analysis and meaning of samvatsari pratikraman

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Analysis and Meaning of Analysis and Meaning of Samvatsari PratikramanSamvatsari Pratikraman

Anop R. VoraAnop R. VoraRochester, NYRochester, NY

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ContentContent1. 1. Reasons for the presentation & Reasons for the presentation &

GoalsGoals2. Generic Meaning of Pratikraman 2. Generic Meaning of Pratikraman 3. Types of Pratikramans3. Types of Pratikramans4. Different Formats/Traditions4. Different Formats/Traditions5. Six Essentials5. Six Essentials6. Macro Structure6. Macro Structure7. Translation of frequently used 7. Translation of frequently used

Prakrit wordsPrakrit words8. Observations8. Observations9. Acknowledgments9. Acknowledgments10.References10.References

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IntroductionIntroduction Reasons for the PresentationReasons for the Presentation

Performing any ritual without Performing any ritual without understanding its meaning understanding its meaning has a very limited benefit.has a very limited benefit.

Awareness is the key to Awareness is the key to spiritual success.spiritual success.

GoalsGoals To improve understanding of To improve understanding of

the Pratikraman Ritual at the the Pratikraman Ritual at the macro level.macro level.

To help improve one’s To help improve one’s thought pattern and behaviorthought pattern and behavior

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Generic Meaning of Generic Meaning of PratikramanPratikraman

It MeansIt Means To Come BackTo Come Back To retreat from the worldly sinsTo retreat from the worldly sins To get away from the tendency of To get away from the tendency of

Finding Finding fault infault in others, criticizing others others, criticizing others and to develop the habit of self analysis, and to develop the habit of self analysis, self improvement, and introspectionself improvement, and introspection

Repentance/atonementRepentance/atonement

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Types of Types of Pratikramans Pratikramans

Devsi(Evening)Devsi(Evening) Raishi(Morning)Raishi(Morning) Pakkhi (Fortnight)Pakkhi (Fortnight) Chaumasi(4 mos.)Chaumasi(4 mos.) SamvatsariSamvatsari (year)

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Different Formats /TraditionsDifferent Formats /Traditions

Pratikramans composed in Pratikramans composed in Prakrit/Sanskrit/Gujarati/HindiPrakrit/Sanskrit/Gujarati/Hindi

Pratikramans composed in Pratikramans composed in English (JAINA (Narendra English (JAINA (Narendra Sheth), Dr. Surendra Singhavi, Sheth), Dr. Surendra Singhavi, Dr. Mukesh Doshi, Pravin Shah, Dr. Mukesh Doshi, Pravin Shah, Manubhai Doshi)Manubhai Doshi)

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DIGAMBAR TRADITIONDIGAMBAR TRADITION

No special Samvatsari Pratikraman as suchNo special Samvatsari Pratikraman as such Pratikraman performed during DAS LAKSHNA Pratikraman performed during DAS LAKSHNA hashas the following features:the following features: --About 20 to 30 minutes longAbout 20 to 30 minutes long -Not structured, Flexible-Not structured, Flexible -Done individually or collectively-Done individually or collectively -Consists of Namokar Mantra, Few Prayers (Stuties), -Consists of Namokar Mantra, Few Prayers (Stuties), and and Alochana Path (miniature version of Atichar) Alochana Path (miniature version of Atichar)

-Used to be done in Prakrit in the old days; now done -Used to be done in Prakrit in the old days; now done in Hindi in Hindi

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KANJI SWAMI TRADITIONKANJI SWAMI TRADITION No special Samvatsari Pratikraman as suchNo special Samvatsari Pratikraman as such Pratikraman performed during DAS LAKSHNA Pratikraman performed during DAS LAKSHNA

has the following features:has the following features: - About 90 minutes long (Devsi about 1 hour, - About 90 minutes long (Devsi about 1 hour, no no Raishi) Raishi) - Structured - Structured - Composed by Himatbhai Pandit about 50 - Composed by Himatbhai Pandit about 50 years agoyears ago - Does not have long sutras such as Atichar, - Does not have long sutras such as Atichar, Vandittu, Vandittu, Ajit Shanti, or Brahat Shanti Ajit Shanti, or Brahat Shanti - No large Kausagg either- No large Kausagg either - Consists of Shrimad Rajachandra’s writings - Consists of Shrimad Rajachandra’s writings such as such as APURVA AVASAR, ATMA APURVA AVASAR, ATMA SIDDHI STANZAS, SIDDHI STANZAS, LETTER OF SIX PADAS plus LETTER OF SIX PADAS plus stanzas fromstanzas from SamaysarSamaysar - - DONE IN GUJARATI OR HINDIDONE IN GUJARATI OR HINDI

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Shrimad Rajchandra TraditionShrimad Rajchandra Tradition· Samvatsari Pratikraman: 2 ½ hours long, Daily Samvatsari Pratikraman: 2 ½ hours long, Daily Pratikraman: 1 hrPratikraman: 1 hr· Samvatsari Pratikraman has following features:· Samvatsari Pratikraman has following features:

- - StructuredStructured· · - Called BHAV PRATIKRAMAN, Composed by - Called BHAV PRATIKRAMAN, Composed by Shrimad Shrimad Rajachandra Gyanmandir Trust Rajachandra Gyanmandir Trust in easy Gujaratiin easy Gujarati· · - Structured around 6 essentials- Structured around 6 essentials· · - Does not have long sutras such as Vandittu, - Does not have long sutras such as Vandittu, Ajit Shanti, or Ajit Shanti, or Brahat Shanti Brahat Shanti· · - Atichar recomposed- Atichar recomposed· · - Includes songs and KHSHMAPANA PATH - Includes songs and KHSHMAPANA PATH composed by composed by ShrimadShrimad· · - Includes Maitri Bhavnu Pavitra.., Ratnakar - Includes Maitri Bhavnu Pavitra.., Ratnakar Pachchishi etc.Pachchishi etc.

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STHANKAVASI TRADITIONSTHANKAVASI TRADITION Samvatsari Pratikraman about 2 hours long:Samvatsari Pratikraman about 2 hours long:- - StructuredStructured- Does not have long sutras such as Ajit - Does not have long sutras such as Ajit Shanti and Brahat Shanti.Shanti and Brahat Shanti.- Does have Atichar (different version) and - Does have Atichar (different version) and large Kausagg.large Kausagg.- Contains six essentials too.- Contains six essentials too.- Uses Tikkuto in place of Vandana for - Uses Tikkuto in place of Vandana for salutation to Acharayas and Sadhussalutation to Acharayas and Sadhus- Uses several sutras in place of Vandittu to - Uses several sutras in place of Vandittu to include ANUVRATAS, GUNVRATAS AND include ANUVRATAS, GUNVRATAS AND SHIKSHAVRATASSHIKSHAVRATAS- Done in Prakrit and in Gujarati or Hindi- Done in Prakrit and in Gujarati or Hindi

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TERAPANTHI TRADITIONTERAPANTHI TRADITION Very similar to STHANKAVASI traditon:· - Samvatsari Pratikraman or Pakkhi or daily Pratikraman-each 48 minutes long· - Structured· - Revised by Acharya Tulsiji · - Does not have long sutras such as Ajit Shanti and Brahat Shanti.· - Does have Atichar (different version) and large Kausagg. · - Contains six essentials too.· - Uses Tikkuto in place of Vandana for salutation to Acharaya and Sadhus· - Uses several sutras in place of Vandittu to include ANUVRATAS, - GUNVRATAS AND SHIKSHAVRATAS · - Mainly in prakrit; only 12 Vratas and Atichar are in Hindi

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SWETETAMBER MURTIPUJAK SWETETAMBER MURTIPUJAK TRADITIONTRADITION

- Samvatsari Pratikraman about 3 hours - Samvatsari Pratikraman about 3 hours long long - Structured - Structured

- Has long sutras such as Saklarhat, Atichar, Ajit - Has long sutras such as Saklarhat, Atichar, Ajit Shanti and Brahat Shanti. Shanti and Brahat Shanti.

- Does have a large Kausagg. - Does have a large Kausagg. - Contains six essentials.- Contains six essentials. - Some of the sutras repeated many times.- Some of the sutras repeated many times. - Uses of Vandana for salutation to - Uses of Vandana for salutation to Acharayas and Acharayas and Sadhus Sadhus

- Performed in Prakrit (90%), Sanskrit (5%) and in - Performed in Prakrit (90%), Sanskrit (5%) and in Gujarati (5%) Gujarati (5%)

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Six Essentials Six Essentials SamayikSamayik

A process to obtain serenity, tranquillity, and mental A process to obtain serenity, tranquillity, and mental equanimityequanimity

ChauvvisanthoChauvvisantho Offering our prayers to 24 TirthankarsOffering our prayers to 24 Tirthankars

VandanaVandana Salutation to saints and monks to develop humilitySalutation to saints and monks to develop humility

PratikramanPratikraman To repent the sins already committed and be careful that To repent the sins already committed and be careful that

they are not repeated in the futurethey are not repeated in the future KayotsargKayotsarg

To be engrossed in the observation and analysis of one’s To be engrossed in the observation and analysis of one’s soul and forgetting one’s physical bodysoul and forgetting one’s physical body

PratyakhyanPratyakhyan To take a vow to abstain from certain activitiesTo take a vow to abstain from certain activities

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Macro StructureMacro Structure

DevsiDevsi BeginBegin

Samayik Samayik BeginningBeginning SamvatasariSamvatasari

Devsi Devsi EndEnd

SamayikSamayikEndingEnding

Guru Guru VandanaVandana

PachchakkhaPachchakkhann

ChaityavandaChaityavandann

AticharAticharVandittu (2)Vandittu (2)

Long KausaggLong Kausagg

Ajit ShantiAjit ShantiBrahat ShantiBrahat ShantiSantikaramSantikaram

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Steps Before Beginning of DevsiSteps Before Beginning of Devsi Procedure to initiate Samayik (7 Sutras)..1st Procedure to initiate Samayik (7 Sutras)..1st

EssentialEssential Muhpatti & Guru Vandana (Salutation to Guru)Muhpatti & Guru Vandana (Salutation to Guru) Pachkhhan (Vow not to drink and/or eat) ..2nd Pachkhhan (Vow not to drink and/or eat) ..2nd

EssentialEssential Chaityavandan (11 Sutras) Salutation to temples, Chaityavandan (11 Sutras) Salutation to temples,

idols, monks, tirthankars & siddhasidols, monks, tirthankars & siddhas Namutthunam (Prayer by Indra, describes divine Namutthunam (Prayer by Indra, describes divine

qualities of Arihantas)qualities of Arihantas)

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Samayik (7 Sutras)Samayik (7 Sutras)It is a process to attain mental

equanimity

Navkar Mantra PanchindiyaEriyavahiyam Tass UttariAnnath KausaggLogaass (Muhapatti)Karemi Bhante 3 Navkar Mantras

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MuhpattiMuhpatti

Unfolded Muhapatti

Right Knowledge

Right Conduct Self Control

Right Perception

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Guru VandanaGuru Vandana

1. Ichhami Khamasamano

2. Navkar Mantra

3. Muhpatti

4.Vandana

Oh, forgiving guru, I ask for your pardon for the faults that have occurred and mistakes committed.

I will refrain from all unwholesome acts on account of negative thoughts, rude word or improper physical action.

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PachakkhanPachakkhanSure UggayeSure Uggaye Those who haveThose who have not taken food or water for not taken food or water for Chau ViharChau Vihar 24 hours 24 hours

PanaharPanahar Those who haveThose who have taken only water and/or food taken only water and/or food once or twice within 24 hoursonce or twice within 24 hours

Chau ViharChau Vihar Those who are pledging not toThose who are pledging not to taketake food or food or water at nightwater at night

Ti ViharTi Vihar Those who are pledging notThose who are pledging not to taketo take food but food but only water at nightonly water at night

Du ViharDu Vihar Those who are pledging to take only water and Those who are pledging to take only water and mouth refreshers at nightmouth refreshers at night

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Chaitya Vandan (11 Sutras)Chaitya Vandan (11 Sutras)Ichhami KhamasamanoIchhami Khamasamano

Sakal Kushal ValliSakal Kushal Valli Saklahart*Saklahart*

JankinchiJankinchi NammuthunumNammuthunum

Arihant Chaiyanam, Annath, Kausagg, Arihant Chaiyanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya*Snatsya* 1 1stst Stanza Stanza

Logass, Arihant Chaiyanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 2Logass, Arihant Chaiyanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 2ndnd StanzaStanza

Pukkhar Vardi Vaddhe, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 3rd Stanza Pukkhar Vardi Vaddhe, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 3rd Stanza

Siddhanam Budhhanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 4th StanzaSiddhanam Budhhanam, Annath, Kausagg, Snatsya 4th Stanza

NammuthunamNammuthunam *Both in Sanskrit*Both in Sanskrit

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Saklarhat Saklarhat Composed in Sanskrit by Hemchandrasuri Composed in Sanskrit by Hemchandrasuri about 900 years agoabout 900 years agoPrayer for all 24 TirthankarasPrayer for all 24 TirthankarasDescribes the virtues of lords. It is full of Describes the virtues of lords. It is full of metaphors.metaphors.Most popular stanzas are:Most popular stanzas are:For praying Parswanath: Kamthe For praying Parswanath: Kamthe Dharanendra cha..Dharanendra cha..For praying Mahaviraswami: Virah Sarva For praying Mahaviraswami: Virah Sarva Surendra Mahito…Surendra Mahito…

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NammuthunamNammuthunam

This sutra offers respect & salutations to Tirthankaras. It is also called Shakrastav (Prayer by Indra). The virtuous souls are described as

Self Enlightened Supreme As pure as Lotus

Bestower of True Vision Pioneers of religion

Guides to the religious path Saviors of souls

Having reached a state where rebirth is ruled out

PLUS HAVING MANY OTHER DIVINE ATTRIBUTES

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Pukkharvar DivaddhePukkharvar DivaddheScripture Worship Sutra. Has 4 stanzas:Scripture Worship Sutra. Has 4 stanzas:

1.1. I bow down to the Tirthankaras who initiated the I bow down to the Tirthankaras who initiated the religious scripturesreligious scriptures

2.2. I pay respect to scriptures.I pay respect to scriptures.

3.3. Putting the scriptural message in practice eliminates Putting the scriptural message in practice eliminates pain and suffering.pain and suffering.

4.4. Let Jain religion spread more & let greater number of Let Jain religion spread more & let greater number of people practice the religion.people practice the religion.

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DevsiDevsiBeginBegin


Devsi Devsi EndEnd



PachkhhanPachkhhanChaityavandaChaityavanda

nn




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Devsi Pratikraman..BeginningDevsi Pratikraman..Beginning Beginning of Devsi Pratikraman (7 Sutras)Beginning of Devsi Pratikraman (7 Sutras)

-Savvasavi Devasiya, Duchintiya-Savvasavi Devasiya, Duchintiya-Karemi Bhante-Karemi Bhante -Ichchami Thami Kausaggam-Ichchami Thami Kausaggam-Tass Uttari-Tass Uttari -Annath-Annath -Kausagg-Kausagg

3rd Essential Muhpatti and Vandana 3rd Essential Muhpatti and Vandana Atichar Alochana (3 Sutras)Atichar Alochana (3 Sutras)

-Ichchami Thami Kausaggam -Satlakh-Ichchami Thami Kausaggam -Satlakh- 18 Papasthanaks- 18 Papasthanaks

Vandittu (plus 3 other sutras)..4th EssentialVandittu (plus 3 other sutras)..4th Essential

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Ichchami Thami KausaggamIchchami Thami KausaggamI desire to do Kausagga, by remaining at one I desire to do Kausagga, by remaining at one place, for the sins I have committed during place, for the sins I have committed during the day, which is not worth doing, which is the day, which is not worth doing, which is against the holy scriptures, which is against against the holy scriptures, which is against the path of Jainism; or for foul contemplation the path of Jainism; or for foul contemplation and foul ponderance which is neither and foul ponderance which is neither desirable nor worth doing by a JAIN.desirable nor worth doing by a JAIN.Pertaining to knowledge, true faith, holy Pertaining to knowledge, true faith, holy principles, limited vows of Jain, three types of principles, limited vows of Jain, three types of Gupti (thought, word and deed), four types of Gupti (thought, word and deed), four types of Kashay (anger, pride, deception, and greed) Kashay (anger, pride, deception, and greed) in Samayik, five anuvrats, three Gunvrats, in Samayik, five anuvrats, three Gunvrats, four Shikshavrats of those twelve Shravak’s four Shikshavrats of those twelve Shravak’s duties whatever breach is committed, duties whatever breach is committed, whatever contradictory has been done, may whatever contradictory has been done, may those sins be pardoned and dissolved.those sins be pardoned and dissolved.

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18 Papasthanaks(Wordly 18 Papasthanaks(Wordly Sins)Sins)

ViolenceViolence Telling liesTelling lies StealingStealing Sensual PassionsSensual Passions PossessivenessPossessivenessAngerAngerArroganceArrogance Deception Deception GreedGreed

Craving Craving AversionAversionQuarrel Quarrel Allegation Allegation Gossip Gossip

Affection and Disaffection in worldly mattersAffection and Disaffection in worldly mattersCriticismCriticism To lie maliciouslyTo lie maliciously

To trust wrong god, guru, or religionTo trust wrong god, guru, or religion

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12 vows of a Jain 12 vows of a Jain (In Vandittu Sutra)(In Vandittu Sutra)

Five Anuvratas (small vows)Five Anuvratas (small vows) Non violenceNon violence TruthTruth Non stealingNon stealing Limited CelibacyLimited Celibacy Non possessivenessNon possessiveness

Three Gunavratas (Auxiliary vows)Three Gunavratas (Auxiliary vows) Distance limitations in all dealingsDistance limitations in all dealings Limits on consumption & type of occupationLimits on consumption & type of occupation Reduction of avoidable violenceReduction of avoidable violence

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12 vows of a Jain …contd12 vows of a Jain …contd

Four Shikshavratas (Disciplinary vows)Four Shikshavratas (Disciplinary vows) To remain in self control during SamayikTo remain in self control during Samayik Additional limits on travel for a limited periodAdditional limits on travel for a limited period Practicing the life of monk for a dayPracticing the life of monk for a day Sharing with guests and monksSharing with guests and monks

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Stanza on ForgivenessStanza on Forgiveness49th stanza of Vandittu Sutra

I forgive all souls. May all souls forgive me. I have friendship with every one. I have no animosity towards any one.

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Beginning of Samvatsari Beginning of Samvatsari

PratikramanPratikraman

- Samvatasari Muhpatti, Vandana (2)- Samvatasari Muhpatti, Vandana (2)- Abbhutthio Sutra & - Abbhutthio Sutra & Ichhami Thami KausaggamIchhami Thami Kausaggam

- Atichar- Atichar- Samvatsari Tap (Fasting & Meditation)- Samvatsari Tap (Fasting & Meditation)- Samvatsari Sutra (or 2nd Vandittu in the - Samvatsari Sutra (or 2nd Vandittu in the

absence of live Guru)absence of live Guru)

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AticharAtichar•Written in Old GujaratiWritten in Old Gujarati•Expands 3 Sutras in detailExpands 3 Sutras in detail

Nanammi a Dansamiya (Panchachar Nanammi a Dansamiya (Panchachar Sutra)Sutra)

VandittuVandittu18 Papasthanks18 Papasthanks

•Contains a detailed list of do’s and don’ts Contains a detailed list of do’s and don’ts expected of a true Jain.expected of a true Jain.•Great composition on repentence and Great composition on repentence and atonementatonement

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Suadevia Bhagvai SutraSuadevia Bhagvai Sutra Samvatsari Samvatsari VandittuVandittu Long Kausagg Long Kausagg (Extended Meditation –161 Navkars)(Extended Meditation –161 Navkars) Abbhutthio SutraAbbhutthio Sutra Samvatsari KhamnaSamvatsari Khamna

End of Samvatsari PratikramanEnd of Samvatsari Pratikraman

Samvatsari Samvatsari Pratikraman..ContdPratikraman..Contd

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Devsi Devsi EndEnd




nn




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Abbhutthio Sutra (Asking for forgiveness for Abbhutthio Sutra (Asking for forgiveness for any disrespect to Guru)any disrespect to Guru)

Kausagg ( Meditation) ..5th EssentialKausagg ( Meditation) ..5th Essential(Important Sutras: Pukkharvar Divaddhe and (Important Sutras: Pukkharvar Divaddhe and Siddhanam Buddhnam)Siddhanam Buddhnam)

Pachchkkhan…6th Essential MuhpattiPachchkkhan…6th Essential Muhpatti(Important Sutra: Sansardava)(Important Sutra: Sansardava)

AjitshantiAjitshanti Vandana Vandana KausaggKausagg SajjhaySajjhay Brahat ShantiBrahat Shanti SantikaramSantikaram

Resumption of Devsi Resumption of Devsi

PratikramanPratikraman

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SansardavaSansardava

Stanza-1: Prayer to Lord Mahavira

Stanza-2: Worship all Tirthankaras

Stanza-3: Pay respect to Scriptures

Stanza-4: Pay respect to SHRUTDEVI (GODDESS OF KNOWLEDGE)

Note: Last 3 lines were composed and are therefore sung by Sangh.

Composed by Haribhadrasuri about 1400 yrs. ago

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Ajit ShantiAjit ShantiIt is a devotional song in Prakrit Language for It is a devotional song in Prakrit Language for Lord Ajitnath and Shantinath together. Lord Ajitnath and Shantinath together. It was composed by Nandishan Muni when he It was composed by Nandishan Muni when he visited Palitana. When he saw the beautiful visited Palitana. When he saw the beautiful temples of Lord Ajitnath and Shantinath side temples of Lord Ajitnath and Shantinath side by side, he was moved and inspired to by side, he was moved and inspired to compose this song. compose this song. It is full of praise and metaphors for both It is full of praise and metaphors for both Tirthankaras.Tirthankaras.

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Brahat ShantiBrahat ShantiComposed in Sanskrit by Shri Shantisuri about Composed in Sanskrit by Shri Shantisuri about 1000 yrs. ago. 1000 yrs. ago. Recited during many rituals.Recited during many rituals.Supposed to bring peace, prosperity and Supposed to bring peace, prosperity and harmony in one’s life.harmony in one’s life.It says: Let Arihantas, Sadhus, heavenly gods It says: Let Arihantas, Sadhus, heavenly gods and goddesses, friends and relatives be and goddesses, friends and relatives be helpful in gaining peace and prosperity.helpful in gaining peace and prosperity.Concluding Stanza:Concluding Stanza:Let all people be happy; let all people be Let all people be happy; let all people be helpful to each other; let all faults and helpful to each other; let all faults and mistakes vanish and let all people live happily.mistakes vanish and let all people live happily.

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Procedure to Finish Samayik (14 Procedure to Finish Samayik (14 Sutras)Sutras)(The ritual ends with forgiveness for (The ritual ends with forgiveness for any faults any faults committed while committed while performing it.)performing it.)

End of SamayikEnd of Samayik

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Devsi Devsi EndEnd




nnNammuthunaNammuthuna

mm




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Translation of frequently Translation of frequently used Prakrit wordsused Prakrit words

Koha, Mana, Maya, LobhaKoha, Mana, Maya, Lobha Asanam, Panam, Khaimam, SaimamAsanam, Panam, Khaimam, Saimam Na Karemi, Na KaravemiNa Karemi, Na Karavemi Nan, Dansan, Charitta, Samai, GuttiNan, Dansan, Charitta, Samai, Gutti cha, pi, a cha, pi, a Vandami, Nindami, GarihamiVandami, Nindami, Garihami Mansa, Vayasa, KayasaMansa, Vayasa, Kayasa Matthaen VandamiMatthaen Vandami

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ObservationsObservations

Repetition of sutras several timesRepetition of sutras several times Detailed description of code of conduct-Detailed description of code of conduct-

activities have changed, motives have activities have changed, motives have not.not.

Effective way to purify one selfEffective way to purify one self Religion principles are weaved into daily Religion principles are weaved into daily

life. Religion is not just an abstractionlife. Religion is not just an abstraction.

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Observations..contdObservations..contd Jain prayers are decidedly not for wealth,

power, fame or other worldly things. Emphasis on humility, introspection, and

forgiveness and other divine qualities*******************************

MICHHA MI DUKKADAM(I BEG YOUR FORGIVENESS.)

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AcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgmentsAcknowledgments Gurudev ChitrabhanuGurudev Chitrabhanu Samaniji Akshypragyaji Samaniji Akshypragyaji Pravin Shah, Dr.Mukesh Doshi, Dr.Prem Pravin Shah, Dr.Mukesh Doshi, Dr.Prem

Gada, Dr.Vinay Jain, Dr. Pandya, Gada, Dr.Vinay Jain, Dr. Pandya, Hasmukh Shah/Subash Sheth, Hasmukh Shah/Subash Sheth, ReferencessReferencess

Dilip Mehta, Anish & Samir Mehta Dilip Mehta, Anish & Samir Mehta

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ReferencesReferences

Prabodh Tika, Bhadrankvijayji & Kalyanprabhvijayji Prabodh Tika, Bhadrankvijayji & Kalyanprabhvijayji MuniMuniShri Samayik Pratikraman Sutra (Dr. Nilesh Vora, Shri Samayik Pratikraman Sutra (Dr. Nilesh Vora, 1985) 1985) Pratikraman (Sambhav Kumar-JMIC) Pratikraman (Sambhav Kumar-JMIC) Pratikraman (JAINA 1992)Pratikraman (JAINA 1992)Pratikraman Meditation (Dr.Surendra Sanghavi, Pratikraman Meditation (Dr.Surendra Sanghavi, 1998)1998)Pratikraman Ritual for YJA (Pravin K Shah-2001)Pratikraman Ritual for YJA (Pravin K Shah-2001)Pratikraman Ritual (Manubhai Doshi 2001)Pratikraman Ritual (Manubhai Doshi 2001)

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analysis and meaning of samvatsari pratikraman

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generic meaning of pratikraman

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