Biometrics

Overview• What is biometrics ?

• How biometrics system works ?

• Type of biometrics

• Identification & Verification

• Advantages & Disadvantages

• Comparison

• Face Recognization

• Retina Scan

• Fingerprint Recognization

• Iris Recognization

• Signature Recognization

• Application of biometrics

• Some Biometrics Still In Development

• Conclusion

• References

Biometrics

What is Biometrics ?

• The meaning of Biometrics comes from the Greeks. Biometry = bio(life) + metry(to measure).

• Biometrics is the science and technology of measuring and analyzing biological data.

• Biometrics refers to technologies that measure and analyze human body characteristics such as DNA, fingerprints, eye retinas and irises, voice patterns,facial patterns and hand measurments for authentication purposes.

• Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.

Biometrics

How Biometrics Works ?

Biometrics

Types of Biometrics

Physiological Face Fingerprint Hand geometry Retina Iris recognition

Behavioral Signature Voice

Biometrics

A biometric system can operate in two modes

Identification:• A one to many comparison of the captured biometric against a

biometric database in attempt to identify an unknown individual.

Verification:• A one to one comparison of a captured biometric with a stored

template to verify that the individual is who he claims to be. • Verification is faster and performs better.• In a verification, the user must first enter his or her identity to the

biometric system. User ID's can be forgotten and cards can be lost, making access impossible. 

Biometrics

Advantages of Biometrics

• Biometrics are generally used for authentication.

• It provides higher security .e.g. Iris recognition .

• Voice Recognition works well over the telephone

• User friendly

e.g. Hand geometry recognization,

finger print recognition.

Biometrics

Disadvantages of Biometrics

• Retina recognization requires close physical contact of the scanning device, may not be generally accepted by public

• Costly• Voice recognization requires large amount of computer

storage, people's voices can change, background noises can interfere.

• Biometrics features may change over time.• Signature recognization has poor long-term reliability,

accuracy difficult to ensure.

Biometrics

Comparision of Biometrics TypeBiometric Type Accuracy Easy to use User Acceptance

Fingerprint High Medium Low

Hand Geometry Medium High Medium

Voice Medium High High

Retina High Low Low

Iris Medium Medium Medium

Signature Medium Medium High

Face Low High High

Biometrics

Face Recognization

• A facial recognization system is a computer application for automatically identifying or verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame from a video source. One of the ways to do this is by comparing selected facial features from the image and a facial database.

• It is typically used in security systems and can be compared to other biometrics such as fingerprint or eye iris recognition systems.

• Uses an image or series of images either from a camera or photograph to recognize a person.

• Principle: analysis of the unique shape, pattern and positioning of facial features.

• Passive biometrics and does not require a persons cooperation.

• Highly complex technology and largely software based.

Face Recognization (cont…)Biometrics

Retina scan

• It analyzing the layer of blood vessels situated at the back of the eye.

• The machine takes around ten seconds to shine a “low intensity coherent light source” onto the retina to illuminate the blood vessels.

• Once the machine has a copy of the scan, it compares the picture to all the different scans on file, looks for a match, and identifies the individual.

• retina scan machines are fairly expensive.

Biometrics

Fingerprint RecognizationBiometrics

Fingerprint Recognization (cont…)

• A fingerprint in its narrow sense is an impression left by the friction ridges of a human finger.

• Biometrics reffers to that measure and analyze human body characteristics such as fingerprints recognization.

• Fingerprint recognization is possible using the fingerprint scanner.

• A fingerprint scanner has two basic jobs.

• It needs to get an image of your finger.

• It needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and vellys in this image matches pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images.

Biometrics

Fingerprint Recognization (cont…)

Image Acquistition

Template(s)

MatchingFeature Extraction

Image Acquistition

Template(s)

Feature Extraction

A. Enrollment

B. Authentication

Biometrics

Fingerprint Recognization (cont…)

• There are a number of different ways to get an image of somebody’s finger.

• The most common method todays are optical scanning and capacitance scanning.

• The heart of an optical scanner is a charge coupled device (CCD).

• The CCD scanning process strats when you place your finger on a glass plate and a CCD camera takes a picture.

• one of the largest fingerprint recognization system is integrated automated fingerprint identification system, maintained by FBI in the US since 1999.

Biometrics

Advatages of fingerprint Recognization

• Oldest form of Biometrics

• Highly Reliable

• Uses distinctive features of fingers

• High Security access

• Reduce cost

• Instance Report

Biometrics

Disadvatages of fingerprint Recognization

• It is not a right tool for the ones who is work in the Chemical Industries.

• If a person loses his/her fingerprint identity then that person will never be able to use or replace their fingerprint as their identity.

Biometrics

Iris Recognization

• Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of the irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some distance.

• retina scanning, iris recognition uses camera technology with subtle infrared illumination to acquire images of the detail-rich, intricate structures of the iris.

Biometrics

Signature Recognization

• Signature recognition is a behavioural biometric.

• It can be operated in two different ways:

• Static: In this mode, users write their signature on paper, digitize it through an optical scanner or a camera, and the biometric system recognizes the signature analyzing its shape. This group is also known as “off-line”.

• Dynamic: In this mode, users write their signature in a digitizing tablet, which acquires the signature in real time. Another possibility is the acquisition by means of stylus-operated PDAs. Dynamic recognition is also known as “on-line”.

Application

• Criminal identification

• Prison security

• ATM and other Financial Transactions

• PC/LAN Login

• Database access

• Border crossing controls

Biometrics

Some Biometrics Still In Development

• Scent

• Ear Shape

• Finger nail bed

• Facial 3D

 

Biometrics

Conclusion

• Technology is growing rapidly, but at the same time security breaches and transactions frauds are also in the increase world over.

• All agencies including libraries who are in need of security and safety have to adopt biometrics

• Let us hope for safe and secure future.

Biometrics

References• www.biometrics.com

• www.google.com

• www.facerecognization.com

• www.fingerprintscanner.com

• www.irisrecognization.com

Biometrics

Avani & Dharmishtha

That’s all for biometrics…..