e U
S, g
onor
rhea
incr
ease
d 4
times
am
ong
10-
to 1
4-ye
ar-o
lds,
and
3 ti
mes
am
ong
15-
to 1
9-ye
ar-
olds
. Of
Haw
ai`i
's y
outh
in 1
993,
2.7
% r
epor
t tha
tth
ey h
ave
been
dia
gnos
ed
with
a S
TD
.
Est
imat
es in
dica
te th
at in
the
1950
s, le
ss th
an h
alfo
f al
l ado
lesc
ents
use
d
alco
hol b
efor
e en
teri
ng h
igh
scho
ol. I
n a
1989
sur
vey
of h
igh
scho
ol s
enio
rs,
thos
e w
ho r
epor
ted
that
they
had
initi
ated
use
of
prob
lem
atic
sub
stan
ces
by
the
nint
h gr
ade
had
used
alc
ohol
(65
%),
mar
ijuan
a
0(5
5%),
and
cig
aret
tes
(79%
). I
t mus
t be
note
d th
at
thes
e re
port
s do
not
incl
ude
drop
outs
and
inca
rcer
ated
yout
h. O
f H
awai
`i's
pub
lic h
igh
scho
ol y
outh
age
15
and
unde
r, 7
1% o
f gi
rls
atT
c160
% o
f bo
ys h
ad tr
ied
alco
hol,
66%
of
girl
s an
d 55
% o
f bo
ys tr
ied
smok
ing
ciga
rette
s
and
27%
of
both
gen
ders
had
trie
d m
ariju
ana.
The
maj
or c
ause
of
disa
bilit
y am
ong
adol
esce
nts
betw
een
10-1
8 is
men
tal d
isor
ders
, acc
ordi
ng to
the
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n in
Mat
erna
l and
Chi
ld
Hea
lth in
199
0. R
esea
rch
has
show
n th
atde
pres
sion
affe
cts
betw
een
7 to
33
perc
ent o
f ad
oles
cent
s,de
pend
ing
on it
s de
fini
tion,
asse
ssm
ent,
and
seve
rity
. Sui
cide
rat
esal
mos
t tri
pled
in th
e U
S am
ong
10 to
14
year
old
s be
twee
n 19
68an
d 19
85, a
nd d
oubl
ed a
mon
g 15
to 1
9ye
ar-o
lds.
The
199
3 su
rvey
of
publ
ic h
igh
scho
ol s
tude
nts
in H
awai
i fou
nd th
at 1
8% o
f
girl
s an
d 8%
of
boys
had
act
ually
atte
mpt
edsu
icid
e in
the
prev
ious
yea
r.
The
cha
nges
bro
ught
abo
ut b
y ad
oles
cenc
e cr
eate
pote
ntia
l ris
ks f
or a
ll
youn
g pe
ople
. For
thos
ew
ho g
row
up
in p
over
ty, t
he d
ange
rs a
rein
tens
ifie
d.
I
'0-r
I
8081
The
unc
erta
inty
cha
ract
eris
tic o
f th
eir
age
is f
urth
er th
reat
ened
by
a sh
aky
belie
f in
a f
utur
e th
at h
olds
mea
ning
ful o
ppor
tuni
ties.
Nat
iona
lly, a
bout
27%
live
in p
oor
or n
ear
poor
fam
ilies
. Cer
tain
rac
ial
and
ethn
ic m
inor
ity a
dole
scen
ts a
re f
ar m
ore
likel
y th
an w
hite
ado
lesc
ents
to
be li
ving
in th
ese
fam
ilies
:ha
lf o
f bl
ack,
His
pani
c, A
mer
ican
Ind
ian
and
Ala
ska
Nat
ive,
and
one
-thi
rd o
f A
sian
-Am
eric
an a
dole
scen
ts w
ere
in th
ese
cate
gori
es in
198
9. I
n H
awai
`i, a
bout
20%
of
all a
dole
scen
ts a
re in
poo
r or
near
poo
r ho
useh
olds
, with
Pac
ific
Isl
ande
rs a
nd N
ativ
e H
awai
ians
mos
t
likel
y, J
apan
ese
and
othe
r A
sian
s le
ast l
ikel
y to
be
poor
.
In th
e na
tion,
1 in
4 w
hite
ado
lesc
ents
gro
ws
up in
a o
ne-p
aren
t fam
ily, a
n
expe
rien
ce s
hare
d by
63%
of
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an a
nd 3
0% o
f H
ispa
nic
ado-
lesc
ents
. In
Haw
ai`i
, Jap
anes
e, C
hine
se, a
nd A
fric
an-A
mer
ican
ado
lesc
ents
are
leas
t lik
ely
to b
e ra
ised
by
a si
ngle
par
ent.
Haw
. ai`
ian
yout
hs a
re tw
ice
as li
kely
as th
ese
grou
ps to
be
in a
one
-par
ent f
amily
, with
the
num
ber
of H
awai
ian
and
Cau
casi
an a
dole
scen
ts in
sin
gle-
pare
nt h
ouse
hold
s be
ing
near
ly e
qual
.
The
se s
ocia
l and
eco
nom
ic tr
ansf
orm
atio
ns c
halle
nge
the
abili
ty o
f al
l
cont
empo
rary
ado
lesc
ents
to p
repa
re f
or a
dult
life.
Ado
lesc
ents
eng
age
in r
isky
beha
vior
at e
arlie
r ag
es th
an in
the
past
. At t
he s
ame
time
they
cla
im, a
nd a
re
affo
rded
, gre
ater
inde
pend
ence
fro
m th
eir
fam
ilies
. The
y al
so a
re m
oved
fro
m
smal
l, ne
ighb
orho
od e
lem
enta
ry to
larg
er, m
ore
anon
ymou
s m
iddl
e gr
ade
and
high
sch
ools
. A c
ompe
titiv
e gl
obal
eco
nom
y re
quir
es th
at th
ey b
e w
ell-
educ
ated
and
prep
ared
for
the
wor
ld o
f w
ork.
Yet
man
y be
com
e di
seng
aged
fro
m s
choo
l.
All
adol
esce
nts
are
at a
cro
ssro
ads:
they
fac
e th
e op
port
unity
to m
ove
from
a pe
riod
of
high
ris
k in
to o
ne o
f hi
gh h
ope.
Man
y ad
oles
cent
s w
ill c
hoos
e
path
s to
war
d pr
oduc
tive
and
satis
fyin
g liv
es f
or th
emse
lves
, the
ir f
amili
es a
nd
com
mun
ities
. But
oth
ers
will
flo
unde
r, a
nd s
ome
will
be
lost
alto
geth
er. I
f
adol
esce
nts
are
to c
hoos
e w
isel
y, th
ey n
eed
adul
t und
erst
andi
ng a
nd h
elp.
Pare
nts,
teac
hers
, cou
nsel
ors
and
thos
e in
pos
ition
s of
aut
hori
ty in
the
com
mun
ity d
are
not a
ssum
e th
at li
ttle
can
or s
houl
d be
don
e to
ass
ist t
hem
to
succ
essf
ully
nav
igat
e th
is p
erio
d of
dev
elop
men
t.
82
A r
ecen
t glim
pse
of H
awai
`i's
ado
lesc
ents
and
yout
hs s
how
s th
at d
urin
gan
ave
rage
yea
r:
27 o
lder
teen
s (1
5-19
) di
e fr
om a
ccid
ents
, hom
icid
es
and
suic
ides
;
532
publ
ic s
choo
l sen
iors
dro
p ou
t with
out c
ompl
etin
g
or g
ettin
g a
dipl
oma;
3,38
6 te
enag
e gi
rls
beco
me
preg
nant
, with
198
6 of
them
beco
min
g m
othe
rs;
334
juve
nile
s w
ill b
e ar
rest
ed f
or th
e co
mm
issi
on o
f a
viol
ent c
rim
e;
524
yout
hs a
re v
ictim
s of
con
firm
ed a
buse
and
/or
negl
ect;
35,8
22 te
enag
ers
have
res
iste
d th
e te
mpt
atio
n to
bec
ome
sexu
ally
activ
e, w
hile
29,
309
have
not
;
18,3
67 te
enag
ers
smok
e ci
gare
ttes.
BE
ST
CO
PY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
!ier
agem
-ofi
cien
cy
was
hig
hest
for
Haw
ai'i'
s ei
ghth
-
rade
stu
dent
s w
ho
did
not m
iss
ally
days
of
scho
ol
Aca
dem
ic P
rogr
ess
of E
ight
hG
rade
rs
Hav
ing
exam
ined
the
perf
orm
ance
of
four
th-g
rade
stu
dent
s on
the
Nat
iona
l
Ass
essm
ent o
f E
duca
tiona
l Pro
gres
s
(NA
EP)
, it s
eeed
app
ropr
iate
to c
heck
it
agai
n ha
lf-w
ay to
gra
duat
ion.
Fac
tors
cons
ider
ed in
sel
ectin
g th
is in
dica
tor
are
ampl
ifie
d on
pag
e 32
.M
ath,
rat
her
than
rea
ding
, sco
res
will
be
exam
ined
as
they
are
per
haps
less
affe
cted
by
Eng
lish
lang
uage
pro
fici
ency
. With
14.
9% o
f sc
hool
-age
child
ren
(5-1
8
year
s) r
epor
ted
to n
ot s
peak
Eng
lish
atho
me,
this
see
med
a
mor
e fa
ir a
nd in
clus
ive
mea
sure
.
Eig
hth-
grad
e st
uden
ts p
erfo
rmin
g at
the
'bas
icle
vel'
shou
ld e
xhib
it ev
iden
ce o
f co
ncep
tual
and
proc
edur
al
unde
rsta
ndin
g by
com
plet
ing
prob
lem
s co
rrec
tlyw
ith th
e he
lp
of s
truc
tura
l pro
mpt
s su
ch a
s di
agra
ms,
char
ts a
nd g
raph
s.
The
y sh
ould
sol
ve p
robl
ems
thro
ugh
the
appr
opri
ate
sele
ctio
n
and
use
of s
trat
egie
s an
d te
chno
logi
cal
tool
s, in
clud
ing
calc
ulat
ors,
com
pute
rs a
nd g
eom
etri
c sh
apes
.T
hey
shou
ld b
e
able
to u
se f
unct
iona
l alg
ebra
ic a
ndin
form
al g
eom
etri
c
conc
epts
in p
robl
emso
lvin
g. O
ther
leve
ls o
f pe
rfor
man
ce
incl
ude
"bel
ow b
asic
", "
prof
icie
nt",
and
"adv
ance
d".
Ave
rage
pro
fici
ency
was
hig
hest
for
Haw
aiT
sei
ghth
-gra
de
stud
ents
who
did
not
mis
s an
y da
ys o
fsc
hool
(45
% o
f
stud
ents
) in
the
mon
th p
rece
ding
the
test
and
low
est f
or th
ose
who
mis
sed
thre
e da
ys o
r m
ore
(25%
).T
hose
spe
ndin
g at
leas
t
45 m
inut
es e
ach
day
on m
athe
mat
ics
hom
ewor
k ha
d hi
gher
scor
es th
an th
ose
who
spe
nt 3
0 m
inut
es o
r le
ss, w
ithfe
wer
Haw
ai`i
eig
hth-
grad
ers
mak
ing
this
com
mitm
ent t
han
thei
r
natio
nal c
ount
erpa
rts.
84
A g
reat
er p
erce
ntag
e of
stu
dent
s in
Haw
ai`i
wer
eta
king
eigh
th-g
rade
mat
hem
atic
s (5
5%)
than
wer
e ta
king
a c
ours
ein
pre-
alge
bra
or a
lgeb
ra (
38%
). A
cros
s th
e na
tion,
how
ever
,
abou
t the
sam
e pe
rcen
tage
of
stud
ents
wer
eta
king
mat
hem
atic
s (5
0%)
as w
ere
taki
ng p
re-a
lgeb
ra o
ral
gebr
a
(47%
). S
tude
nts
in H
awai
`i w
ho w
ere
enro
lled
in th
e
mat
hem
atic
s co
urse
s ex
hibi
ted
low
er a
vera
gepr
ofic
ienc
y th
an
did
thos
e w
ho w
ere
in p
re-a
lgeb
ra o
r al
gebr
a.
1990
1992
Nat
iona
lA
vera
ge '9
2A
nnua
l Rat
eof
Cha
nge
Tre
nd
Stat
e45
51(6
1)6.
250
1
Adv
anta
ged
Urb
an.
6547
(79)
-16.
21
Dis
adva
ntag
ed U
rban
3233
(28)
1.54
Ext
rem
e R
ural
***
(65)
Oth
er47
55(6
3)7.
86
Us&
CFg
8
Whi
te58
62(7
3)3.
33
Bla
ck**
**(2
6)
His
pani
c23
34(3
7)19
.54
Asi
an46
53(7
8)7.
08
6.68
Mal
e42
48(6
1)
Fem
ale
4955
(61)
55.1
6
= to
o fe
w f
or a
naly
sis
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AR
I E
85
Man
y m
easu
res
are
impo
rtan
t
in a
sses
ssin
g
prog
ress
of
high
scho
ol s
tude
nts
Oth
er E
duca
tiona
l Mea
sure
s in
Sec
onda
ry S
Tho
ol Y
ears
The
re a
re m
any
mea
sure
s th
at m
ay b
e as
impo
rtan
t as
the
grad
uatio
n ra
te in
ass
essi
ng
the
prog
ress
of
our
high
sch
ool s
tude
nts.
Cer
tain
ly a
ttend
ance
, dis
cipl
inar
y re
ferr
als,
and
the
perc
ent o
f se
nior
s w
ho e
arn
a fu
ll
dipl
oma
shou
ld b
e co
nsid
ered
, am
ong
othe
r fa
ctor
s. T
hefo
llow
ing
mea
sure
s de
scri
be th
e ex
peri
ence
of
thos
e w
ho
atte
nd p
ublic
hig
h sc
hool
s (8
1% o
f th
e to
tal h
igh
scho
ol
enro
llmen
t):
Ave
rage
Dai
ly A
ttend
ance
Perc
ent o
f St
uden
ts S
uspe
nded
for
Cla
ss A
Dis
cipl
inar
y O
ffen
ses
(e.g
., bu
rgla
ry, r
obbe
ry, s
ale
of d
ange
rous
dru
gs)
1990
1993
Per
cent
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Stat
e2.
51.
924
.0be
tter
Cou
nty:
0`ah
u2.
11.
99.
5be
tter
Haw
ai`i
2.2
1.9
13.6
bette
r
Kau
ai4.
61.
176
.1be
tter
Mau
i3.
62.
238
.9be
tter
1990
1993
Per
cent
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
Tre
ndPe
rcen
t Rec
eivi
ng F
ree/
Red
uced
Pri
ce L
unch
Stat
e90
.891
.10.
3%be
tter
Rec
ent
1990
1993
Per
cent
Cha
nge
Tre
nd
Cou
nty:
0`ah
u91
.193
.32.
41%
bette
rSt
ate
16.7
19.9
19.2
wor
se
Haw
ai`i
88.4
89.4
1.1%
bette
rC
ount
y:
Kau
a`i
91.0
91.1
0.1%
bette
rO
ahu
11.5
17.0
47.8
wor
se
Mau
i88
.493
.15.
3%be
tter
Haw
ai`i
36.2
34.6
-4.4
bette
r
Kau
a'i
12.5
11.3
-9.6
bette
r
Mau
i17
.416
.7-1
1.5
bette
r
Perc
ent o
f Se
nior
s E
arni
ng a
Dip
lom
a (c
ours
e re
quir
emen
ts m
et,
plus
pas
sing
Haw
ai`i
Sta
te T
est o
f E
ssen
tial C
ompe
tenc
ies)
1990
1993
Per
cent
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Stat
e92
.190
.6-1
.6w
orse
Cou
nty:
Oah
u91
.590
.4-1
.2w
orse
Haw
ai`i
93.2
91.9
-1.4
wor
se
Kau
a'i
93.8
87.6
-6.6
wor
se
Mau
i93
.491
.8-1
.7w
orse
BE
ST
CO
PY
A_A
BL
E
8687
995
Haw
aii K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Boo
k
Rot
h pu
blic
ant
l pri
vate
sch
ools
gist
erec
l inc
reas
es in
the
perc
ent
No
sing
le e
vent
mar
ks
_.v.
cici
ticiti
itg o
n tim
e in
199
3 th
e re
cogn
ized
ent
ryin
to a
dulth
ood
in o
ur s
ocie
ty m
ore
than
hig
h sc
hool
gra
du-
atio
n. H
igh
scho
ol d
iplo
mas
are
the
min
imum
req
uire
men
t for
man
y jo
bs; a
dvan
ced
educ
atio
n an
d tr
aini
ngof
ten
is im
pos-
sibl
e w
ithou
t one
.
But
not
eve
ryon
e ag
rees
on
how
to c
ompu
te a
hig
h sc
hool
grad
uatio
n ra
te. I
n its
nat
iona
l Dat
a B
ook,
Kid
s C
ount
use
s
the
perc
ent o
f pu
blic
sch
ool s
tude
nts
grad
uatin
g fo
ur y
ears
afte
r th
ey w
ere
nint
h-gr
ader
s. T
his
is p
robl
emat
ic in
Haw
ai`i
beca
use
near
ly 2
0% o
f hi
gh s
choo
l stu
dent
s ar
e en
rolle
d in
priv
ate
scho
ols
and
beca
use
both
in-
and
out-
mig
ratio
n is
gre
at
enou
gh to
cas
t dou
bt o
n th
e fo
ur-y
ear
com
pari
son.
The
grad
uatin
g cl
ass
of 1
990
may
bea
r lit
tle r
esem
blen
ce to
the
fres
hmen
of
1986
in te
rms
of s
ocio
econ
omic
sta
tus,
mob
ility
,
or o
ther
fac
tors
kno
wn
toin
flue
nce
whe
ther
or
not a
stu
dent
drop
s ou
t of
scho
ol.
Som
e w
ould
rep
ort t
he p
erce
ntag
e of
hig
h sc
hool
sen
iors
who
ear
ned
a di
plom
a at
the
end
of th
e ye
ar. S
tude
nts
mus
t
accu
mul
ate
20 h
igh
scho
ol c
redi
ts, p
ass
all r
equi
red
cour
ses,
and
pass
the
Haw
aii S
tate
Tes
t of
Ess
entia
l Com
pete
ncie
s
(HST
EC
) to
gra
duat
e. F
or H
awai
`i, t
his
rate
has
ran
ged
from
90.3
% to
94.
4% d
urin
g th
e pe
riod
198
719
92. A
n ad
ditio
nal
1% to
4%
eac
h ye
ar e
arne
d a
cert
ific
ate
of c
ompl
etio
nw
ithou
t pas
sing
the
HST
EC
. Thi
s co
mpu
tatio
n do
es n
ot s
ay
anyt
hing
abo
ut th
ose
who
dro
p ou
t bef
ore
thei
r se
nior
yea
r.
A 's
tatu
s dr
opou
t rat
e' (
the
perc
enta
ge o
f th
ose
unde
r ag
e
20 w
ho a
re n
ot in
sch
ool A
ND
do
not h
ave
high
sch
ool
dipl
omas
) ca
n be
com
pute
d fr
om th
e 19
90 c
ensu
s da
tath
at
puts
Haw
ai`i
in a
ver
y go
od li
ght.
Onl
y 7.
0% o
f th
e 16
- to
19-
TW
O S
choo
rddi
ndn
88
year
-old
s w
ho h
ave
not y
et g
radu
ated
fro
m h
igh
scho
ol w
ere
not e
nrol
led
in s
choo
l. O
nly
14 s
tate
sha
d ra
tes
unde
r 9%
,
with
the
natio
nal a
vera
ge b
eing
12.
1%. T
he b
reak
dow
n fo
r
the
coun
ties
in th
is s
tate
was
as
follo
ws:
Haw
ai`i
Cou
nty
6.3%
C&
C H
onol
ulu
7.0%
Kau
a`i C
ount
y5.
7%
Mau
i Cou
nty
9.2%
Publ
ic a
nd p
riva
te s
tude
nts
are
incl
uded
in th
e fo
llow
ing
tabl
e:
Stat
e
1980
84.7
1990
79.6
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
-0.6
2
1993
80.8
VV
8--
'7-
tr
Hon
olul
u82
.877
.5n.
a.78
.8
Haw
aii
93.4
85.7
n.a.
86.7
Kau
a`i
95.2
96.3
n.a.
88.7
Mau
i92
.081
.4n.
a.81
.4
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
90-1
993
Tre
nd
0.48
0.52
0.39
-2.7
50.
00sa
me
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L G
RA
DU
AT
ION
100 80 60 50
..198
51
RA
TE
PUB
LIC
VS.
PR
IVA
TE
.199
3
III
Publ
icL
iPriv
ate
Ave
rage
Gra
d. R
ate
BE
ST C
OPY
MA
U L
E,
Priv
.ne
scbo
ols
did
not e
xper
ienc
e th
e
dr.1
p in
gra
duat
es in
109
0 th
at w
as
dram
atic
in p
ublic
sch
ools
that
yea
r.
1-hn
oeve
r., b
oth
publ
ic a
nd p
rivat
e.
scho
ols
regi
ster
ed in
crea
ses
in th
e
perc
ent g
radu
atin
g on
tim
e in
199
3.
89
Idle
teen
s ar
e no
t
c"""
ecle
d to
) an
YY
outh
who
are
not
con
nect
ed to
any
prod
uctiv
e ac
tivity
prod
uctiv
e ac
tivity
, suc
h as
sch
oolin
g or
wor
king
, are
not
mak
ing
a su
cces
sful
tran
sitio
n to
res
pons
ible
adul
t rol
es. T
hese
you
th h
ave
clea
rly n
ot e
stab
lishe
d a
soun
d
base
for
econ
omic
sel
f-su
ffici
ency
and
may
be
at r
isk
of
beco
min
g de
pend
ent o
n w
elfa
re o
r en
gage
d in
ille
gal a
ctiv
ities
.
Gen
eral
ly, i
t is
expe
cted
that
teen
s w
ill b
e in
sch
ool u
ntil
at
leas
t age
18
unle
ss th
ey e
nter
the
wor
king
wor
ld o
f civ
ilian
empl
oym
ent o
r m
ilita
ry s
ervi
ce. Y
outh
ful e
mpl
oym
ent i
s
clea
rly r
elat
ed to
the
gene
ral e
cono
mic
cyc
les
of a
com
mun
ity,
with
teen
une
mpl
oym
ent u
sual
ly a
t a h
ighe
r ra
te th
an a
dult
unem
ploy
men
t. H
owev
er, i
n a
serv
ice
econ
omy
such
as
ours
,
oppo
rtun
ities
for
rela
tivel
y un
trai
ned
youn
g pe
ople
are
num
erou
s.
A s
light
ly d
iffer
ent m
easu
re is
the
perc
enta
ge o
f 16-
to 1
9-
year
-ol
ds w
ho a
re n
ot h
igh
scho
ol g
radu
ates
, but
not
enr
olle
d
in s
choo
l. In
199
0 th
at w
as 7
.0%
for
Haw
ai`i,
12.
1% fo
r th
e
US
. Eth
nic
diffe
renc
es c
an b
e no
ted
for
Haw
aiT
s yo
uth:
Cau
casi
an6.
9
Haw
ai`ia
n9.
9
Japa
nese
3.1
Fili
pino
10.0
Chi
nese
5.0
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an6
4
Kor
ean
4.1
Pac
ific
Isla
nder
11.2
90
Idle
Tee
ns 1980
Sta
te4.
6
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1990
1980
-199
019
9219
90-1
992
Tre
nd
5.0
0.83
5.2
1.96
Hon
olul
u4.
8
Haw
ai`i
6.3
Kau
a`i
5.7
Mau
i6.
4
BE
ST
CO
PY
MA
IN!
91
wer
e
'art
y tw
ice
as li
kely
to h
eJu
veni
1e A
rres
s f
or V
roie
rii C
rim
es
Whi
le a
ny u
nlaw
ful a
ct b
y a
volv
ed in
a v
iole
nt c
rim
ete
enag
er is
of
conc
ern,
this
arre
st in
199
3 as
thos
em
easu
re is
a r
efle
ctio
n on
the
else
whe
re in
the
stat
e m
ost s
erio
us c
rim
es: h
omic
ide;
forc
ible
rap
e; r
obbe
ry; a
nd a
ggra
vate
d as
saul
t. N
atio
nally
the
juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st r
ate
was
457
per
100
,000
teen
s
from
age
s 10
-17
in 1
991,
the
last
yea
r fo
r w
hich
dat
a ar
e
avai
labl
e. W
hile
Haw
ai`i
's r
ate
of 2
48 f
or th
e sa
me
year
was
muc
h be
tter,
14
stat
es h
ad e
ven
low
er r
ates
.
Thi
s st
atis
tic is
not
a c
ount
of
yout
hful
off
ende
rs, b
ut o
f
arre
sts.
Cha
nges
in a
rres
t rat
es m
ayre
flec
t pol
ice
or p
ublic
polic
y sh
ifts
, rat
her
than
beh
avio
ral c
hang
es. A
rec
ent r
epor
t by
the
natio
nal K
ids
Cou
nt f
ound
that
juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
sts
wer
e hi
ghly
cor
rela
ted
with
othe
r in
dice
s of
chi
ld w
elfa
re.
You
ths
on (
Tab
u w
ere
near
ly tw
ice
as li
kely
to b
e in
volv
ed
in a
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st in
199
3 as
thos
eel
sew
here
in th
e
stat
e. K
aua`
i has
exp
erie
nced
ade
clin
ing
rate
, rea
chin
g an
extr
emel
y lo
w le
vel i
n 19
93. H
awai
`ian
and
Pac
ific
Isla
nd
yout
hs, a
nd F
ilipi
no y
outh
s to
a le
sser
ext
ent,
are
grea
tly o
ver-
repr
esen
ted
amon
g th
e ar
rest
s. A
199
2 re
port
by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f th
e A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al r
evea
led
diff
eren
ces
inth
e
type
s of
vio
lent
cri
mes
for
whi
chyo
uths
are
arr
este
d. H
alf
of
the
arre
sts
of C
auca
sian
you
ths
and
two-
thir
ds o
f th
e ar
rest
sof
Filip
ino
yout
hs w
ere
for
assa
ult,
whi
le r
obbe
ryco
nstit
uted
83%
of
all S
amoa
n ju
veni
le v
iole
nt c
rim
es. H
awai
ians
wer
e
arre
sted
for
2/3
of
all r
apes
by
juve
nile
s; h
alf
ofth
eir
arre
sts
wer
e fo
r ro
bber
y.
As
for
gend
er d
iffe
renc
es, m
ales
con
stitu
ted
atle
ast 8
7.5%
of th
ose
arre
sted
for
3 o
f th
e 4
spec
ifie
d cr
imes
.N
earl
y 2/
3 of
the
fem
ale
arre
sts
wer
e fo
r ag
grav
ated
ass
ault,
whi
leha
lf o
f
the
mal
e ar
rest
s w
ere
for
robb
ery.
g7
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9319
90-1
993
Tre
nd
Stat
e21
824
21.
122
3-2
.8
Hon
olul
u23
224
90.
7024
6-0
.36
Haw
ai`i
167
205
2.07
146
-11.
37
Kau
ai18
824
32.
5519
-84.
57
Mau
i16
022
93.
5919
6-5
.19
1993
% o
f yo
uth
popu
latio
n19
8019
8519
90
Cau
casi
an8.
515
.114
.110
.730
.2
Japa
nese
3.3
2.9
3.5
1.5
15.8
Haw
aiia
n46
.731
.532
.230
.118
.4
Filip
ino
7.7
17.2
23.3
21.0
17.5
Chi
nese
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.7
3.8
Afr
ican
-Am
eric
an0.
42.
91.
16.
62.
9
Kor
ean
0.4
0.4
1.1
1.1
2.0
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
12.9
20.6
13.8
14.7
3.5
YO
UT
H V
IOL
EN
T C
RIM
E A
RR
EST
S B
YA
GE
.
500
400
300
200
100 0
:11
110-
1217
13 1
4 15
1'0!
)K
ids
Cou
nt D
ata
Age
diff
eren
ces
in th
e
tren
ds o
f vio
lent
crim
e
arre
sts
show
ther
e is
c(ol
ithut
ing
caus
e
CO
lIc'e
rit.
KST
CO
PY A
VA
ILA
BL
E
93
rei
ghth
:41a
cle,
mor
e th
anM
ost a
dole
scen
ts e
xper
imen
t'a
lt. (
57%
) of
the
stud
ents
with
alc
ohol
and
may
exp
erim
ent
repo
rt th
ey h
ave
alre
ady
with
som
e ty
pe o
f pr
escr
iptio
n or
sell
alch
ohol
at l
east
onc
eill
egal
dru
g. F
or H
awai
Ts
yout
h,
as e
lsew
here
in th
e na
tion,
alc
ohol
is b
y fa
r th
e dr
ug o
f ch
oice
for
stud
ents
in a
ll gr
ades
. Res
earc
h ha
s sh
own
alco
hol i
s a
maj
or c
ontr
ibut
ing
fact
or in
app
roxi
mat
ely
half
of
all
hom
icid
es, s
uici
des
and
mot
or v
ehic
le c
rash
es. T
hese
, in
turn
,
are
the
lead
ing
caus
es o
f de
ath
and
disa
bilit
y am
ong
teen
s.
Phys
ical
fig
hts,
pro
pert
y de
stru
ctio
n, s
choo
l and
wor
kpr
oble
ms,
and
invo
lvem
ent w
ith th
e ju
veni
le ju
stic
e sy
stem
have
all
been
link
ed to
hea
vy a
lcoh
ol u
se.
By
eigh
th g
rade
, mor
e th
an h
alf
(57%
) of
the
stud
ents
repo
rt th
ey h
ave
alre
ady
used
alc
ohol
at l
east
onc
e, a
ccor
ding
to a
199
3 st
udy
by th
e H
awai
i Sta
te D
epar
tmen
t of
Edu
catio
n
and
the
Nor
thw
est R
egio
nal E
duca
tiona
l Lab
orat
ory.
Oth
er
find
ings
incl
ude
the
repo
rt th
at b
eyon
d si
xth
grad
e, m
ore
girl
s
than
boy
s ha
ve u
sed
alco
hol,
but b
y tw
elft
h gr
ade
mor
e bo
ys
than
gir
ls r
epor
t bin
ge d
rink
ing.
Haw
ai`i
an/p
art H
awai
ian
stud
ents
rep
ort t
he h
ighe
st r
ate
of h
eavy
alc
ohol
use
am
ong
all
ethn
ic g
roup
s. I
n a
surv
ey o
f H
awai
i hig
h sc
hool
stu
dent
s,
38.4
% r
epor
ted
alco
hol u
se w
ithin
the
mon
th p
rior
to b
eing
aske
d th
e qu
estio
n. C
ompa
red
to a
nat
iona
l sam
ple,
few
er
seni
ors
in H
awai
`i r
epor
ted
ever
hav
ing
used
alc
ohol
(87
% v
s.
79%
) an
d fe
wer
had
use
d al
coho
l in
the
30 d
ays
befo
re th
e
surv
ey (
51%
vs.
44%
). H
awai
`i s
enio
rs w
ere
also
less
like
ly to
have
trie
d sm
okin
g to
bacc
o or
hav
ing
done
so
rece
ntly
, but
Haw
ai`i
sen
iors
wer
e m
ore
likel
y to
hav
e ex
peri
ence
d re
cent
mar
ijuan
a us
e (U
S=16
%; H
I=23
%).
94
Subs
tanc
e U
se
PER
CE
NT
01:
TE
NT
H G
RA
DE
RS
USI
NG
AL
CO
HO
L.
AT
LE
AST
Six
TI
NI
ES
Ix.\
Y. I
' A I
t
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eR
ecen
t19
8719
9119
9319
87-1
993
Tre
nd
Stat
e27
2829
7.41
AL
CO
HO
L U
SE A
MO
NG
HIG
H S
CH
OO
L S
TU
DE
NT
S-
1993
Perc
ent h
avin
g at
60 50 40 30
leas
t one
dri
nk o
n on
e or
mor
e of
the
past
30
days
EM
ale
ElF
erna
le
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
Ai;.
..
Whi
le a
lcob
ol u
se b
y m
ales
and
fem
ales
is n
early
the
sam
e w
hen
take
nal
l hig
h se
lnm
l stu
dent
s,
a 1(
10k
at e
ach
grad
e 'e
ra s
how
s
that
mor
e fe
mal
es a
re in
volv
ed
Leith
alc
ohol
ear
ly, w
hile
fairl
y
regu
lar
use
by m
ales
is
pred
omin
ant b
y th
e ju
nior
and
seni
or y
ears
, ace
ohlin
g to
the
1993
kla
tvai
'i Y
ung?
Ris
k
Beh
avio
r S
urve
y R
epor
t of t
he
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n.
95
A te
enag
e gi
rl
who
bec
omes
preg
nant
oft
en
titer
s a
cycl
e of
scho
ol f
ailu
re,
pove
rty
and
Tee
nage
Pre
gnan
cy
The
cos
ts o
f te
en p
regn
ancy
are
gre
at f
or th
e
youn
g w
oman
, her
chi
ld if
the
preg
nanc
yis
brou
ght t
o te
rm, a
nd th
e co
mm
unity
.N
atio
nally
, mor
e th
an 3
/4 o
f si
ngle
teen
mot
hers
rec
eive
wel
fare
with
in th
e fi
rst f
ive
year
s af
ter
givi
ng b
irth
. Chi
ldre
nof
teen
s ar
e
delin
quen
cy m
ore
likel
y to
hav
e de
velo
pmen
tal p
robl
ems,
to f
ail i
n sc
hool
, and
tobe
com
e de
linqu
ent.
Res
earc
h ha
s
show
n th
at a
teen
age
girl
who
bec
omes
pre
gnan
t oft
en e
nter
s a
cycl
e of
sch
ool f
ailu
re, p
over
ty a
nd d
elin
quen
cy th
atre
stri
cts
her
oppo
rtun
ities
in li
fe.
The
199
2 H
awai
`i R
epro
duct
ive
Hea
lth S
urve
yby
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
fou
nd th
at 3
9.5%
of
the
youn
g w
omen
(age
15-
17)
have
had
sex
ual i
nter
cour
se. T
he19
93 H
awai
`i
You
th R
isk
Beh
avio
r Su
rvey
by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
fEdu
catio
n
repo
rted
that
46.
7% o
f th
e fe
mal
e st
uden
ts in
grad
es 9
thro
ugh
12 h
ave
had
sexu
al in
terc
ours
e. T
he p
erce
ntag
eof
fem
ales
who
rep
orte
d ha
ving
inte
rcou
rse
was
as
follo
ws
by
grad
e: 9
th g
rade
- 3
4.0%
; 10t
h gr
ade
- 35
.6%
;11
th g
rade
-54.
1%; a
nd 1
2th
grad
e -
69.0
%. O
f th
ese,
6.4
%re
port
ed
that
they
had
bee
n pr
egna
nt, a
s co
mpa
red
to th
e 6.
6%of
15-
17 y
ear
old
wom
en in
the
Rep
rodu
ctiv
eH
ealth
Sur
vey.
In
the
latte
r st
udy
93.4
% r
epor
ted
they
had
nev
er b
een
preg
nant
,
whi
le 9
7.9%
had
nev
er h
ad a
live
bir
th.
In 1
993,
the
3,38
6 te
en p
regn
anci
es in
Haw
ai`i
resu
lted
in
1,98
6 bi
rths
(58
.7%
). T
he p
erce
nt in
eac
h co
unty
was
sim
ilar,
with
the
City
& C
ount
y of
Hon
olul
u ha
ving
the
low
est r
ate
(56.
6%)
and
Haw
aii C
ount
y th
e hi
ghes
t rat
e(6
6.1%
) of
carr
ying
a p
regn
ancy
to te
rm.
96
TE
EN
PR
EG
NA
NC
Y R
AT
E(h
er 1
,000
tr(I
met
t age
15-
1 9)
Stat
e
1980
87.5
1990
92.6
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1.90
1993
92.1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
993
-0.0
6
giC
Y Hon
olul
u79
.575
.1-1
.88
72.0
-0.4
3
Haw
aii
131.
810
4.9
5.84
157.
01.
39
Kau
a`i
91.9
104.
94.
4011
9.6
1.31
Mau
i84
.611
3.3
9.73
122.
70.
79
AC
E -
_ST
EF
PR
1522
.129
.910
.05
25.9
-1.4
3
1642
.047
.74.
2860
.92.
44
1776
.987
.44.
2885
.4-0
.23
1812
8.1
129.
20.
3012
4.2
-0.3
9
1915
8.1
161.
90.
8015
4.4
-0.4
8
Rec
ent
Tre
nd 0
TE
EN
AG
E P
RE
GN
AN
CY
OU
TC
OM
ES
- 19
93
Live
Birt
hsF
etal
Dea
ths
4.0
4r:
t.0.4
1T
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
.97
At y
oung
er a
ges,
non
-
birt
h ou
tcom
es a
re
mor
e nu
men
ms
than
birt
hs. O
ver
time,
onl
y
the
Old
est t
een
wom
en
have
con
sist
ently
bad
sign
ific
antly
mor
e liv
e
birt
hs th
at!
non-
birt
h
Imh:omes.
csca
rch
sug,
i;est
s th
at
vict
ims
of c
hild
tibu
se a
re
at h
ighe
r ri
sk o
f ab
usin
g
thei
r ow
n ch
ildre
n
Abu
se a
nd N
egle
ct (
Age
12
thro
ugh
17)
Vic
tims
of c
hild
abu
se a
ndne
glec
t can
suf
fer
long
-ter
mso
cial
and
psy
chol
ogic
al c
onse
-
quen
ces.
Res
earc
h in
dica
tes
that
vic
tims
of c
hild
abu
se a
re a
t
high
er r
isk
of a
busi
ng th
eir
own
child
ren
whe
n th
ey b
ecom
e
pare
nts.
In
addi
tion,
dis
prop
ortio
nate
num
bers
of
runa
way
and
hom
eles
s yo
uth,
you
th in
res
iden
tial p
lace
men
ts in
the
juve
nile
just
ice
syst
em, a
nd a
dults
inca
rcer
ated
in th
e cr
imin
al
just
ice
syst
em h
ave
hist
orie
s of
bei
ng a
buse
d as
chi
ldre
n.
It is
dif
ficu
lt to
dra
w c
oncl
usio
ns f
rom
exi
stin
g ch
ild a
buse
and
negl
ect d
ata.
A h
igh
rate
of
conf
irm
ed a
buse
in a
part
icul
ar c
ount
y m
ay in
dica
te g
reat
er a
war
enes
s of
the
prob
lem
or
mor
e th
orou
gh in
vest
igat
ions
, rat
her
than
a g
reat
er
inci
denc
e of
abu
se o
r ne
glec
t. L
ikew
ise,
low
rat
es m
ay b
e a
resu
lt of
cut
back
s in
chi
ld p
rote
ctiv
e se
rvic
es o
r le
ss p
ublic
inte
rest
in th
e is
sue,
inst
ead
of th
e la
ck o
f a
prob
lem
.
Info
rmat
ion
abou
t the
pre
vale
nce
of c
hild
abu
se is
dif
ficu
lt
to c
olle
ct a
nd in
terp
ret.
Man
y ad
voca
tes
belie
ve th
at m
ost
case
s go
unr
epor
ted,
and
rep
ortin
g sy
stem
s va
ry o
ver
time
and
acro
ss ju
risd
ictio
ns. A
mul
ti-st
ate
surv
ey f
ound
that
new
cas
es
of c
hild
abu
se m
ost f
requ
ently
invo
lve
negl
ect,
follo
wed
by
phys
ical
and
sex
ual a
buse
. In
mos
t cas
es, p
erpe
trat
ors
are
pare
nts.
Nex
t to
birt
h pa
rent
s, s
iblin
gs a
nd o
ther
rel
ativ
es
wer
e th
e m
ost l
ikel
y pe
rpet
rato
rs.
R A
TE
car
-C
HIL
DA
BU
SE A
N!)
Nf.
cl.E
CT
AG
ES
12-1
7(p
er 1
00,0
00 c
hild
ren
vf th
is a
ge)
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
eA
nnua
l Rat
e of
Cha
nge
Rec
ent
1980
1990
1980
-199
019
9219
90-1
992
Tre
nd
Stat
e31
763
16.
8970
65.
53
TR
EN
DS
IN A
BU
SE B
Y A
GE
1000
800
i II
AG
E 1
2 01
3 14
98B
EST
CO
PYA
VA
ILA
BL
E
16
In .1
980,
15-
and
16-y
ear-
olds
wer
e su
bjec
t to
the
high
est r
ates
of c
hild
abu
se
amon
g ad
oles
cent
s. In
199
0
and
1992
, the
hig
hest
rat
es
wer
e ex
perie
nced
by
13-
and
14-y
ear-
olds
. Not
e th
at b
y
age
17 th
e ra
ces
have
cons
iste
ntly
bee
n re
lativ
ely
loin
, whi
ch is
pro
babl
y
rela
ted
to te
enag
e ru
naw
ays
or o
ther
ear
ly e
man
cipa
tion.
Mal
es a
re th
ree
mes
mor
e lik
ely
to
die
than
fem
ales
have
turn
ed th
eir
a
Tee
n V
iole
nt D
ea h
s (A
ges
15th
roug
h 19
)
The
vio
lent
dea
th o
f a
child
is th
eul
timat
e si
gn th
at s
ocie
ty h
as f
aile
d its
child
ren.
You
ths
who
com
mit
suic
ide
nger
, fru
stra
tion,
or
depr
essi
on o
nth
emse
lves
. Mur
dere
d ch
ildre
n ha
ve b
een
vict
imiz
ed b
y pe
ople
usin
g vi
olen
ce to
res
olve
con
flic
t. O
ften
mur
dere
dch
ildre
n ar
e
inno
cent
s ca
ught
in th
e cr
ossf
ire
of c
onfl
ict b
etw
een
fam
ily
mem
bers
or
neig
hbor
s.
Thi
s in
dica
tor
exam
ines
all
hom
icid
es, s
uici
des
and
acci
dent
s as
pot
entia
lly p
reve
ntab
le c
ause
s of
dea
th.
Mot
or
vehi
cle
inju
ries
are
the
lead
ing
caus
e of
dea
th f
orH
awai
`i's
teen
ager
s. I
n 19
93 th
ere
wer
e 41
deat
hs. T
he 1
hom
icid
e, 8
sui
-
cide
s, a
nd 1
8 ac
cide
nts
(78%
of
whi
ch in
volv
ed m
otor
vehi
cles
)
com
pris
ed tw
o-th
irds
of
the
tota
l dea
ths
in th
is a
ge g
roup
.
Haw
aii C
ount
y te
ens
are
thre
e tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
die
than
thos
e el
sew
here
in th
e st
ate,
whi
le K
auaT
s te
ens
expe
rien
ced
no d
eath
s in
199
3 fr
om th
ese
caus
es. T
henu
mbe
rs
are
too
smal
l to
obta
inre
liabl
e ra
tes
for
ethn
ic g
roup
s,
alth
ough
dea
ths
amon
g H
awai
ian
and
Paci
fic
Isla
nd y
outh
s
are
pers
iste
ntly
hig
her
than
am
ong
othe
r gr
oups
. Mal
es a
re
thre
e tim
es m
ore
likel
y to
die
in th
eir
teen
s th
anfe
mal
es.
EST
CO
PYM
AIL
AB
LE
100
1980
Stat
e53
.2
1990
51.0
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
80-1
990
1993
-0.4
250
.1
Ann
ual R
ate
of C
hang
e19
90-1
993
-0.5
9
Rec
ent
Tre
nd
Hon
olul
u43
.629
.1-1
3.55
Haw
aii
Kau
a`i
Mau
i
77.0
30.3
109.
1
96.6 0.0
29.3
7.53
-43.
82
0 0 0ag
nEE
TIM
r,41
,1Fe
mal
e23
.3
Mal
e72
.5
1993
TE
EN
DE
AT
HS
HO
MIC
IDE
S, S
UIC
IDE
S, A
CC
IDE
NT
ST
he g
rief
of
teen
dea
ths
kit v
ery
disp
ropo
rtio
nate
ly o
nH
awai
`ian
fam
ilies
in 1
993.
Filip
ino
= 1
5%
Paci
fic
Isla
nder
= 7
%C
auca
sian
= 1
9%
Haw
aiia
n =
55%
101
Japa
nese
= 4
%
Wha
t We
Wan
t to
Kno
w, B
ut D
on't.
..T
here
are
man
y co
nditi
ons
rela
ting
to c
hild
ren
and
yout
h th
atw
e fe
el w
e
shou
ld k
now
som
ethi
ng a
bout
, but
for
whi
ch d
ata
are
not c
olle
cted
rou
tinel
y
or w
idel
y. T
he f
ollo
win
g ar
e in
dica
tors
that
Haw
ai`i
Kid
s C
ount
bel
ieve
are
impo
rtan
t and
for
whi
ch w
e w
ould
like
dat
a co
llect
ed. P
erha
ps in
a la
ter
annu
al v
olum
e it
will
be
poss
ible
to a
dd s
ome
of th
ese
mea
sure
s as
dat
aco
llect
ion
is in
itiat
ed a
nd/o
r ex
pand
ed.
Chi
ld S
uppo
rt: T
he o
nly
know
n so
urce
of
info
rmat
ion
abou
t chi
ld s
uppo
rt
orde
rs a
nd c
olle
ctio
n is
the
Chi
ld S
uppo
rt E
nfor
cem
ent U
nit.
The
rec
ords
fro
m
this
sou
rce
is k
now
n to
ser
ious
ly u
nder
-rep
rese
nt th
e re
ceip
t of
child
sup
port
amon
g w
omen
who
are
not
rec
eivi
ng A
FDC
. How
ever
, it i
s an
inco
me
sour
ce
avai
labl
e to
som
e ch
ildre
n w
hich
can
hel
p to
off
set t
he m
ost s
erio
usco
nseq
uenc
e of
bei
ng r
aise
d in
a s
ingl
e-pa
rent
hom
e, th
at o
f re
duce
d fi
nanc
ial
reso
urce
s.
Hom
eles
s or
"D
oubl
ed-U
p" C
hild
ren:
The
re a
re s
urve
y es
timat
es o
f ho
mel
ess
pers
ons.
How
ever
, eve
n le
ss is
kno
wn
abou
t chi
ldre
n, e
spec
ially
thos
e on
the
stre
ets
or li
ving
dou
bled
-up
with
fri
ends
or
rela
tives
.
Hun
ger:
Whi
le d
ata
is a
vaila
ble
rega
rdin
g Fo
od S
tam
p re
cipi
ents
and
fre
e or
redu
ced
pric
e lu
nche
s th
at a
re a
vaila
ble
in th
e pu
blic
sch
ools
, thi
s is
onl
y a
mea
sure
of
thos
e in
nee
d w
ho h
ave
been
abl
e to
acc
ess
assi
stan
ce. L
ittle
is
know
n ab
out t
he a
mou
nt a
nd ty
pes
of n
utri
tion
actu
ally
ava
ilabl
e to
chi
ldre
n.
Dru
g-E
xpos
ed I
nfan
ts/F
etal
Alc
ohol
Syn
drom
e: T
he d
ata
at th
is s
tage
is
inco
mpl
ete
and
perh
aps
inco
nsis
tent
ly r
epor
ted.
Thi
s is
one
are
a w
here
atte
ntio
n is
gro
win
g an
d th
ere
is h
ope
for
incl
usio
n of
dat
a in
a s
ubse
quen
t yea
r.
102
Pare
ntal
Dru
g A
buse
: Litt
le is
kno
wn
abou
t the
inci
denc
e of
dru
g ab
use
and
even
less
abo
ut th
e pa
rent
al s
tatu
s of
sub
stan
ce a
buse
rs. T
his
is a
n im
port
ant
mea
sure
, as
it is
kno
wn
to b
e re
late
d to
chi
ld a
buse
and
cou
ld a
lso
affe
ct th
e
lifes
tyle
opt
ions
kno
wn
to a
dole
scen
ts.
Dom
estic
Vio
lenc
e: W
hile
chi
ld a
buse
is o
ne f
orm
of
dom
estic
vio
lenc
e an
d
conf
irm
ed r
epor
ts o
f ch
ild a
buse
and
neg
lect
is a
n in
dica
tor
used
in th
is r
epor
t,
spou
sal a
buse
is o
nly
know
n w
hen
a ca
se is
rep
orte
d to
the
polic
e. E
ven
then
,
the
pres
ence
of
child
ren
in th
e ho
me
is n
ot a
lway
s re
cord
ed a
nd th
e da
ta is
not
acce
ssib
le in
this
man
ner.
Chi
ldre
n's
Men
tal H
ealth
: The
re is
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e on
the
rium
ber
of
spec
ial n
eeds
chi
ldre
n in
the
publ
ic s
choo
ls w
ith e
mot
iona
l dif
ficu
lties
..
How
ever
, thi
s nu
mbe
r w
ould
cap
ture
onl
y a
subs
et o
f th
e po
pula
tion
need
ing
men
tal h
ealth
ser
vice
s. D
ata
is a
lso
not a
vaila
ble
on th
e po
sitiv
e as
pect
s of
child
ren'
s m
enta
l hea
lth.
Part
icip
atio
n in
Org
aniz
ed L
eisu
re A
ctiv
ities
: Thi
s in
dica
tor
wou
ld b
e
espe
cial
ly h
elpf
ul in
und
erst
andi
ng th
e co
nnec
tions
of
elem
enta
ry a
nd
inte
rmed
iate
sch
ool c
hild
ren
to s
ocie
ty, t
heir
dev
elop
men
t of
skill
s, c
hara
cter
and
inte
rest
s. H
owev
er, t
here
is n
o co
mpr
ehen
sive
dat
a so
urce
and
no
way
of
sum
mat
ivel
y co
llect
ing
com
para
ble
data
with
out d
uplic
atio
n.
Tee
n Fa
ther
hood
: Whi
le m
uch
is k
now
n an
d re
port
ed a
bout
teen
pre
gnan
cy, i
t
is a
lway
s fr
om th
e po
int o
f vi
ew o
f th
e yo
ung
wom
an o
r of
the
child
she
may
bear
. Res
pons
ible
teen
fat
herh
ood
brin
gs m
any
pres
sure
s an
d co
nstr
aint
s on
the
futu
re li
fe c
ours
e, a
s w
ell.
Bir
th r
ecor
dS a
nd s
choo
l pro
gram
s re
veal
ver
y
little
abo
ut th
e di
men
sion
s of
this
issu
e.
3
Tre
nds
InB
asic
ndic
a or
s: H
awai
i and
US
Perc
ent c
hild
ren
in p
over
ty
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
HI
16.8
16.3
15.7
16.3
17.2
16.7
17.4
17.4
US
20.8
20.5
20.0
19.6
19.5
19.8
20.0
Not
e: th
is u
ses
Haw
ai`i
pove
rty
leve
l as
115%
of n
atio
nal
leve
l for
Haw
ai`i
data
, nat
iona
l lev
el fo
r U
S
data
(du
e to
cos
t of l
ivin
g di
ffere
nces
).
Perc
ent o
f al
l bir
ths
that
are
to s
ingl
e te
ens
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
6.2
6.1
6.4
6.5
7.1
7.6
7.8
7.9
US
7.5
7.7
7.9
8.2
8.6
8.7
9.0
Haw
aii i
ncre
ase
427.
4% w
hile
US
incr
ease
of 2
0% m
eans
Haw
ai'i
islo
wer
now
, but
cat
chin
g up
to U
S.
Perc
ent c
hild
ren
in s
ingl
e-pa
rent
fam
ilies
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
HI
18.1
18.8
19.1
19.4
19.9
20.8
20.2
US
22.7
23.1
23.5
23.8
24.1
24.7
25.1
Haw
ai`i
incr
ease
of 1
2.2%
whi
le U
S in
crea
se o
f 10.
6% m
eans
Haw
aii i
s lo
wer
now
, but
incr
easi
ng a
t
fast
er r
ate.
Perc
ent l
ow b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
6.5
6.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
7.1
6.8
6.9
US
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
7.0
7.1
May
be
influ
ence
d by
hig
h pe
rcen
tage
of s
mal
ler
ethn
ical
ly-A
sian
mom
s. T
his
incr
ease
not
lead
ing
to
high
er in
fant
mor
talit
y.
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
(pe
r 1,
000
live
birt
hs)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
8.8
9.3
8.9
.7.2
8.3
6.5
7.4
7.2
US
10.6
10.4
10.1
10.0
9.8
9.2
8.9
A tr
ue b
right
spo
t, bu
t nee
d to
exa
min
e et
hnic
and
coun
ty d
iffer
ence
s. N
ote:
vita
l( nu
mbe
rs w
ill y
ield
fluct
uatio
ns.
CO
PY A
VA
iLA
BL
E10
5
*-17
71. ...
.
1 fl
A
Chi
ld d
eath
rat
e (a
ges
1-14
, per
100
,000
chi
ldre
n)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
26.0
27.9
27.5
22.3
29.5
26.1
22.6
19.9
US
33.8
33.7
33.3
33.2
32.4
30.5
30.7
Ano
ther
bir
ght s
pot,
but n
eed
to e
xam
ine
ethn
ic a
nd c
ount
y di
ffer
ence
s. N
ote:
sm
all n
umbe
rs w
illca
use
fluc
tuat
ions
.
Tee
n vi
olen
t dea
th r
ate
(age
s 15
-19,
per
100
,000
teen
s)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
45.6
38.0
49.4
56.4
45.5
51.0
31.5
50.2
US
62.8
68.5
66.5
69.7
69.3
70.9
71.1
Not
e: s
mal
l num
bers
cau
se g
reat
flu
ctua
tions
. Alth
ough
199
1 ra
te w
as lo
wes
t in
natio
n, 1
993
up f
rom
that
poi
nt.
Juve
nile
vio
lent
cri
me
arre
st r
ate
(per
100
,000
you
ths)
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
189
208
214
223
220
223
248
276
US
305
310
319
347
385
429
457
HaW
ai'i
rate
nea
rly
half
nat
iona
l rat
e an
d in
crea
sing
at a
slig
htly
slo
wer
rat
e of
incr
ease
.
Perg
ent g
radu
atin
g fr
om p
ublic
hig
h sc
hool
'on
time'
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
HI
72.6
70.0
70.8
69.1
68.9
74.3
65.1
79.3
US
71.6
71.5
71.5
71.2
69.6
68.7
68.8
Thi
s ex
amin
es 1
993
grad
uate
s as
per
cent
age
of 1
989
fres
hmen
, pub
lic s
choo
l onl
y A
ddin
g pr
ivat
esc
hool
gra
duat
es in
crea
ses
slig
htly
, to
80.8
for
199
3.
Perc
ent t
eens
not
in s
choo
l, no
t in
labo
r fo
rcel
ages
16-
19)i
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
HI
4.6
4.4
4.5
4.3
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.2
US
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.0.
Thi
s in
dica
tes
olde
r te
ens
not t
akin
g on
exp
ecte
d ro
les
in s
ocie
ty -
aff
ecte
d by
une
mpl
oym
ent l
evel
s, to
o.
107
Met
hodo
logy
and
Sou
rces
All
rate
s an
d pe
rcen
ts o
f ch
ild p
opul
atio
n ar
eba
sed
on p
opul
atio
n nu
mbe
rs
from
the
1980
and
199
0 ce
nsus
and
offi
cial
est
imat
es o
f th
e 19
92 p
opul
atio
n
as p
rovi
ded
by th
eD
epar
tmen
t of
Bus
ines
s, E
cono
mic
Dev
elop
men
t &
Tou
rism
or
from
off
icia
l Bur
eau
ofth
e C
ensu
s pu
blic
atio
ns. C
hild
popu
latio
n
estim
ates
for
199
3 w
ere
mad
e by
Haw
ai`i
Kid
s C
ount
for
the
purp
ose
of
calc
ulat
ing
the
child
dea
th r
ate,
juve
nile
viol
ent c
rim
e ar
rest
rat
es, t
een
viol
ent
deat
h ra
te, a
nd te
enag
e pr
egna
ncy
rate
.
FAM
ILY
CO
MPO
SIT
ION
AN
D I
tESO
UR
CE
S
Perc
ent o
f ch
ildre
n in
pov
erty
: the
per
cent
age
of r
elat
ed c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
live
in f
amili
es w
ith in
com
es b
elow
the
US
pove
rty
thre
shol
d, a
s de
fine
d
by th
e U
.S. O
ffic
e of
Man
agem
ent a
ndB
udge
t (ad
just
ed to
115
% f
or H
awai
`i
due
to h
igh
cost
of
livin
g). S
ourc
e: c
ensu
sda
ta a
nd in
form
atio
n fr
om th
e
Cur
rent
Pop
ulat
ion
Surv
ey, M
arch
Supp
lem
ent.
Perc
ent i
n si
ngle
-par
ent f
amili
es: t
he p
erce
ntag
eof
all
child
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
live
in f
amili
es h
eade
d by
a p
erso
nw
ithou
t a s
pous
e pr
esen
t in
the
hom
e.
Sour
ce: c
ensu
s da
ta a
nd in
form
atio
nfr
om th
e C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n Su
rvey
,
Mar
ch S
uppl
emen
t.
Perc
ent o
f al
l bir
ths
that
are
to s
ingl
e te
ens:
the
perc
enta
ge o
f liv
e bi
rths
whi
ch
occu
r to
unm
arri
ed w
omen
unde
r ag
e 20
. Sou
rce:
Off
ice
ofH
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
t of
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent o
f fa
mili
es s
pend
ing
over
30%
of in
com
e on
she
lter:
the
perc
enta
geof
hous
ehol
ds b
urde
ned
with
she
lter
paym
ents
in e
xces
s of
30%
of
thei
r in
com
e.
Sour
ce: P
rude
ntia
l Loc
atio
ns, I
nc.
Res
earc
h &
Con
sulti
ng D
ivis
ion
and
Haw
aii H
ousi
ng P
olic
y St
udy
byL
ocat
ions
and
SM
S R
esea
rch
& M
arke
ting
Serv
ices
for
Hou
sing
Pol
icy
Con
sort
ium
,199
3.
Perc
ent w
ith h
ealth
insu
ranc
e: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of c
hild
ren
unde
r ag
e 18
who
are
cove
red
by p
riva
te o
r pu
blic
hea
lthin
sura
nce,
incl
udin
g SH
IP a
ndM
edic
aid.
Sour
ce: C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n Su
rvey
, Mar
chSu
pple
men
t.
108
INFA
NC
Y A
ND
EA
RL
Y C
HIL
DH
OO
D(r
ough
ly 0
-5 y
ears
)
Perc
ent h
avin
g ea
rly
pren
atal
car
e:th
e pe
rcen
tage
of
live
birt
hs in
whi
chth
e
mot
her
had
pren
atal
car
e in
the
firs
ttri
mes
ter
of th
e pr
egna
ncy.
Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng, D
epar
tmen
tof
Hea
lth.
Perc
ent l
ow b
irth
-wei
ght b
abie
s: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of li
ve b
irth
s w
eigh
ing
unde
r
2,50
0 gr
ams
(5.5
pou
nds)
. Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng,
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Infa
nt m
orta
lity
rate
: the
num
ber
ofde
aths
occ
urri
ng to
infa
nts
unde
r on
e ye
ar
of a
ge p
er 1
,000
live
bir
ths.
Sou
rce:
Off
ice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itori
ng,
Dep
artm
ent o
f H
ealth
.
Perc
ent f
ully
imm
uniz
ed b
y ag
e 2:
the
perc
enta
ge o
f ch
ildre
n re
ceiv
ing
the
com
plet
e se
ries
of
vacc
ines
pro
tect
ing
them
aga
inst
chi
ldho
od d
isea
ses
(DT
P/D
T, P
olio
, Mea
sles
, Rub
ella
and
Mum
ps)
with
in th
eir
firs
t tw
o ye
ars
of
life.
Sou
rce:
Rep
ort o
n H
awai
Ts
Chi
ldre
nIm
mun
izat
ion,
Dep
artm
ent o
f
Hea
lth, A
pril,
199
1.
Perc
ent i
dent
ifie
d at
dev
elop
men
tal
risk
: the
per
cent
age
of c
hild
ren
birt
h to
age
3 w
ho h
ave
been
iden
tifie
d as
hav
ing
deve
lopm
enta
l del
ays
or b
iolo
gica
l ris
k
fact
ors
and/
or e
nvir
onm
enta
l ris
k fa
ctor
sw
hich
pla
ce th
em a
t ris
k of
hav
ing
dela
ys in
dev
elop
men
t. So
urce
: Zer
o-T
o-T
hree
Haw
ai`i
Pro
ject
.
Perc
ent o
f po
vert
y fo
ur-y
ear-
olds
enro
lled
in s
ubsi
dize
d pr
e-sc
hool
: the
num
ber
of p
over
ty-r
elat
ed f
our-
year
-old
sen
rolle
d in
Hea
d St
art,
Ope
n D
oors
,an
d th
e
Kam
eham
eha
Cen
ter-
Bas
ed P
resc
hool
sdi
vide
d by
the
num
ber
of f
our-
year
-
olds
rec
eivi
ng A
FDC
. Sou
rce:
Hea
dSt
art,
the
Gov
erno
r's O
ffic
e of
Chi
ldre
n
and
You
th, a
nd K
ameh
ameh
a Sc
hool
s;D
epar
tmen
t of.
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
ofch
ildre
n in
volv
ed in
con
firm
ed r
epor
tsof
chi
ld
abus
e an
d/or
neg
lect
per
100
,000
child
ren
age
0-5.
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
BE
ST C
OPY
AV
AIL
AB
LE
109
ELE
ME
NT
AR
Y S
CI-
1001
.. Y
EA
RS
(rou
ghly
age
s 6-
11)
Chi
ld d
eath
rat
e: th
e nu
mbe
r of
dea
ths
from
all
caus
es to
chi
ldre
n be
twee
nag
es 1
and
14
per
100,
000
child
ren
in th
is a
ge r
ange
. Sou
rce:
dea
th d
ata
from
Offi
ce o
f Hea
lth S
tatu
s M
onito
ring,
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth.
Per
cent
of c
hild
ren
with
wor
k fo
rce
pare
nts
who
arc
enr
olle
d in
sup
ervi
sed
prog
ram
: num
ber
of c
hild
ren
enro
lled
in th
e A
+ p
rogr
am d
ivid
ed b
y th
enu
mbe
r of
chi
ldre
n ag
e 6-
11 w
ith b
oth
or o
nly
pare
nt e
mpl
oyed
. Sou
rce:
A+
enro
llmen
t fro
m D
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion;
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
with
bot
h or
only
par
ent e
mpl
oyed
from
cen
sus
data
.
Per
cent
of f
ourt
h gr
ader
s sc
orin
g at
or
abov
e th
e ba
sic
leve
l of m
ath
on th
eN
atio
nal A
sses
smen
t of E
duca
tiona
l Pro
gres
s (N
AE
P).
Thi
s te
st is
giv
en to
asa
mpl
e of
Haw
ai`i
stud
ents
in 1
04 p
ublic
sch
ools
. Sou
rce:
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics
repo
rt.
Per
cent
chi
ldre
n w
ith s
peci
al n
eeds
enr
olle
d in
app
ropr
iate
pro
gram
: the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
in p
ublic
ele
men
tary
sch
ools
enr
olle
d in
spe
cial
edu
catio
ncl
asse
s di
vide
d by
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
in th
ese
publ
ic s
choo
l gra
des.
Sou
rce:
enr
ollm
ent d
ata
from
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of c
hild
ren
invo
lved
in c
onfir
med
rep
orts
of c
hild
abus
e an
d/or
neg
lect
per
100
,000
chi
ldre
n ag
e 6-
11. S
ourc
e: D
epar
tmen
t of
Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
You
m(r
ough
ly 1
2-18
)
Rat
e of
teen
vio
lent
dea
ths:
the
num
ber
of d
eath
s fr
om h
omic
ide,
sui
cide
, and
acci
dent
s to
teen
s be
twee
n ag
es 1
5 an
d 19
, per
100
,000
teen
s in
this
age
grou
p.S
ourc
e: d
eath
dat
a fr
om O
ffice
of H
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itorin
g,D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
.
110
Per
cent
of e
ight
h gr
ader
s sc
orin
g at
or
abov
e th
e ba
sic
leve
l of m
ath
on th
eN
atio
nal A
sses
smen
t of E
duca
tiona
l Pro
gres
s (N
AE
P).
Thi
s te
st is
giv
en to
asa
mpl
e of
Haw
ai`i
stud
ents
in 5
1 pu
blic
sch
ools
. Sou
rce:
Nat
iona
l Cen
ter
for
Edu
catio
n S
tatis
tics
repo
rt.
Per
cent
gra
duat
ing
from
hig
h sc
hool
on
time:
the
num
ber
of h
igh
scho
olgr
adua
tes
in a
ny o
ne y
ear
divi
ded
by th
e ni
nth
grad
e en
rollm
ent f
our
year
sea
rlier
. Inc
lude
s pu
blic
and
priv
ate
scho
ols.
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f Edu
catio
n.
Tee
ns n
ot in
sch
ool,
not i
n la
bor
forc
e: th
e pe
rcen
tage
of t
eena
gers
bet
wee
nag
es 1
6 an
d 19
who
are
not
enr
olle
d in
sch
ool (
full
or p
art-
time)
, not
in th
ela
bor
forc
e, n
ot in
the
Arm
ed F
orce
s, a
nd n
ot a
mar
ried
full-
time
hom
emak
er.
Sou
rce:
Cen
sus
data
for
1980
and
199
0; C
urre
nt P
opul
atio
n S
urve
y fo
r 19
92,
usin
g a
thre
e-ye
ar a
vera
ge (
1991
-93)
.
Rat
e of
chi
ld a
buse
: num
ber
of y
outh
s (a
ge 1
2-17
) in
volv
ed in
con
firm
edre
port
s of
chi
ld a
buse
and
/or
negl
ect p
er 1
00,0
00 y
outh
s in
this
age
gro
up.
Sou
rce:
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hum
an S
ervi
ces.
Sub
stan
ce u
se r
ate:
the
perc
enta
ge o
f ten
th g
rade
rs w
ho r
epor
t the
y re
gula
rlyus
e al
coho
l. S
ourc
e: b
ienn
ial s
tudy
by
the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Hea
lth a
ndD
epar
tmen
t of E
duca
tion.
Tee
n pr
egna
ncy
rate
: the
num
ber
of b
irths
, abo
rtio
ns, a
nd fe
tal d
eath
s to
wom
en u
nder
the
age
of 2
0 pe
r 10
0,00
0 w
omen
of t
his
age.
Sou
rce:
Offi
ce o
fH
ealth
Sta
tus
Mon
itorin
g, D
epar
tmen
t of H
ealth
.
Juve
nile
vio
lent
crim
e ar
rest
rat
e: th
e nu
mbe
r of
arr
ests
of y
outh
s un
der
age
18fo
r vi
olen
t offe
nses
(ho
mic
ide,
forc
ible
rap
e, r
obbe
ry, o
r ag
grav
ated
ass
ault)
per
100,
000
yout
hs b
etw
een
ages
10
and
17. S
ourc
e: C
rime
Pre
vent
ion
Div
isio
n, D
epar
tmen
t of t
he A
ttorn
ey G
ener
al.
BE
ST C
OPY
MIA
OW
111
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