climate information and prediction in thailand

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Climate Information and Prediction Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand in Thailand 19 19 - - 22 February 2007 22 February 2007 Tokyo, Japan Tokyo, Japan ( ( Climatological Climatological Group, Group, Climatological Climatological Academic Group) Academic Group) Meteorological Development Bureau Meteorological Development Bureau Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) Thai Meteorological Department (TMD) National Climate Center (NCC) National Climate Center (NCC) Boonlert Boonlert Archevarahuprok Archevarahuprok

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Page 1: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

Climate Information and PredictionClimate Information and Prediction

in Thailandin Thailand

19 19 --22 February 200722 February 2007Tokyo, JapanTokyo, Japan

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

BoonlertBoonlert ArchevarahuprokArchevarahuprok

Page 2: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

(Climatological Group, Climatological Academic Group)Meteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)

ContentsContents

•• Climate InformationClimate Information

•• Climate PredictionClimate Prediction

•• National Climate CenterNational Climate Center

•• Collaboration and CooperationCollaboration and Cooperation

Page 3: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate InformationClimate Information

~76 Nationwide Weather Observation Stations~76 Nationwide Weather Observation Stations

~50 years records (from 1951~50 years records (from 1951--current)current)

CDMS (Climate Data Management System, real CDMS (Climate Data Management System, real time web base)time web base)

[email protected][email protected] (Free and Fee of charge)(Free and Fee of charge)

Page 4: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate InformationClimate Information

Page 5: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate PredictionClimate Prediction

Four issue:Four issue:

•• fourfour--week forecast, update every week week forecast, update every week

•• monthly forecast, update every monthmonthly forecast, update every month

•• threethree--month forecast, update every monthmonth forecast, update every month

•• seasonal forecast, update every three monthsseasonal forecast, update every three months

Page 6: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Main content:Main content:

•• RainfallRainfall

•• TemperatureTemperature

Page 7: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

การคาดหมายลกษณะอากาศของประเทศไทยประจาเดอนการคาดหมายลกษณะอากาศของประเทศไทยประจาเดอน เมษายนเมษายน พพ..ศศ.. 25492549ออกประกาศออกประกาศ ณณ วนทวนท 2828 กมภาพนธกมภาพนธ พพ..ศศ.. 25492549

ภาคเหนอมฟาหลวและอากาศรอนในตอนกลางวนในบางชวงจะมอากาศรอนจดอณหภมสงสด 40-41° ซ. กบจะมฝนฟาคะนองกระจายในบางชวง

ภาคตะวนออกเฉยงเหนอมฟาหลวและอากาศรอนในตอนกลางวนในบางชวงจะมอากาศรอนจดอณหภมสงสด 40-41° ซ. กบจะมฝนฟาคะนองกระจายในบางชวงภาคกลางรวมทงกรงเทพมหานคร

และปรมณฑลมฟาหลวและอากาศรอนอบอาว กบจะมฝนฟาคะนองกระจายในบางชวง

ภาคตะวนออกมฟาหลวและอากาศรอนอบอาว กบจะมฝนฟาคะนองกระจายในบางชวง

ภาคใตทงสองฝงทองฟามเมฆบางสวน อากาศรอน กบมฝนฟาคะนองเปนแหงๆถงกระจาย

34-36oซ.24-26oซ.

กรงเทพฯ และปรมณฑล60-120 มม.6-10 วน

8-15 กม./ชม.

60-110 มม.6-10 วน35-37o

ซ.22-24o

ซ.

80-130 มม.7-11 วน

90-140 มม.7-11 วน

34-36o

ซ.20-23o

ซ.

34-36o

ซ.24-26o

ซ.

33-35o

ซ.24-26o

ซ.

60-110 มม.6-10วน

150-

200 มม.10-16วน

32-34o

ซ.23-254oซ.

33-35o

ซ.23-25o

ซ.

70-120 มม.6-10 วน

1-2 ม.

2 ม.

อณหภม oซ.

ทองฟามเมฆบางสวนฝนฟาคะนองบางพนทบรเวณทมอากาศรอน-รอนจดและอาจเกดพายฤดรอนได

อากาศรอน 35.0-39.9 ซ.อากาศรอนจด > 40 ซ.

15-35 กม./ชม.

8-15 กม./ชม.

8-15 กม./ชม.

8-15 กม./ชม.

15-35 กม./ชม.15-35 กม./ชม.

ลกษณะทวไป หยอมความกดอากาศตาเนองจากความรอนจะปกคลมประเทศไทยตอนบน ประกอบกบจะมลมใตพดปกคลมอาวไทยและประเทศไทย ทาใหมอากาศรอนอบอาวในบางวน ซงบางพนทจะมอณหภมสงสด 40-41°ซ. โดยเฉพาะในภาคเหนอ ภาคตะวนออกเฉยงเหนอและภาคกลาง ในเดอนนจะมฝนตกลงมาเปนชวงๆ ทาใหอากาศไมรอนมากนก อณหภมเฉลยจะตากวาคาปกต และปรมาณฝนรวมจะสงกวาคาปกต สาหรบภาคใตจะมฝนเปนแหงๆ และในชวงปลายเดอนเมษายนปรมาณและการกระจายของฝนจะเพมขนโดยเฉพาะทางภาคใตฝงตะวนตก

หมายเหตหมายเหต ในเดอนนในเดอนน คาดวาจะมฝนตกเปนระยะๆคาดวาจะมฝนตกเปนระยะๆ ชวยใหอากาศคลายความรอนในบางชวงชวยใหอากาศคลายความรอนในบางชวง ปรมาณฝนจะมากกวาคาปกตปรมาณฝนจะมากกวาคาปกต แตในบางแตในบางพนทโดยเฉพาะพนททเคยแลงซาซากพนทโดยเฉพาะพนททเคยแลงซาซาก ปรมาณฝนทตกอาจจะไมเพยงพอตอการอปโภคและบรโภคปรมาณฝนทตกอาจจะไมเพยงพอตอการอปโภคและบรโภค รวมทงการใชนาทางเกษตรกรรมรวมทงการใชนาทางเกษตรกรรม ประชาชนจงควรวางแผนการใชนาใหไดประโยชนสงสดประชาชนจงควรวางแผนการใชนาใหไดประโยชนสงสด และในบางชวงอากาศจะแหงมากและในบางชวงอากาศจะแหงมาก อาจจะเอออานวยตอการเกดอคคภยและอาจจะเอออานวยตอการเกดอคคภยและไฟปาไดไฟปาได จงขอใหระมดระวงการใชเชอเพลงในการทากจกรรมตางๆจงขอใหระมดระวงการใชเชอเพลงในการทากจกรรมตางๆ ในระยะนไวดวยในระยะนไวดวยในชวงปลายเดอนเมษายนในชวงปลายเดอนเมษายน มกจะมหยอมความกดมกจะมหยอมความกดอากาศตากอตวขนบรเวณทะเลอนดามนซงอาจทวกาลงแรงขนเปนพาอากาศตากอตวขนบรเวณทะเลอนดามนซงอาจทวกาลงแรงขนเปนพายไซโคลนยไซโคลน โดยมแนวโนมการเคลอนตวทางทศเหนอคอนไปทางโดยมแนวโนมการเคลอนตวทางทศเหนอคอนไปทาง

Page 8: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand
Page 9: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand
Page 10: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

The forecast of rainfall and temperature are based on The forecast of rainfall and temperature are based on statistical techniques and statistical techniques and climatologicalclimatological analysis. The analysis. The ~50 years records of concerning data obtained from ~50 years records of concerning data obtained from ~76 nationwide observation stations have been used in ~76 nationwide observation stations have been used in this type of forecast. In addition, the products of this type of forecast. In addition, the products of seasonal forecast from ECMWF, NCEP, IRI, UK, TCC, seasonal forecast from ECMWF, NCEP, IRI, UK, TCC, APCC are useful guidance in predictionAPCC are useful guidance in prediction

Page 11: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Climate Model: Climate Model:

•• experimental global MM5experimental global MM5start 2005 for one month prediction withstart 2005 for one month prediction withGFS one degree initial data, daily runGFS one degree initial data, daily runnone information for the surfacenone information for the surface

•• Global and Regional Spectral Model (GGlobal and Regional Spectral Model (G--RSM)RSM)start 2007 with T126 of 28 levels, withstart 2007 with T126 of 28 levels, withGFS half degree initial data for 3 month predictionGFS half degree initial data for 3 month predictionmuch of information on surface and upper levelmuch of information on surface and upper levelwill be operational climate model, weekly runwill be operational climate model, weekly run

•• Statistical Downscale (Collaborate with JMA)Statistical Downscale (Collaborate with JMA)start in 2006start in 2006

Page 12: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Regional Climate Model: Regional Climate Model:

•• Statistical Downscaling Statistical Downscaling (collaborative with JMA since February 2006, some of produ(collaborative with JMA since February 2006, some of product)ct)(APCC, one staff working in Nov(APCC, one staff working in Nov--Dec 2006, none product)Dec 2006, none product)

•• Dynamic Downscaling (RSM, MM5, WRF, RAMS)Dynamic Downscaling (RSM, MM5, WRF, RAMS)

• PProviding roviding REREgionalgional CClimates for limates for IImpact mpact SStudies (PRECIS)tudies (PRECIS)August 2006, need initial and boundary data, August 2006, need initial and boundary data,

Page 13: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Page 14: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)surface surface AlbedoAlbedo [%][%]surface surface BaseflowBaseflow--groundwater runoff [kg/m^2]groundwater runoff [kg/m^2]surface Plant canopy surface water [kg/m^2]surface Plant canopy surface water [kg/m^2]surface Convective surface Convective precipprecip. rate [kg/m^2/s]. rate [kg/m^2/s]surface Downward long wave flux [W/m^2]surface Downward long wave flux [W/m^2]surface Downward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]surface Downward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]top of top of atmosatmos Downward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]Downward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]surface Ground heat flux [W/m^2]surface Ground heat flux [W/m^2]surface Ice concentration [ice=1;no ice=0]surface Ice concentration [ice=1;no ice=0]surface Landsurface Land--sea mask [1=land; 0=sea]sea mask [1=land; 0=sea]surface Latent heat flux [W/m^2]surface Latent heat flux [W/m^2]surface No. of mixed layers next to surface No. of mixed layers next to sfcsfc [integer][integer]surface Potential evaporation rate [W/m^2]surface Potential evaporation rate [W/m^2]surface Precipitation rate [kg/m^2/s]surface Precipitation rate [kg/m^2/s]surface Pressure [Pa]surface Pressure [Pa]low cloud base Pressure [Pa]low cloud base Pressure [Pa]low cloud top Pressure [Pa]low cloud top Pressure [Pa]midmid--cloud base Pressure [Pa]cloud base Pressure [Pa]midmid--cloud top Pressure [Pa]cloud top Pressure [Pa]high cloud base Pressure [Pa]high cloud base Pressure [Pa]high cloud top Pressure [Pa]high cloud top Pressure [Pa]atmosatmos column column PrecipitablePrecipitable water [kg/m^2]water [kg/m^2]surface RHsurface RH--type cloud cover [%]type cloud cover [%]surface Runoff [kg/m^2]surface Runoff [kg/m^2]surface Std dev of time tend of surface Std dev of time tend of relrel hum [%]hum [%]atmosatmos column Std dev of time tend of zonal wind [column Std dev of time tend of zonal wind [m/sm/s]]atmosatmos column Std dev of time tend of column Std dev of time tend of meridmerid wind [wind [m/sm/s]]surface surface SurfaceSurface roughness [m]roughness [m]surface Sensible heat flux [W/m^2]surface Sensible heat flux [W/m^2]surface Snow sublimation heat flux [W/m^2]surface Snow sublimation heat flux [W/m^2]surface Snow melt heat flux [W/m^2]surface Snow melt heat flux [W/m^2]

Page 15: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)00--10 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]10 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]1010--40 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]40 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]4040--100 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]100 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]100100--200 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]200 cm underground Volumetric soil moisture [fraction]2 m above ground Specific humidity [kg/kg]2 m above ground Specific humidity [kg/kg]surface Snowfall rate water equiv. [kg/m^2/s]surface Snowfall rate water equiv. [kg/m^2/s]atmosatmos column Total cloud cover [%]column Total cloud cover [%]low cloud level Total cloud cover [%]low cloud level Total cloud cover [%]midmid--cloud level Total cloud cover [%]cloud level Total cloud cover [%]high cloud level Total cloud cover [%]high cloud level Total cloud cover [%]2 m above ground Max. temp. [K]2 m above ground Max. temp. [K]2 m above ground Min. temp. [K]2 m above ground Min. temp. [K]surface Temp. [K]surface Temp. [K]2 m above ground Temp. [K]2 m above ground Temp. [K]00--10 cm underground Temp. [K]10 cm underground Temp. [K]1010--40 cm underground Temp. [K]40 cm underground Temp. [K]4040--100 cm underground Temp. [K]100 cm underground Temp. [K]100100--200 cm underground Temp. [K]200 cm underground Temp. [K]low cloud top Temp. [K]low cloud top Temp. [K]midmid--cloud top Temp. [K]cloud top Temp. [K]high cloud top Temp. [K]high cloud top Temp. [K]surface Zonal gravity wave stress [N/m^2]surface Zonal gravity wave stress [N/m^2]surface Zonal momentum flux [N/m^2]surface Zonal momentum flux [N/m^2]10 m above ground u wind [10 m above ground u wind [m/sm/s]]surface Upward long wave flux [W/m^2]surface Upward long wave flux [W/m^2]top of top of atmosatmos Upward long wave flux [W/m^2]Upward long wave flux [W/m^2]surface Upward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]surface Upward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]top of top of atmosatmos Upward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]Upward solar radiation flux [W/m^2]surface surface MeridionalMeridional gravity wave stress [N/m^2]gravity wave stress [N/m^2]surface Vegetation [%]surface Vegetation [%]surface surface MeridionalMeridional momentum flux [N/m^2]momentum flux [N/m^2]10 m above ground v wind [10 m above ground v wind [m/sm/s]]surface surface AccumAccum. snow [kg/m^2]. snow [kg/m^2]surface corrected surface corrected precipprecip [kg/m^2/s][kg/m^2/s]

Page 16: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Page 17: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Page 18: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

EndEnd--User:User:

•• Water resources department uses information reservoir Water resources department uses information reservoir operations operations pplanninglanning

•• Agriculture sector uses information forAgriculture sector uses information for llandand,,ppreparation cropreparation crop,, hharvestarvest,, pplanning change of lanning change of croppingcropping•• ManufacturingManufacturing// Trading uses information for sale Trading uses information for sale projectionprojection,, strategic planningstrategic planning,, survey survey

•• Consultants in Environmental Consultants in Environmental forfor climate climate change monitoringchange monitoring,, climate forecastsclimate forecasts

•• Department of local Administration uses information Department of local Administration uses information for planning and prepare to protect the disasterfor planning and prepare to protect the disaster

Page 19: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Page 20: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Page 21: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Climate Prediction (cont)Climate Prediction (cont)

Page 22: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

National Climate CenterNational Climate Center

•• February 6, 2007February 6, 2007

•• Climate data and Product; national climate data center,Climate data and Product; national climate data center,monitoring, analysis and impactmonitoring, analysis and impact

•• Climate model and Prediction; modeling, weekly,Climate model and Prediction; modeling, weekly,monthly and seasonally predictionmonthly and seasonally prediction

•• Climate change; variability, impact, Climate change; variability, impact,

•• Local and Inter collaboration/cooperationLocal and Inter collaboration/cooperation

Page 23: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Collaboration and CooperationCollaboration and Cooperation

•• To strengthen collaboration and cooperation To strengthen collaboration and cooperation between TMD and JMA for Statistical Downscaling between TMD and JMA for Statistical Downscaling and helping for NCC operational in the futureand helping for NCC operational in the future

•• Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao, Cambodia, MayanmaMayanma and Thailand and Thailand for the regional climate issuefor the regional climate issue

Page 24: Climate Information and Prediction in Thailand

((ClimatologicalClimatological Group, Group, ClimatologicalClimatological Academic Group)Academic Group)Meteorological Development BureauMeteorological Development Bureau

Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)Thai Meteorological Department (TMD)National Climate Center (NCC)National Climate Center (NCC)

Thank youThank you