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Decline of the Ottoman Empire Notes/Study Guide

Essential Question:

Watch the map. What do you think happened that resulted in the fall of the Ottoman Empire?

Essential Question:

How did European partitioning of the Middle East after the breakup of the Ottoman Empire lead to regional conflict?

What is an empire?

Partitioning

Artificial Political Boundaries

Regional Conflict

Answers will vary.

An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority

the action or state of dividing land into parts

a boundary made by humans to divide land into regions, countries and areas

disagreement between regions or countries that can heighten with time

Answers will vary.

Muhammed’s death

Ottoman Empire 1914

Decline of Empire

Breaking Up Is Hard To Do!!!

-Conflict within Islamic Faith

-Muslims split into Sunni and Shia tribes

-Ottoman Turks rose as the strongest group

-Initially Ottomans controlled what is now Turkey and eventually spread throughout Southwest Asia, parts of Africa, and parts of Europe

-Ottomans controlled area of Middle East from the 1300’s until end of WW I (1917).

-Empire most powerful in the 1500’s-capital Istanbul

-1914-beginning of WWI lost most of the empire, but still controlled Middle East

-The leaders were unable to rule such a huge empire, because these leaders couldn’t control their own territories

-WWI Ottomans joined the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Bulgaria) against the Allied Powers (U.S., Great Britain, and France)

-Ottomans knew they need advanced technology and innovation to maintain control and possibly regain lost land

-Ottomans were on the side that lost the war

“Breaking” Up is Hard!

The demonstration that you just watched is a metaphor for the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire. In the table

below, explain what each item symbolizes.

In the demonstration….. This relates to the breakup of the Ottoman Empire…..

The teachers hands

The Plate

The Bag

In order to break (tear) it, force was used.

Some of the torn pieces are smaller, and

some are larger.

The pieces have sharp jagged edges.

It cannot be put back together again.

San Remo Agreement

Great Britain and France

The Ottoman Empire

WWI

The Ottoman Empire was on the losing side of WWI

-Represent how randomly lands werepartitioned by Europeans (Artificial Political Borders)

France: Syria and LebanonGreat Britain: Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Palestine

After being broken up, the resulting countries had many conflicts and wars. (Artificial Political Boundaries)

The end of the Ottoman Empire

Once the empire broke up, it was never put back together. The conflicts caused by the breakup are very hard to solve.

Creation of Boundaries

Results

-Ottoman’s were overthrown-the empire was divided into smaller territories -PARTITIONED by European countries(Britain & France) who decided boundaries-These boundaries divided ethnic groups and religious groups that were living in the region-No consideration for nationalism(people who live in a country and have similar culture, history, religious beliefs)-Result- CONFLICTS-Europeans did not realize the problems new boundaries would cause when different groups were forced to live together

-Republic of Turkey created out of Ottoman Empire 1923-Majority of land under Ottomans given to France and Great Britain as a mandate (an official order to carry out something)-British & French partitioned the Middle East into countries-Created artificial political borders-Didn’t reflect natural division in the region-it blended ethnic and religious groups