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AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS’ WRITING OF

RECOUNT TEXT

(The Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in

Academic Year 2013/2014)

THESIS

TRI SEPTIANA NINGSIH

K2210081

Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret

University to fulfill One of the Requirements for Getting the Undergraduate

Degree of Education

ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2014


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PRONOUNCEMENT

The researcher would like to certify that the thesis entitled AN ERROR

ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS’ WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT (The

Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic

Year 2013/2014) is really my own work. It is not plagiarism or made by others.

Everything related to other works are written in quotation, the sources of which

are listed on the bibliography.

If then, this pronouncement proves wrong; I am ready to receive any

academic punishment.

Surakarta, 2014

Tri Septiana Ningsih


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ABSTRACT

Tri Septiana Ningsih. K2210081, “AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE

STUDENTS’ WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT (The Case of the Eighth

Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic Year 2013/2014)”.

A thesis. Surakarta: Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret

University, Surakarta, 2014.

The aims of this research are to answer the problem statements which are

formulated as: (1) to find out the type of errors of a recount text made by the

eighth grade students of SMP N 16 Surakarta; (2) to find out the highest

percentage of type of the students‟ errors in their writing of recount text; (3) to

find out the causes of the students‟ errors in their writing of recount text.

This research is descriptive. To collect the data, the researcher uses an

essay test in the form of recount text composition made by the eighth grade

students. The sample of the research is 24 students of class VIII A of SMP Negeri

16 Surakarta. The sampling technique applied in this research is purposive

random sampling. To analyze the students‟ errors, the researcher follows some

steps which include the identification of error, the description of error and the

explanation of error. The researcher uses surface strategy taxonomy to sort the

type of errors yielded by the students from their recount text compositions.

The results of this research are: (1) there are four types of errors yielded by

the students which are addition error with the percentage of 14.34% or, omission

error with the percentage of 29.81%, misformation error with the percentage of

55.10% and misordering error with the percentage of 0.75%; (2) the highest

percentage of type of errors is misformation error with the percentage of 55.10%;

(3) there are two causes of errors found from the students‟ composition which are

interlingual error with the percentage of 58.49% and intralingual error with the

percentage of 41.51%.

The results of this research are beneficial to the process of learning

English. The results of this research give information about the ability of the

students in making writing recount text and give information about the map of

difficulties faced by the students in writing recount text. The errors which appear

in this research could help the teacher to make teaching strategies in his teaching

so that the students will not make the same errors.

Keywords: Error Analysis, Surface Strategy Taxonomy, Recount Text


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ABSTRAK

Tri Septiana Ningsih. K2210081, “Analisis Kesalahan pada Karangan Recount

Teks Siswa (Penelitian pada Siswa Kelas Delapan SMP Negeri 16

Surakarta)”. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan.

Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, 2014.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengetahui jenis-jenis kesalahan

karangan teks recount oleh siswa kelas delapan SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta; (2)

mengetahui presentase tertinggi tipe kesalahan dari kesalahan siswa; (3)

mengetahui penyebab-penyebab kesalahan dari kesalahan siswa.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif. Dalam pengumpulan data,

peneliti menggunakan tes essai dalam bentuk komposisi teks recount oleh siswa

kelas delapan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 24 siswa kelas delapan SMP

Negeri 16 Surakarta. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive random

sampling. Untuk menganalisis kesalahan siswa, peneliti mengikuti beberapa

langkah yang meliputi identifikasi kesalahan, pendeskrupsian kesalahan, dan

penjelasan kesalahan. Peneliti menggunakan surface structure taxonomy untuk

memilah tipe-tipe kesalahan yang dibuat oleh siswa dari komposis teks recount

mereka.

Hasil penelitian ini meliputi: (1) Terdapat empat tipe kesalahan yang

dilakukan oleh siswa diantara nya addition error dengan persentase 14.34%,

omission error dengan persentase 29.81%, misformation error dengan persentase

55.11% dan misordering error dengan persentase 0.75%; (2) Persentase kesalahan

tertinggi adalah misformation error dengan persentase 55.10%; (3) Terdapat dua

penyebab kesalahan yang ditemukan dari karangan recount siswa yaitu kesalahan

interlingual dengan persentase 58.49% dan kesalahan intralingual 41.51%.

Hasil-hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat terhadap proses pembelajaran bahasa

Inggris. Hasil-hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi tentang kemampuan

siswa dalam menulis karangan teks recount dan memberikan informasi terhadap

peta kesulitan tang dihadapi siswa dalam menulis recount text. Kesalahan-

kesalahan yang muncul dalam penelitian ini dapat membantu guru untuk membuat

strategi pembelajaran sehingga siswa tidak akan membuat kesalahan yang sama.

Kata kunci: Analisis kesalahan, Surface Structure Taxonomy, Teks Recount.


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MOTTO

Always do your best. What you plant now, you will harvest later (Og

Mandino)

We can only try and pray, the rest is God‟s job.

Start you first step of thousand steps in your journey with ‘Bismillah’


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DEDICATION

This thesis is dedicated to:

Allah S.W.T the Almighty.

My beloved parents, Mr. Suyatno and Mrs. Sumarti, my dearest sisters, Ika

Rahmawati, and Dwi Susilowati thanks for your supports and cares.

My lovely and best friends Yuni Arifiyani, Vinda Ryandani, Nina

Setyowati, Nadiatul Azizah, Yulia Ainsani, Septian Tri and Rizqi Arum

Prastuti.

My lovely friends in Class B English Education Department 2010.

All of my awesome friends in English Education Department 2010.


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and above all, the writer praises Allah SWT for the blessing, mercy

and love given to the writer, so the writer has finished the thesis entitled “AN

ERROR ANALYSIS ON THE STUDENTS‟ WRITING OF RECOUNT TEXT

(The Case of the Eighth Grade Students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta in Academic

Year 2013/2014)”.

The writer realizes that the writer would not be able to complete the thesis

without support, advice and guidance from many people. Therefore, the writer

would like to express the sincerest gratitude to:

1. Prof. Dr. H.M. Furqon Hidayatulloh M.Pd, the Dean of Teacher Training

and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University;

2. Teguh Sarosa SS.,M.Hum, the Head of English Education Department;

3. Drs. Siswantoro, M.Hum as the first advisor who always gives guidance,

excellent advice and idea to the writer;

4. Drs. Martono, M.A as the second advisor, who has carefully read and

made several corrections for the improvement of this research and given

valuable advice;

5. All of the lecturers and staffs of English Education Department of Teacher

Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University who have

gave their contribution to the writer for completing this research;

6. Mr. Bambang W.K, S.Pd as the English teacher of the eighth grade

students of SMP Negeri 16 Surakarta who has given permission to the

researcher in order to collect the data of this research;

7. Her beloved parents, Mr. Suyatno and Mrs. Sumarti, her dearest sisters,

Ika Rahmawati and Dwi Susilowati thanks for your loves, supports, and

your cares.

8. Her best friends Yuni Arifiani, Vinda Ryandani, Nina Setyowati, Nadiatul

Azizah, Yulia Ainsani, Septian Tri and Rizqi Arum Prastuti

9. All of her awesome friends in class B English Education Department 2010

who have shared the joy, spirit, sadness and happiness.


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10. Anyone who always help and pray for her.

The writer would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the readers for

some critics and suggestions. Hopefully this thesis can give contributions to

English Education.

Surakarta, December 2014

The writer

Tri Septiana Ningsih


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE .............................................................................................................. i

PRONOUNCEMENT ..................................................................................... ii

THE APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANTS ............................................. iii

LEGALIZATION OF THE EXAMINERS .................................................... iv

ABSTARCT .................................................................................................... v

MOTTO .......................................................................................................... vii

DEDICATION ................................................................................................ viii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT ................................................................................. ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xi

LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES .............................................................. xiv

LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xv

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1

A. Background of the Study ................................................... 1

B. Limitation of the Study ...................................................... 4

C. Problem Statements ............................................................. 5

D. Objectives of the Study ....................................................... 5

E. Benefits of the Study .......................................................... 5

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................ 6

A. Second Language Acquisition ........................................... 6

B. Review on Error Analysis .................................................. 6

1. The Difference between Error and Mistake ................. 6

1.1 Errors ................................................................... 7

1.2 Mistakes ............................................................... 8

2. Definition of Error Analysis ........................................ 8

3. Classification of Error ................................................. 9

4. Causes of Error ............................................................ 12

5. Significance of Error .................................................... 15


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C. Review on Writing .............................................................. 16

1. The Nature of Writing .................................................. 16

2. The Purpose of Writing ................................................ 17

3. The Kinds of Writing .................................................... 17

4. The Process of Writing ................................................. 18

D. Review on Recount Text .................................................... 20

1. Definition of Recount Text ........................................... 20

2. Generic Structure of Recount Text ............................... 21

3. Grammatical Features of Recount Text ........................ 21

4. The Example of Recount Text ...................................... 21

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ......................................................... 23

A. Research Method ............................................................... 23

B. Population, Sample, and Sampling ................................... 23

C. The Technique of Collecting Data .................................... 24

D. The Technique of Analyzing Data .................................... 24

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION .............................................. 27

A. Description of the Data ..................................................... 27

B. Findings ............................................................................. 27

C. Discussion ......................................................................... 29

1. Type of Error ............................................................... 29

a. Addition Error ....................................................... 29

b. Omission Error ...................................................... 32

c. Misformation Error ............................................... 36

d. Misordering Error .................................................. 42

2. Source of Error ............................................................ 42

a. Interlingual Error ................................................... 42

b. Intralingual Error ................................................... 46

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ....... 50

A. Conclusion ........................................................................ 50

B. Implication ........................................................................ 51

C. Suggestion ......................................................................... 51


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BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 53

APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 55


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LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES

Figure 2.1 Linear Process ................................................................................... 20

Figure 2.2 Wheel Process ................................................................................... 20

Figure 2.3 Recount Text Example ..................................................................... 22

Table 4.1 The Frequency of Errors and Mistakes .............................................. 28

Table 4.2 The Frequency of Type of Error ........................................................ 29

Table 4.3 The Frequency of Source of Error ..................................................... 30

Table 4.4 Category of Addition Error ................................................................ 30

Table 4.5 Addition Error of To Be (Copula Verb) ............................................. 31

Table 4.6 Addition Error of Preposition ............................................................ 32

Table 4.7 Category of Omission Error ............................................................... 34

Table 4.8 Omission Error of Preposition ........................................................... 34

Table 4.9 Omission Error of Inflectional Morpheme „-s- as possessive marker 35

Table 4.10 Category of Misformation Error ...................................................... 38

Table 4.11 Misformation Error of Past Tense .................................................... 39

Table 4.12 Misformation Error of Word Choice ............................................... 40

Table 4.13 Category of Misordering Error ........................................................ 44

Table 4.14 Interlingual Error .............................................................................. 45

Table 4.15 Intralingual Error .............................................................................. 48


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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1 List of Students Joining the Test ................................................. 55

Appendix 2 Codes of the Students‟ Errors ...................................................... 56

Appendix 3 Text of Student 01 ....................................................................... 58






Appendix 10 Text of Student 11 ..................................................................... 64






Appendix 16 Error Analysis of Student 01‟s Text ......................................... 70

Appendix 17 Error Analysis of Student 03‟s Text .......................................... 71

Appendix 18 Error Analysis of Student 06‟s Text ......................................... 72









Appendix 27 Error Analysis of Student 23‟s Text ........................................... 88

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