bio metrics 1

8/3/2019 Bio Metrics 1

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Definition

Biometrics is the identification or

verification of human identity through themeasurement of repeatable

physiological and behavioralcharacteristics.


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ATMs

Cellular phones

Smart cards

Desktop PCs

Workstations Computer network

PINs and passwords may be forgotten,

Token-based identification methods such

as passports and drivers licenses may be

forged, stolen, or lost.

Why Biometrics ?


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Convenient

Passwords are not user-friendly

Perceived as more secure May actually be more secure

Passive identification


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Biometrics can be sorted into two classes:

Physiological

Examples-face,fingerprints,hand geometryand iris Recognition,dna.

BehavioralExamples-signature and voice.


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Universality: Every person should have thecharacteristic. People who are mute or without afingerprint will need to be accommodated in someway.

Uniqueness: Generally, no two people haveidentical characteristics. However, identical twinsare hard to distinguish.

Permanence: The characteristics should not varywith time. A person's face, for example, maychange with age.


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Performance: The method must deliveraccurate results under varied environmentalcircumstances.

Acceptability: The general public must acceptthe sample collection routines. Nonintrusivemethods are more acceptable.


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Biometric devices consist of a reader orscanning device software that converts

the gathered information into digitalform, and a database that stores thebiometric data with comparison withexisting records.

Enrollment Mode.

Verification Mode.


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Enrollment Mode:

A sample of the biometric trait is captured,processed by a computer, and stored forlater comparison.

Verification Mode:

In this mode biometric system authenticatesa persons claimed identity from theirpreviously enrolled pattern.


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Fingerprint Recognition:

For fingerprint Recognition look at:

Friction ridges.Core

Crossover.

Delta.Island

Ridge Ending.

Pore.


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A live acquisition of apersons fingerprint.

Dots (very small ridges),

Space between two

temporarily divergent

ridges),

Spurs (a notch protruding

from a ridge), Bridges (small ridges joining

two longer adjacent ridges),

crossovers (two ridges that

cross each other).
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.rediris.es/cert/doc/unixsec/fingerprint.png&imgrefurl=http://www.rediris.es/cert/doc/unixsec/node14.html&h=319&w=324&sz=82&tbnid=nsqpgOKmxDkJ:&tbnh=112&tbnw=113&start=17&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dfingerprint%26svnum%3D50%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26sa%3DG


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Hand or finger geometry is an

automated measurement of many

dimensions of the hand and

fingers.

Hand Geometry


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It involves recognizing people by there:

Facial features.

Face geometry.

Principle:

Analysis of unique shape, pattern andpositioning of facial features.


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Voice recognition is not the same asspeech recognition, it is speakerrecognition.

Considered both physiological andbehavioral.

Popular and low-cost, but lessaccurate and sometimes lengthyenrollment.


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Iris:

It is the coloured area of the eye that

surrounds the pupil.

It is a protected internal organ whose

random texture is stable throughout life.

The iris patterns are obtained through a

video-based image acquisition system .


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Iris scanning measures the iris

pattern in the colored part of the

eye.


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Static/Off-line:the conventional way.

Dynamic/On-line:using electronically

instrumented device.

Principle:

The movement of the pen during the

signing process rather than the static imageof the signature.Many aspects of thesignature in motion can be studied, such aspen pressure, the sound the pen makes.


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Optical fingerprintscanner:


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Security personnel look for biometricdata that does not change over the

course of your life; that is, they look forphysical characteristics that stayconstant and that are difficult to fake orchange on purpose.


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Prevent unauthorized access to ATMs,Cellular phones, Smart cards, DesktopPCs, Workstations, Computernetwork.

Criminal identification,prison security.Electronic commerce,Electronic banking.

In automobiles biometrics can replacekeys with keyless entry devices.Airport security,voter cards,civilian

applications.

APPLICATIONS


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Body OdorBody odor can be digitally recordedfor identification. A British company, MastiffElectronic System Ltd. Is working on such a system

DNA MatchingThe is the ultimate biometrictechnology that can produce proof positiveidentification of an individual

Keystroke DynamicsKeystroke dynamics, alsoreferred to as typing rhythms, is an innovativebiometric technology


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Accuracy

Unique data

Automated biometric identification

Protection of identity


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The finger print of those people working in Chemicalindustries are often affected. Therefore these companiesshould not use the finger print mode of authentication.

It is found that with age, the voice of a person differs. Alsowhen the person has flu or throat infection the voicechanges or if there are too much noise in the environmentthis method may not authenticate correctly. Therefore thismethod of verification is not workable all the time

For people affected with diabetes, the eyes get affectedresulting in differences.

Biometrics is an expensive security solution.


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1. All authentication methods are prone to errors.Nevertheless, reliable user authentication must ensure thatan attacker cannot masquerade as a legitimate user.

2.Biometrics is uniquely bound to individuals and may offerorganizations a stronger method of authentication.

3. Biometric systems are not foolproof; they can becompromised by: Submission of another persons biometric

Submission of enrollees biometric with the user underduress or incapacitated

4. A prudent balance between Security and Privacy needs tobe achieved.


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