Domains• The 3 Domains are Archaea, Eubacteria and

Eukaryota (Eukarya)• Each Domain includes 1 or more Kingdoms• Domains are bigger than Kingdoms• Archaea = Archaebacteria• Eubacteria = Eubacteria• Eukaryota = Animals, Plants, Protist, Fungi

Prokaryotes• Prokaryotes are organisms that do not have

a nucleus in their cells• We call these cells prokaryotes• They tend to be smaller and are usually in

unicellular organisms – Example: Bacteria

Eukaryotes• Eukaryotes are organisms that do have a

nucleus in their cells• We call these cells Eukaryotes• They tend to be larger and are usually in

multicellular organisms. – Examples: Plants, Animals, Protists

Unicellular• Organisms made of only one cell are

unicellular• The only cell of a unicellular organism helps

it survive, get energy, reproduces and respond to its surroundings.

• Generally they are prokaryotic• Some protists like amoeba, paramecium, and

euglena• Some fungi like mold and yeast• Archeabacteria• Eubacteria

Multicellular• Organisms made of more than one cell are

multicellular• Multicellular organisms have specialized cells

to do certain jobs. • For example blood cells carry oxygen,

immune cells fight disease• Generally they are eukaryotic• Plants• Animals• Some Fungi like mushrooms and fungus• A few types of Protists like algae

Autotrophs• Organisms that can make their own food are

called autotrophs• They use photosynthesis to make sugar

using the molecule chlorophyll• Examples: Plants, Some Protists (algae,

euglena), Cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria)

Heterotrophs• Organisms that use other organisms as a

food source are called heterotrophs• Some obtain food by eating plants

(herbivores)• Some get their food by eating other animals

(carnivores)• Some eat plants and animals (omnivores)• Examples: Animals, Some Protists (amoeba,

paramecium), most Eubacteria

Plants• Multicellular and Eukaryotic• Use Photosynthesis (autotrophs = make their

own food)• Reproduce by seeds or spores. (sexual or

asexual)• Have rigid cell walls and chloroplasts

Invertebrates• Animals that do not have a backbone are

called invertebrates.• They generally have simple or basic body

systems.• Insects have hard exoskeletons, but do not

have bones.• Examples: Lady bugs, spiders, lobsters,

snails, sharks

Vertebrates• Animals that do have a backbone are called

vertebrates.• The bones in the spine are called vertebrae.• They also have other bones to aid in

movement and to protect organs.• They generally have complex body systems.• Examples: Humans, cats, dogs, birds, deer,

any animals with backbones

Animals• Members of the animal kingdom are

multicellular and eukaryotic• They get energy by eating other organisms.

They are heterotrophs.• They are divided into 2 groups: Vertebrates

and Invertebrates.• Animal cells have a cell membrane, but not a

cell wall• Animals reproduce sexually.• Carnivores eat animals• Herbivores eat plants• Omnivores eat animals and plants

Reproduction• Reproduction is the process of making more

of one organisms own kind. • Reproduction is necessary for the survival of

a species.• There are two forms of reproduction: Asexual

and Sexual.

Asexual• It involves only one parent.• Usually a cell splits to make two identical

copies of itself.• Common in one celled (unicellular)

organisms

Sexual• It involves two parents. One male and one

female.• Offspring get genetic information from both

parents.• Common in multicellular organisms.

Fungi• Can be single celled or multi celled• Fungi reproduce by spores through asexual

reproduction.• Get their energy by feeding on other

organisms, alive or dead! • They do not have chlorophyll, so they can not

make their own food.• Many fungi are decomposers• Examples: Mold, Mushrooms, Yeast

Protists• Can be singled celled or simple collections

acting as a multi-celled organism called colonies

• Are eukaryotic (have a separate nucleus with a membrane)

• Some are autotrophs and some are heterotrophs

• Some reproduce asexually and some reproduce sexually

• Examples: Amoeba, paramecium, algae, euglena

Archaebacteria• Archaebacteria are single celled• They are prokaryotic• They reproduce asexually• They live in extreme environments, like hot

springs, volcanic vents, very salty water, but can be found in other places also

• Some make their own food (autotrophs) and some feed on other organisms (heterotrophs)

Drawing of bacteria mats on sides of an underwater volcanic vent feeding on the methane gas

Near the edges of a geyser pool with bright colors

http:youtu.be/N-EYTtxsL8g//

Examples

Eubacteria• Single celled and prokaryotic• Some need oxygen to live. Some die from

oxygen• They reproduce asexually• Most feed off of other organisms

(heterotrophs)• Live in soil, water and other living things• Cyanobacteria use photosynthesis• Most familiar bacteria are eubacteria

streptococcus(causes strep throat)

E. coli on lettuce(helps digest food, can cause food poisoning)

Lactobacillus bulgarus(1 type of bacteria in yogurt)

Examples of Eubacteria