bio metrics final

8/8/2019 Bio Metrics Final

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A

SEMINAR

ONBIOMETRICS

GUIDED BY :Prof. Mrs. REKHA JAINProf. Mrs. S.V.CHARHATE

SUBMITTED BY :AKSHAT AGRAWALAB-45007


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CONTENTS

Biometrics Benefits Of Biometrics

How do Biometrics Work

What Makes a Good Biometric?

Types Of Biometrics

Features and Considerations

Why are biometrics secure?

Biometrics in Future

Faqs


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BIOMETRICS

Biometry or biometrics is simply defined asautomatically recognizing a person using distinguishingtraits. Biometric identification uses some unique

physiological or behavioural characteristic, not sharedby any other individual, to positively identify anindividual.


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BENEFITS OF BIOMETRICS

Reliable user authentication is essential. The consequences ofInsecure authentication in a banking or corporate environment

can be catastrophic, with loss of confidential information,money, and compromised data integrity. Many applications ineveryday life also require user authentication including:

physical access control to offices or buildings,

e-commerce, Defense healthcare and border control, etc.


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Currently, the prevailing techniques of userauthentication are linked to passwords, user IDs,identification cards and PINs (personal identificationnumbers). These techniques suffer from severallimitations:

Passwords and PINs can be guessed, stolen. Apassword can be shared, and there is no way for thesystem to know who the actual user is.

Existing user authentication techniques include :

Something you know, e.g. password or PIN. The issue isthat many password are easy to guess, and can also be

easily forgotten.

Something you have, e.g. key or car. They can be lost,stolen or duplicated.


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Biometric devices normally consist of 3 elements: A scanner / reader that captures the user's biometric

characteristics A piece of software that converts this data into digital

form and compares it with data previously recorded A database, which stores the biometric data


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WHAT MAKES A GOOD BIOMETRIC?

Unique

Permanent

Easy to use

Fast

Accurate

Low cost

Positive public perception


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Fingerprints

Fingerprints are the most widely used biometric characteristic

Fingerprints are usually considered to be unique, with no two fingershaving the exact same dermal ridge characteristics.

Fingerprints have been routinely used in the forensics community forover one hundred years. Increasing identity fraud has created agrowing need for biometric technology for person recognition in anumber of non-forensic applications too.

Fingerprint sensors are best for devices such as cell phones, USB flash

drives, notebook computers and other applications where price, size,cost and low power are key requirements. Fingerprint biometricsystems are also used for law enforcement, healthcare and welfare.


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FINGERPRINTS

Features

Long time use proven highaccuracy

General ease and speed of use

Cheap

Small size

Large database alreadyavailable

Considerations

Small % of population havepoor prints due to injury, age,disease, or occupation

Requires physical contact withsensor


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FACIAL RECOGNITION

The dimensions, proportions and

physical attributes of a person's face

are unique.

Biometric facial recognition systems

will measure and analyze the overallstructure, shape and proportions of

the face : Distance between the eyes,

nose, mouth, and jaw edges, etc.

At enrolment, several pictures are taken of the user's face, with

slightly different angles and facial expressions, to allow for moreaccurate matching. For verification and identification, the userstands in front of the camera for a few seconds, and the scan iscompared with the template previously recorded.


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Facial recognition

Features

Can use standard video

cameras

No physical contactrequired

Can be fused with skinbiometrics to enhanceaccuracy

Considerations

Can be affected by

lighting Sometimes affected by

eyeglasses, facial hair, or

expression

Appearance can changeover time


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Measures dimensions of hand, including shape and length of

fingers

Used extensively for physical access control

- All U.S. nuclear power plants- DoD

- Airports

Widely used for employee timekeeping

Camera positioned above and to side

HAND GEOMETRY


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HAND GEOMETRY

Features

Easy to use, fast

High public acceptance Very low Failure to Enroll Rate

Proven over many years of use

Primary applications are physical

access and time/attendance

Rugged

Considerations

Lack of accuracy, so it can only beused for verification

Size of the scanner Fairly expensive, compared with

fingerprint systems

Injuries to hands are fairly

common and would prevent the

hand biometric system from

working properly


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IRIS RECOGNITION

Captures the pattern of the muscles

present at the back part of eye.

Measures up to 266 unique features

Uses near infrared sensor from a

distance of 6 in. to 2 ft.

Popular for facility access and transportation/border

security


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IRIS RECOGNITION

Features

Highly accurate

Very stable over lifetime

Works through glasses and

contacts

No physical contact required

Considerations

Can be affected by some eye

diseases (cataracts)

Not affected by common eye

surgeries

The user must hold still while

the scan is taking place


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Principles of DNA biometrics

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes containing their DNAblueprint. One member of each chromosomal pair comes from theirmother, the other comes from their father. Every cell in a humanbody contains a copy of this DNA.

Benefits of DNA biometric systemsAccurate: the chance of 2 individuals sharing theSame DNA profile is less than one in a hundredbillion

Weaknesses of DNA biometric systems

DNA matching is not done in real-time Intrusive:

Currently takes 12 hours minimum for match

result.

A physical sample must be taken,while other biometric systems

only use an image or a recording.

Identical twins share the same DNA.


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KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS

Also known as typing rhythm or

typing pattern

Analyzes the way a person interacts witha computer keyboard .

Measures variables such as key depression time(duration), latency between keystrokes, inter-keystroke

times, typing error frequency, force keystrokes, etc.


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KEYSTROKE DYNAMICS

Features

No special capture device

required

(low cost)

Leverages existinginfrastructure (hardwareand process)

Text dependent

Considerations

Not suitable for non-touch typists(too inconsistent)

Periodic update (adaptation) oftemplates may be necessary dueto changes over time

Enrollment process somewhatlengthy (15 captures)

Affected by changes in typingpatterns


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SIGNATURE VERIFICAION

Biometric signature recognition systems will measure and analyzethe physical activity of signing, such as the stroke order, the pressureapplied and the speed. Some systems may also compare visualimages of signatures i.e. how it is signed rather than visual, i.e. theimage of the signature.

Benefits of signature biometric systems

While it is easy to copy the image of a signature, it is extremelydifficult to mimic the behavior of signing

Considerations

People may not always sign in a consistent manner. Thus periodicupdate (adaptation) may be necessary due to changes over time .


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Our voices are unique to each person(including twins), and cannot be exactlyreplicated.

Speech includes two components: aphysiological component (the voicetract) and a behavioural component(the accent). It is almost impossible to imitate anyone's voice

perfectly. Voice recognition systems can discriminate between twovery similar voices, including twins.

During enrollment, the user is prompted to repeat a shortparaphrase or a sequence of numbers. The performance of voicerecognition systems may vary depending on the quality of the audiosignal. To prevents the risk of unauthorised access via tape recordings, the

user is asked to repeat random phrases.

VOICE BIOMETRICS


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MULTIMODAL BIOMETRICS

In certain situations, the user might find one form of biometricidentification is not exact enough for identification. This can be thecase with fingerprints, where at least 10% of the population haveworn, cut or unrecognizable prints. Hence the need arises for theuse of multimodal biometrics. This uses a combination of different

biometric recognition technologies.

The benefits of multimodal biometrics

By using more then one means of biometric identification, the

multimodal biometric identifier can retain high threshold

recognition settings. The system administrator can then decide the

level of security he/she requires. For a high security site, they might

require more than one biometric identifiers to recognize the person

or for a lower security site, only one is used. With this methodology,

the probability of accepting an impostor is greatly reduced.


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Why are biometrics secure?

Unique: The probability of 2 people sharing the samebiometric data is virtually nil.

Cannot be shared: Because a biometric property is an

intrinsic property of an individual, it is extremely difficult toduplicate or share (you cannot give a copy of your face oryour hand to someone!).

Cannot be copied: Biometric characteristics are nearlyimpossible to forge or spoof.

Cannot be lost: A biometric property of an individual can be

lost only in case of serious accident.


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BIOMETRICS IN FUTURE

Biometry can sometimes show up in the most unlikely ofplaces. USA Today recently featured a SiemensAutomotive product in an article entitled "Gizmos SteerCars into Future". The fingerprint sensor works by

reading a fingerprint and adjusting the mirrors, seatings,and other controls as well as activating the starter for theautomobile. For those really "bright" thieves that mayconsider stealing the owners finger before theautomobile, the sensor foils their plans. The Siemens

product must also read a small electric pulse present inall living humans to work. This electric pulse would beabsent from a severed finger.....good thinking!


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THANK YOU


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FAQSQ. What is the best biometric technology?

A. There is not one single biometric technology that would be ideal forall applications. Each technology has its own benefits andweaknesses in terms of accuracy, cost, ease of use, intrusiveness, easeof deployment.

Q. Can I ch

ang

emy biom

etrics

?

A. Biological biometrics cannot easily be changed (there have been casesof surgically altered fingerprints), but they can be distiguished. Itmay be possible to change a behavioral biometric.

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