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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF QUANTUM LEARNING METHOD TO TEACH SPEAKING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE

(An Experimental Study at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo in the

Academic Year of 2013/2014)

COVER

Thesis

By

Hywang Nur Andika Perdana

NIM. S891202024

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT GRADUATE SCHOOL

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2016


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APPROVAL


(An Experimental Study at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)

By:


NIM. S891202024

This thesis has been approved by the consultants of English Education Department of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University

Surakarta, ................................... 2016

Approved by:

Board of Consultant

Signature

Consultant 1 : Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.

NIP. 196212311988031009

................................

.

Consultant 2 : Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.

NIP.195203071980031005

................................

.

Acknowledge by The Head of English Education Department of

Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University,

Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.

NIP. 196212311988031009


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LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINATION


(An Experimental Study at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)

By:


NIM. S891202024

This thesis has been examined by the Board of Thesis Examiners of English Education Department of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University

Surakarta, ............................

Board of Examiners

Signature

Chairman : Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum.

NIP. 197406081999031002

...............................

Secretary : Dr. Slamet Supriyadi, M.Pd. ...............................

NIP. 196211101989031003

Examiners

1. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.

...............................

NIP. 196212311988031009

2. Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd.

...............................

NIP. 195203071980031005

The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty Sebelas Maret University,

The Head of English Education Department of

Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University,

Prof. Dr. Joko Nurkamto, M.Pd.

Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.

NIP. 196101241987021001

NIP. 196212311988031009


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PRONOUNCEMENT

This Is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled “The Effectiveness of Quantum

Learning to Teach Speaking Viewed from Students’ Self-confidence (An Experimental Study

at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo in the Academic Year of 2013/2014)”.

It is not a plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to others’ work is written in

quotation, the source of which is listed on the bibliography.

If then this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to accept any academic

consequences, including the withdrawal or cancelation of my academic degree.

Surakarta, Agustus 2016



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ABSTRACT

HYWANG NUR ANDIKA PERDANA. S891202024. 2016. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF QUANTUM LEARNING METHOD TO TEACH SPEAKING VIEWED FROM STUDENTS’ SELF-CONFIDENCE (An Experimental Study at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo in the Academic Year of 2013/2014). THESIS. The 1st Consultant: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.; The 2nd Consultant: Dr. Abdul Asib, M.Pd. English Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University.

The objective of this study is to reveal whether: (1) Quantum Learning Method is more effective than Direct Instruction Method to teach speaking; (2) The students having high self-confidence have better speaking competence than those having low self-confidence; and (3) There is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ self-confidence in teaching speaking.

This research applied an experimental study. The research was done in SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo. The population was the eighth grade students in the academic year of 2013/2014 totally consisting of 270 students. The sampling was cluster random sampling. The samples were 60 students where 30 students were in the experimental class (VIII.F) and 30 students were in the control class (VIII.C). Students in each class were categorized into two groups: students having high and low self-confidence. The instruments were self-confidence questionnaire and speaking test which were designed by the researcher. Before being applied, those instruments had been tried out to know the readability of the test instruction. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA 2x2 and continued by using TUKEY test.

The result of data analysis shows that: (1) Quantum Learning Method is more effective than Direct Instuction Method to teach speaking; (2) The students having high self-confidence have better speaking competence than those having low self-confidence; and (3) There is no interaction between teaching methods and students’ self-confidence in teaching speaking.

Based on the result of the research, some suggestions can be considered by the teachers, the students, and the next researchers. Those suggestions are related to the clearness of teacher’s instructions, students’ bravery to ask, and the usage of another reflective tool by the researchers. By considering the suggestions, it is hoped that any deviation of the result of the next research can be minimized.

Keywords: Quantum Learning Method, Direct Instruction Method, speaking, self-confidence, experimental study


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ABSTRAK

HYWANG NUR ANDIKA PERDANA. S891202024. 2016. Keefektifitasan Metode Quantum Learning untuk Mengajar Speaking ditinjau dari Percaya Diri Siswa (Studi Eksperimen pada siswa kelas VIII SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo Tahun Akademik 2013/2014). TESIS. Pembimbing 1: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd.; Pembimbing 2: Dr. Abdul Asib, M. Pd. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Sebelas Maret.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap apakah: (1) Metode Quantum Learning lebih efektif daripada Metode Direct Instruction untuk mengajar speaking; (2) Siswa yang memiliki tingkat percaya diri yang tinggi memiliki kemampuan speaking yang lebih baik daripada siswa yang memiliki tingkat percaya diri rendah; dan (3) ada sebuah interaksi antara metode mengajar dan percaya diri siswa dalam pengajaran speaking.

Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan penelitian eksperimen dan telah dilakukan di SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII tahun akademik 2013/2014 yang seluruhnya berjumlah 270 siswa. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 siswa di mana 30 siswa berada dalam kelas eksperimen (VIII. F) dan 30 siswa berada dalam kelas control (VIII. C). Siswa di masing-masing kelas kemudian dikategorikan dalam dua grup: siswa yang memiliki tingkat percaya diri tinggi dan rendah. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi angket percaya diri dan tes berbicara yang telah dirancang oleh peneliti. Sebelum diterapkan, kedua instrumen tersebut telah diujicobakan terlebih dahulu pada kelas lain untuk mengetahui keterbacaan pada instruksi tes. Data hasil yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA 2x2 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji TUKEY.

Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Metode Quantum Learning lebih efektif daripada Metode Direct Instruction untuk mengajar speaking; (2) Siswa yang memiliki tingkat percaya diri tinggi memiliki kemampuan speaking lebih baik daripada yang memiliki tingkat percaya diri rendah; dan (3) Tidak terdapat interaksi antara metode mengajar dan percaya diri siswa dalam pengajaran speaking.

Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, beberapa saran dapat dipertimbangkan oleh para guru, mahasiswa, dan para peneliti selanjutnya. Saran-saran tersebut berhubungan dengan kejelasan instruksi dari guru, keberanian siswa dalam bertanya, dan penggunaan media refleksi lain oleh para peneliti. Dengan mempertimbangkan saran-saran tersebut, diharapkan segala jenis penyimpangan dari hasil penelitian selanjutnya dapat diminimalisir.

Kata kunci: Quantum Learning Method, Direct Instruction Method, speaking, percaya diri, penelitian eksperimental


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MOTTO

Don’t do your work tomorrow if you can do it today.

Hasbunalloh wani’mal wakiil, ni’mal maula wa ni’mannashir

Fa inna ma’al ‘ushri yusran ۞ Inna ma’al “ushri yusran ۞


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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

Me myself: Hywang Nur Andika Perdana

My Parents: Siti Khotimah and Budi Utomo

My siblings: Hanung Praba Anggara (and also his girlfriend: Noor Azizah Dwi Agustin) and

Himawan Nur Aredha Putra

My husband: Eko Nurdiansyah

My son: Muhammad Helmi Yaqdhan Nurdiansyah

My parents in law: Nurul Hidayah and Nirwan Sukadi

My Special angels from the God: Didih Faridah, Kristanti YP, Mr. Hadi Setyo N and Mrs.

Puji Narimawati, Wyda Amrulia

People who love me


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the name of Allah SWT, the Almighty God, the researcher would like to thank for

the mercies and blessings so she can finish this thesis. It is also impossible to finish this thesis

without the help of people that the researcher cannot mention one by one.

First and foremost, the researcher sincerely thanks to Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd., the first

consultant whose patience, attention, kindness, time, criticism, and correction obviously have

helped the researcher to do her best. Thanks also go to Dr. Abdul Asib, M. Pd., the second

consultant who has guided and suggested the researcher for the perfection of this thesis.

The researcher’s gratitude also goes to The Head of English Education Department of

Graduate Program Sebelas Maret University who has allowed the researcher to write this

thesis. Besides, she would like to thank to the Dean of Teacher Training and Education

Faculty Sebelas Maret University who has kindness and consideration regarding her

academic requirement.

Appreciation is also dedicated to the Principles of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo for

their permission to conduct the research. Thanks also go out to Mrs. Puji Narimawati, S.Pd.

who is the inter-rater partner in this research. Last but not least, the researcher would like to

acknowledge the students at the Eighth Grade of SMPN 2 Selomerto, Wonosobo in the

academic year of 2013/2014; without their participation, this thesis would never be finished.

In this research, there are many aspects that are needed to be added. Therefore, any

criticisms and suggestions will be received cordiality by sending email to

[email protected]. In the end, the writer wishes that this thesis is useful for all.

Wonosobo, Juli 2016


mailto:[email protected]


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER .....................................................................................................................i

APPROVAL............................................................................................................ ii LEGITIMATION FROM THE BOARD OF EXAMINATION ........................... iii

PRONOUNCEMENT .............................................................................................iv

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................v

ABSTRAK ..............................................................................................................vi MOTTO................................................................................................................. vii

DEDICATION ..................................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................................ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................x

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................xiv

LIST OF FIGURES...............................................................................................xvi LIST OF APPENDICES ..................................................................................... xvii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................1

A.Background of the Study.................................................................1

B.Identification of the Problem...........................................................5

C.Problem Limitation .........................................................................5

D.Problem Statement ..........................................................................6

E.Objective of the Study .....................................................................6

F.Significance of the Study .................................................................7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ........................................8

A.The Nature of Speaking ..................................................................8

1.The Definition of Speaking .........................................................8

2.The Elements of Speaking Competence....................................10

3.Macroskill and Microskill in Speaking .....................................11

4.The Types of Speaking..............................................................13

5.The Functions of Speaking........................................................14

7.Teaching Speaking ....................................................................16

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8.Speaking Test ............................................................................18

9.Scoring Procedure of Speaking Test .........................................21

B.Quantum Learning Method ...........................................................24

1.The Definition of Quantum Learning Method ..........................25

2.The Principle of Quantum Learning Method ............................26

3.The Design Frame of Quantum Learning Method ....................28

4. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantum Learning Method.....................................................................................30

C.Direct Instruction Method .............................................................31

1.The Definition of Direct Instruction Method ............................31

2.The Procedure of Direct Instruction Method ............................32

3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Direct Instruction Method.....................................................................................34

D.Self-Confidence.............................................................................35

1.The Definition of Self Confidence ............................................35

2.Traits of Confident Students .....................................................36

3.Factors of Self-Confidence........................................................39

4.Self-Confidence Breaker ...........................................................41

5.Self-Confidence Builder............................................................42

6.Construct and Indicators of Self-Confidence ............................44

E.Review of Relevant Studies...........................................................45

F.Rationale ........................................................................................50 G.Hypothesis.....................................................................................54

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................55

A.Research Method...........................................................................55

B.Place and Time of the Research ....................................................56

1.Place of Research ......................................................................56

2.Time of Research ......................................................................56

C.Population, Sample and Sampling ................................................57

1.Population..................................................................................57

2.Sample .......................................................................................57

3.Sampling....................................................................................58

D.Technique of Collecting Data .......................................................59

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1.Validity of the Questionnaire ....................................................62

2.Reliability of Questionnaire ......................................................62

E.Technique of Analyzing Data........................................................63

CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE STUDY ..................................................70

A.Data Description............................................................................70

1.The Speaking Score of the Students Who Were Taught by Using Quantum Learning Method (A1) ..................................71

2.The Speaking Score of the Students Who Were Taught by Using Direct Instruction Method (A2) ....................................72

3.The Speaking Score of the Students Who Have High Self-confidence (B1)........................................................................73

4.The Speaking Score of the Students Who Have Low Self-confidence (B2)........................................................................75

5. The Speaking Score of the Students Having High Self-confidence Who Were Taught by Using Quantum Learning Method (A1B1) ........................................................................76

6. The Speaking Score of the Students Having Low Self-confidence Who Were Taught by Using Quantum Learning Method (A1B2) ........................................................................77

7. The Speaking Score of the Students Having High Self-confidence Who Were Taught by Using Direct Instruction Method (A2B1) ........................................................................78

8. The Speaking Score of the Students Having Low Self-confidence Who Were Taught by Using Direct Instruction Method (A2 B2) .......................................................................79

B.Data Analysis ................................................................................81

1. Normality Test .........................................................................81

2. Homogeneity Test ...................................................................82

C.Testing Hypotheses .......................................................................82

1. 2 x 2 Multifactor Analysis Variance (ANOVA) .....................83

2. Tukey Test ...............................................................................85

D.Discussion of the findings .............................................................87

1. Quantum Learning Method is more effective than Direct Instruction Method to teach speaking......................................87

2. The students having high self-confidence have better speaking competence than those having low self-confidence. ...............90

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3. There is an interaction between teaching methods and students’ self-confidence ........................................................................92

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION ...............95

A.Conclusion.....................................................................................95

B.Implication.....................................................................................96

C.Suggestion .....................................................................................97

Bibliography ...........................................................................................................99

Appendices ...........................................................................................................102

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2. 1. Scoring Rubric for Speaking ............................................................... 23

Table 2. 2. The Characteristics of Self-Confident Students .................................. 38

Table 3. 1. Table of Research Plan........................................................................ 56

Table 3. 2. Schedule of the Research .................................................................... 57

Table 3. 3. Questionnaire of Speaking Test Instrument ........................................ 60

Table 3. 4. Design for Summarizing ANOVA...................................................... 64

Table 4. 1. Frequency Distribution of the speaking score of the students of the

students who were taught by using Quantum Learning Method (A1) 69

Table 4. 2. Frequency Distribution of the speaking score of the students who were

taught by using Direct Instruction Method (A2) ................................ 71

Table 4. 3. Frequency Distribution of the speaking score of the students who have

high self-confidence (B1) ................................................................... 72


low self-confidence (B2) .................................................................... 73


high self-confidence who were taught by using Quantum Learning

Method (A1B1) .................................................................................. 74


low self-confidence who were taught by using Quantum Learning

Method (A1B2) .................................................................................. 75


high self-confidence who were taught by using Direct Instruction

Method (A2B1) .................................................................................. 77


low self-confidence who were taught by using Direct Instruction

Method (A2B2) .................................................................................. 78

Table 4. 9. The Summary of Normality Test Result ............................................. 79

Table 4. 10. The summary of Homogeneity Test Result ...................................... 80

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Table 4. 11. The summary of Mean Scores........................................................... 81

Table 4. 12. The summary of ANOVA Calculation ............................................. 81

Table 4. 13. The summary of Tukey Test ............................................................. 83

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4. 1. Histogram and Polygon of the speaking score of the students .......... 71

Figure 4. 2. Histogram and Polygon of the speaking score of the students ......... 72

Figure 4. 3. Frequency Distribution of the speaking score of the students ........... 74

Figure 4. 4. Histogram and Polygon of the speaking score of the students .......... 76

Figure 4. 5. Histogram and Polygon of the speaking score of the students who

have high self-confidence who were taught by using Quantum

Learning Method (A1B1) ................................................................... 77


have low self-confidence who were taught by using Quantum

Learning Method (A1B2) ................................................................... 79


have high self-confidence who were taught by using Direct Instruction

Method (A2B1) .................................................................................. 80


have low self-confidence who were taught by using Direct Instruction

Method (A2B2) .................................................................................. 81

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Syllabus of Speaking ..................................................................... 103 Appendix 2. Lesson Plans for Experimental Class (Quantum Learning Method)

........................................................................................................ 109 Appendix 3. Lesson Plans for Control Class (Direct Instruction Method) ........ 158 Appendix 4. Blue Print of Self-confidence Questionnaire................................. 203 Appendix 5. Instrument for Self-Confidence Questionnaire ............................. 204 Appendix 6. Questionnaire for Speaking Test Readability................................ 208 Appendix 7. The Result of Readability of Speaking Test.................................. 208 Appendix 8. Frameworks and Instrument of Speaking Test .............................. 210 Appendix 9. The Result of Speaking Test.......................................................... 211 Appendix 10. Students’ Speaking Transcriptions .............................................. 217 Appendix 11. The Result of Descriptive Analysis ............................................. 223 Appendix 12. The Result of Normality Test ...................................................... 236 Appendix 13. The Standard Normal Distribution Table .................................... 244 Appendix 14. Critical Value for Lilliefors Test (L Table) ................................ 245 Appendix 15. The Result of Homogeneity Test................................................. 246 Appendix 16. The Chi-Square Distribution Table ............................................. 247 Appendix 17. The Result of Hypotheses Testing (ANOVA)............................. 248 Appendix 18. Table of Critical Values for F Distribution (ANOVA Test) α = 0.05

..................................................................................................... 251 Appendix 19. The Result of TukeyTest ............................................................. 252 Appendix 20. Q Scores for Tukey’s Method ..................................................... 253 Appendix 21. Notification Letter ....................................................................... 254

xvii


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