WARMUP

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KINGDOM PROTISTA

• Made up of fungus-like, algae-like, plant-like or animal-like organisms

• Either single celled or multi-celled

• Can be either heterotrophic or autotrophic

• Mainly defined by what they are NOT: not bacteria, fungi, plants or animals

KINGDOM PROTISTA

• Fungus-like Protists: form filaments or stalks with spores (similar to fungi)

• Algae-like Protists: Autotrophs that perform photosynthesis

• Animal-like Protists (Protozoa): Heterotrophsthat consume other living cells or dead organic matter. – Many cause diseases such as amoebic dysentary

caused by Entamoeba histolytica

MODEL PROTIST

• Heterotrophic

• Widespread in freshwater, brackish and marine environments

• Easily cultivated; widely used in labs

KINGDOM FUNGI

• Heterotrophic organisms that recycle dead organic matter

• Grow from threadlike filaments called hyphae

• Cell walls made of chitin (same as insects)

KINGDOM FUNGI

• Some form symbiotic relationships with plants by taking in nutrients from roots

• Fungi reproduce asexually

• Representatives include:

–Mushrooms -Yeast

–Mildew -Truffles

–“Athletes foot” fungus -Bread Mold

KINGDOM PLANTAE

• Developed leaves for photosynthesis, stems for framework, roots for water/nutrient absorption

• Deciduous trees – shed leaves in response to seasonal changes

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

• All animals; multi-celled heterotrophic

• Cells organized into tissues

• Most reproduce sexually

• Cephalization – form a head and brain

• Bilateral Symmetry:Body divided into left

And right that mirror

Each other

KINGDOM ANIMALIA

• Undergo period of development in which three tissue layers (germ layers) form

• 1. Ectoderm (outer layer) – becomes skin and nervous system

• 2. Mesoderm (middle layer) – becomes blood and bone

• 3. Endoderm (inner layer) – becomes digestive system

• Coelom – fluid filled cavity forms to protect organs

KINGDOM ANIMALIAFrom Primitive Animals… …To More Complex Animals

Lives in water Adapted to live on land

Two cell layers: ectoderm and endoderm Three cell layers: ectoderm, mesoderm,endoderm

No cephalization Cephalization, with brain and complex sensory organs

No bilateral or radial symmetry Bilateral symmetry, with well developed anterior end and posterior end

No coelem Coelem forms in the developing embryo

Unspecialized aggregations Cells in specialized groups called tissues, organs and organ systems

Basically immobile Mobile