cases of environmental improvement by capacity...

Cases of Environmental Improvement by Capacity Development

Daisaku GOTO, Ph.Dand

Kazuhiko TANAKA, Prof.,

Dr. Engr. and Dr. of Environ. Earth Sci.

2-1Jakarta COE Workshop on Cooperative Approach to Capacity Development for Environmental Management

DPSIR+C Framework:An example in case of water quality management

D: Population, Economy, Energy, Industry

P: Water use, Emission to water, Production of waste

S: Water quality

I : Human health, Welfare

R: Law, Institutions, Policies, Technology

C: Monitoring, Analyzing, Management

2-2

COE Program & JBIC/SAPS Study

Capacity Assessment

Environmental Improvement

Capacity Development: Recommendations for Action Plan

Water quality Improvement

Social Capacity AssessmentPDCA cycle

JBIC/SAPS Study for the RMCD

2-3

Background & Issues1994 Regional Monitoring Capacity Development

(RMCD) Project was launched with support of JBIC

1997 The economic crisis1998 The collapse of Soeharto regime

The administration shifted from a centralized to a decentralized system

2001 The functions of the main environmental regulatory agency were transferred from central to about 440 Kabupaten/Kota governments

Serious damage the RMCD equipment

Negative impacts on developing the environmental management capacity

2-4

SAPS Study & the Objective

2006 The JBIC Special Assistance for Project Sustainability (SAPS) for the Bapedal RMCD Project

1. To study a feasible & basic action plan to make an effective environmental management system

2. To use RMCD equipment more effectively & sustainably

The objective

The terms of reference

I. Monitor & analyze current regional environment management, and identify issues & underlying causes

II. Provide recommendations to improve environmental policy formulation and its impementation

2-5

The Process of SAPS Study

1.Targeting Provinces & Issues

2.Analyzing the Issues & the Policy Process

3.Fact Finding

4.Proposing recommendations for Action Plan

2-6

Target Provinces

LampungSouth Sulawesi

East Java

2-7

Target Provinces & Issues

•Lampung (the Sekampung River)

•South Sulawesi (the Jeneberang River)

•East Java (the Brantas River)

The river water pollution is gradually increased due to agricultural activities, both occurring in up-stream area and down-stream area.

The pollution of domestic wastewater is increasing in the rivers and canal.

The pollution of urban river water for drinking water use is remarkably increasing due to increased population and economic/industrial activities.

Health impacts and river water quality management

2-8

the Sekampung River in Lamping

the Brantas River in East Javathe Jeneberang River in South Sulawesi

Target Rivers

2-9

MethodologySocial Capacity Assessment (SCA)

The PDCA Cycle approach

1.Actor-Factor Analysis

2. Institutional Analysis

3.Development Stage Analysis

→The policy design for social capacity development

→Analyzing the policy process

Citizens

Firms

Gov.

KnowledgeResourcesPoliciesSCEM

Plan Do

Act Check

2-10

The PDCA Cycle of River Water Quality Management

Plan Do

Act Check

Setting environmental standard

River Water Quality Management

Implement monitoring plan

Analysis & evaluation the status of pollution

Estimation pollution sourceMaking a pollution control policy

2-11

The PDCA Cycle of Environmental Laboratory

Plan Do

Act Check

Scientific grounds

Environmental Laboratory

Routine monitoring & recording

Assessment & inspectionRegulation & proposition

2-12

System making Stage

System workingstage

Self‐managementstage

Entry pointExit point

SCEM

Time

critical minimum

1. Indonesia is still in the transformation from second phase to final phase of the system building stage.

Main Findings of the SAPS Study2-13

Main Findings of the SAPS Study

2.Most Kabupaten/Kota cannot understand the PDCA Cycle based on Government Regulation No.82 of 2001, and has not issued wastewater discharge licenses.

Kabupaten/Kota

Provincial

Central

G.R. No.82 of 2001??

PDCA Cycle?

Water Discharge License???

2-14


3. In East Java, provincial Bapedalda made policy agreements with some Kabupaten/Kotaregarding implementation of Government Regulation No.82 of 2001.

Kabupaten/Kota

Provincial

Central

Yes! G.R. No.82 of 2001.

2-15

4.Environmental monitoring of rivers should be coordinated by the provincial governments, and should be carried out by each Kabupaten/Kota government.


Kabupaten/Kota

Provincial

Central

2-16


5.Most provincial Bapedalda laboratories monitor river water quality in the Sekampung River and the Jeneberang River.

Kabupaten/Kota

Provincial

Central

2-17

RecommendationsRoles of Central Government

1. Continue to Monitor & Analyze current conditions.

2. Offer Recommendations to Improve Environmental Policy.

Long term

1. Enhance Measure to Monitor & Analyze.

2. Offer Recommendations to improve Environmental Policy.

Medium term

1. Make a Policy Manual for Water Pollution Control.

2. Formulate Guidelines for Agreement between Provincial Government & Kabupaten/Kota Government.

3. Assist Environmental Management CD of Provincial personnel.

4. Establishment of Sampling Guideline and accurate Monitoring Guideline.

Short term

Recommendation for Action Plan

2-18

RecommendationsRoles of Provincial Government

1. Offer Kabupaten/Kota practical Suggestions and Recommendations.

2. Implement Environmental Policy Making.

3. Promote Environmental Partnership among G, F, and C.

Long term

1. Implement the Environmental Measures.

2. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skills to Collect Reliable and Consistent Data.


Medium term

1. Make Agreement (MOU) with Kapupaten/Kota and Implementation of Water Pollution Control.

2. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.

3. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skills to Collect Reliable and Consistent Data.


Short term


2-19

RecommendationsRoles of Kabupaten/Kota Government

1. Consult with the other governments.

2. Implement Environmental Measures of Water Pollution Control.

3. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.4. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skill to make Reliable and

Consistent Data.

Long term

1. Consult with the other governments.2. Improve Environmental Measures of Water Pollution Control.3. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.4. Improve Environmental Monitoring Skill to make Reliable and

Consistent Data.

Medium term

1. Make Agreement (MOU) with Provincial Bapedalda and Implementation of Water Pollution Control.

2. Develop Policy Enforcement Capacity.3. Construct Local Laboratory for Environmental Policy in each

Kabupaten/Kota.4. Promote Environmental Partnership among G, F, and C.

Short term


RecommendationsRoles of Firms

1. Reinforce Compliance of the Law.

2. Enhance the Capacity for Pollution Control.

3. Improve Partnerships with Governments and Citizens.

Long term


2. Enhance Capacity for Pollution Control.


Medium term

1. Reinforce Compliance with the Law.

2. Enhance Capacity for Pollution Control.


Short term


2-21

RecommendationsRoles of Citizens


2. Enhance the Capacity for Pollution Control.

3. Establish the Partnership with Central Government, Provincial Government, Kabupaten/Kota, and Firms.

Long term

1. Monitor Actions of Government and Firms.

2. Enhance Capacity for Environmental Management.

3. Establish the Partnership with Central Government, Provincial Government, Kabupaten/Kota, and Firms.

Medium term

1. Monitor Actions of Government and Firms.

2. Enhance Capacity for Environmental Management.

3. Establish the Partnership with Provincial Government, Kabupaten/Kota, and Firms.

Short term


2-22

Technological Evaluation and Suggestions for Water Quality Water Quality

Monitoring OperationMonitoring Operation

2-23

Purpose of This SurveyPurpose of This Survey

The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the analytical laboratory performance of environmental monitoring services under RMCD Project

2-24

25

to inventory existing RMCD equipments

to check function of equipments in each laboratory

to assess utilization of equipment in each laboratory

to score status of laboratory operation and management performance

ApproachApproach

2-25

Present Situation of Spectrophotometer for Determining Present Situation of Spectrophotometer for Determining Various Water Pollutants at PublicVarious Water Pollutants at Public--sector Regional sector Regional

Laboratories in IndonesiaLaboratories in Indonesia

2-26

Scoring Criteria of Hardware and Software Performance Scoring Criteria of Hardware and Software Performance

of Environmental Monitoring Operationof Environmental Monitoring Operation

100-80% satisfied: 5 (very good)

80-60 % satisfied: 4 (good)

60-40 % satisfied: 3 (fair)

40-20 % satisfied: 2 (poor)

20-0 % satisfied: 1 (very poor)

2-27

HardwareHardware--performance Evaluation Score for Each performance Evaluation Score for Each Environmental Analytical Laboratory in IndonesiaEnvironmental Analytical Laboratory in Indonesia

City name Lab.name

UV

-Vis

AA

S

GC

TO

C

pH/IS

E

DO

Conductivity T

urbidity

Turbidity

CO

D

Refrigerator

DW

supplier

Chem

icals

On-side W

ater Quality M

oni t

Total score

Average score

Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 - 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 3 4 4 35 2.9

Health (BLK) Lab. 4 2 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 4 - 40 3.3

Industry (Indag) Lab. 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 5 5 4 4 4 4 52 4.0

Bapedalda Lab. 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 3 4 4 4 41 3.2

Health (BBTKL) Lab. 4 4 4 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 3 4 3 43 3.3

Industry (indag) Lab. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Health (BBTKL-PPM) Lab. 5 5 5 5 3 3 4 5 4 4 4 4 - 51 4.3


PU Lab. 2 5 - - 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 3 39 3.5

Lampung

Makassar

Surabaya

2-28

SoftwareSoftware--performance Evaluation Score for Each performance Evaluation Score for Each Environmental Analytical Laboratory in IndonesiaEnvironmental Analytical Laboratory in Indonesia

3232

City name Lab. name

Laboratory Clean

ing

Glass w

are cleaning

managem

ent of reagents

Managem

ent of consumed and

reserved items

Managem

ent of practical sample

Managem

ent of the S

OP

Calibration

of instruments

Trouble shooting

Transaction of trou

bles

Ana

lytical Accuracy

Training and e

ducation

Laboratory Security

Managem

ent of Manuals

Total score

Average score

Lampung

Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 25 1.9

Health(BLK) Lab 3 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 3 2 4 4 4 35 2.7


Makkasar

Bapedalda Lab. 2 2 2 2 3 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 3 31 2.4

Health(BLK) Lab 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 38 2.9

Industry (Indag) Lab. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Surabaya

Health(BBTKL-PPM) Lab 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 56 4.3

Industry (BRSI) Lab. 3 3 4 3 2 1 1 21

2 2 3 4 3 33 2.5

PU Lab 3 3 3 3 3 4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 43 3.3

2-29

Relationship between HardwareRelationship between Hardware--performance Score performance Score and Softwareand Software--performance Score for Environmental performance Score for Environmental

Monitoring Operation at PublicMonitoring Operation at Public--sector Regional sector Regional Laboratories in IndonesiaLaboratories in Indonesia

y = 0.5689x + 1.828

R2 = 0.8774

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 4.50 5.00Software-performance score

Har

dwar

e-pe

rfor

man

ce s

core

scor

e

2-30

Suggestions for Enhancing Environmental Water Suggestions for Enhancing Environmental Water Quality Monitoring Performance According to Quality Monitoring Performance According to

PDCA CyclePDCA Cycle

Periodical and careful maintenance operations for analytical instrument equipmentsRapid response to repairing of the analytical instrument equipments Stock of consumable and reserved itemsAction of SOP (Standard Operation Procedure) for the data controlAction of calibration for analytical monitoring operationIncreased budgeting money for laboratory infrastructure and human-power.Increased budget for laboratory maintenance and infrastructure.Action of periodical training and education for analytical- and environmental chemistry/science.Action of a Round Robin Test to check periodically the respective analytical performance among the public-sector institutions.Easy-accessibility to academic information data-base through internet or e-libraryAdditional Suggestions: Introduction of advanced water quality monitoring methodology

2-31

Suggestions for Introducing Advanced Water Suggestions for Introducing Advanced Water Quality Monitoring Methodology Toward Quality Monitoring Methodology Toward

Future Environmental Monitoring Operation Future Environmental Monitoring Operation at Publicat Public--sector Institutions in Indonesiasector Institutions in Indonesia

2-32

Official Monitoring Methods Authorized Official Monitoring Methods Authorized for Water Quality Monitoringfor Water Quality Monitoring

US-EPA Methods

Standard Methods (Jointly Edited by American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Pollution Control Federation)

JIS Methods (K-0101, K-0102)

Guideline of Japanese Ministry of the Environment

ISO Methods

2-33

Important Water Quality Evaluation Important Water Quality Evaluation ParametersParameters

DO: Dissolved Oxygen

BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand

COD: Chemical Oxygen Demand

TOC: Total Organic Carbon

TSS: Total Suspended Solid

Nutrients: Nitrogen, Phosphorus

Others: Turbidity, Hardness, Alkalinity, Acidity, Chlorophyll-a)

2-34

Concept to be Important for Future Advanced Concept to be Important for Future Advanced Water Quality Monitoring MethodologyWater Quality Monitoring Methodology

Simple and convenient methodHigh speed determinationHighly sensitive detectionSimultaneous determinationOn-site determinationNon-chemical pollutionAutomatic analysisLow-costs determination

2-35

Inside View of a Portable Multifunctional Water Inside View of a Portable Multifunctional Water Quality MonitorQuality Monitor

pH

Turbidity

Conductivity

DO

Temp.

Chlorophyll- a

ORP

Depth

2-36

Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and Simultaneous Monitoring of Anions and CationsCationsUsing a PortableUsing a Portable--type Ion Chromatograph for type Ion Chromatograph for

OnOn--site Water Quality Monitoringsite Water Quality Monitoring

1=SO1=SO4422--, 2=, 2=ClCl--, 3=NO, 3=NO33

--, 4=dip, 5=Na, 4=dip, 5=Na++, , 6=NH6=NH44

++, 7=K, 7=K++ , 8=Mg, 8=Mg2+2+, 9=Ca, 9=Ca2+2+

2-37

Water Quality Evaluation Result of KuroseWater Quality Evaluation Result of Kurose--river river Watershed, HiroshimaWatershed, Hiroshima

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

A B C D E F

Sampling point

Ca2+

Mg2+

K+

NH4+

Na+

NO3-

Cl-

SO42-

Co

ncn

. of

anio

ns

and

cat

ion

s[m

M]

The advanced ion chromatography is extremely useful for water quality monitoring.

2-38

Reference

Special Thanks

•SAPS Team for Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC), Hiroshima University & Mitsubishi Research Institute, Inc. (2007) “Special Assistance for Project Sustainability for The Bapedal Regional Monitoring Capacity Development, Republic of Indonesia, Final Report”

•Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC)

•Ministry of Environment (KLH)

•Environmental Management Center (EMC)

•University of Indonesia

•Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

•Ministry of the Environment (MOE)

2-39

Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

2-40

cases of environmental improvement by capacity...

Documents