3. qua vadis ... solehuddin (april 2011)

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YWI UIFHT HNFGPGNFGNTH IFUJCIV

FIAIO THTVGO PG\IFHAIN FH HNFJNGTHI

TjagmwffhnEicwavit Mwcwo Wnhug|thvit Lmixinbci|i Tw|ilixi

g/oiha; @boiha.djo

ILITV\IC

Ifujciv ifiaim tglwim p|jegth vg|mj|oiv -jeehgo njlhag(. Fiaio cjnvgct pgngbicin mwcwo! ifujciv

og|wpicin libhin xinb owvaic mi|wt ifi fiaio ognkiaincin vwbit fin p|jegthnxi fgoh vgbicnxi cgifhain

lg|fiti|cin mwcwo wnvwc cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|iciv pgndi|h cgifhain - kwtvmlgago(. Tglwim ewnbth xinb

tinbiv pjcjc fiaio p|jtgt pgndi|hin kivh fh|h ngbi|i mwcwo Hnfjngthi.

Civi Cwndh; Ywj uifht! Hnfgpgnfgnth! Ifujciv! thtvgo pg|ifhain

ILTV\IDV Ifujdivg ht in mjnj|ilag p|jegtthjn -jeehgo njlhag! j| oihn(. Hn vmg djnvg}v je air gnej|dgognv!

ifujdivg ht vmg pi|v vmiv iltjawvgax owtv miug hn di||xhnb jwv hvt fwvhgt inf p|jegtthjn ej| vmg ticg je

kwtvhdg wnfg| vmg air ej| vmg pwlahd hnvg|gtv kwtvhdg tggcg|t -kwtvmlgago(. I ug|x lithd ewndvhjn hn vmg tgi|dm

p|jdgtt hfgnvhvx je Hnfjngthin air.

Cgxrj|ft; Ywj uifht! Hnfgpgnfgndg! Ifujdivg! vmg kwfhdhia txtvgo

PGNFIMWAWIN

Tiaim tivw vwnvwvin |gej|oith tgkic vimwn

988= fh Hnfjngthi! wnvwc ognbivith c|htht owavh

fhognth ifiaim og|gej|oith mwcwo xinb vg|ejcwt

pifi oitiaim pgngbicin mwcwo. Niown tinbiv

fhtixinbcin tgvgaim tgpwawm vimwn |gej|oith lg|aiaw mhnbbi chnh oitiaim pgngbicin mwcwo

lgawo kwbi ogniopiccin mitha xinb thbnhehcin

tgtwih vwkwinnxi xihvw ogndhpvicin oitxi|iciv

xinb tgkimvg|i! ifha fin oicow| tglibihoini xinb

fhdhvi/dhvicin fiaio p|jcaioith 9867. Lg|ai|wv/

ai|wvnxi pgnxgagtihin c|htht owavh fhognth tiaim

tivwnxi fhtglilcin jagm vg|kifhnxi cgcidiwin

mwcwo - kwfhdhia fhti||ix( xinb ognwnvwv wnvwc

tgbg|i fhaicwcin |gej|oith fiaio lhfinb mwcwo

fgnbin ogaicwcin pg|wlimin fin pgolimi|win

vjvia vg|mifip tgaw|wm thtvgo mwcwo -agbia txtvgo(fin pgngbicin mwcwo -air gnej|dgognv (! vg|wvioi

vg|mifip agolibi fin ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo chvi

tgpg|vh micho! kicti! pjahth fin ifujciv. -Pitia 9

Lwvh| 9 fin < WW Nj. 9= Vimwn <004(.

Tglibih cjntgcwgnth ifinxi |gej|oith vg|tglwv

vgaim vg|kifh lglg|ipi ciah pg|wlimin vg|mifip

WWF 9867 -9888/<00<( xinb ogoliri pg|wlimin

lgti| fiaio thtvgo cgvivingbi|iin Hnfjngthi! lihc

fiaio pgagolibiin cgcwitiin agbhtaivhe! gctgcwvhe!

oiwpwn xwfhthia -cgcwitiin cgmichoin(. Lg|libih

pg|tjiain xinb ogolgahv gcthtvgnth cgcwitiincgmichoin tglibihoini fhpipi|cin fh ivit ognkifh

tiaim tivw ibgnfi pgnvhnb |gej|oith! tgmhnbbi pifi

pg|wlimin WWF 9867! -Ilf. Owcmvhg Eifki|! <008;

<5(! Pitia/pitia xinb ognbivw| vgnvinb cgcwitiin

cgmichoin ognbiaioh pg|wlimin xinb dwcwp

thbnhehcin.

Ichliv fi|h pg|wlimin pgnbivw|in cgcwitiin

cgmichoin fiaio WWF 9867! oici vgaimfhcgawi|cin lglg|ipi wnfinb/wnfinb xinb vg|cihv

fgnbin cgcwitiin cgmichoin tiaim tivwnxi ifiaim

WW Nj. 9= vimwn <004 Vgnvinb Ifujciv. -Ilf.

Owcmvhg Eifki|! <008; <5(

Tiaim tivw agolibi xinb ogohahch pg|inin xinb

tinbiv w|bgn fin owvaic fhpg|awcin fiaio tv|wcvw|

ngbi|i ojfg|n fin ogrifimh tiaim tivw cjopjngn

fiaio ngbi|i mwcwo ifiaim cgcwitiin cgmichoin

xinb lglit! oinfh|h fin lg|vinbbwnb kiril.

Cgcwitiin cgmichoin lg|ewnbth tglibih agolibi

pgnbjnv|ja vg|mifip pgaictiniin mwcwo fiaiongbi|i mwcwo. Tgfgohchin pgnvhnbnxi agolibi

cjnv|ja vg|mifip lg|aicwnxi mwcwo hnh tgmhnbbi

owvaic fhpg|awcin twivw agolibi cgcwitiin

cgmichoin xinb vhfic minxi tgcgfi| ifi! ogohahch

eithahvit xinb fhpg|awcin! oiopw ognxgagtihcin

pg|ci|i xinb owndwa! niown aglhm fi|h hvw kwbi

mi|wt lg|txi|ivcin tglwim p|gfhciv xinb lg|thm

fin lg|rhliri fiaio |inbci wnvwc ogrwkwfcin

pgngbicin mwcwo fin cgifhain. -Ia Rhtnjl|jvj!

9882; 56(.

Cgcwitiin cgmichoin xinb lglit fi|h tgbiaidiopw| vinbin fin pgnbi|wm fi|h awi|! ogog|awcin

p|jegth ifujciv. P|jegth ifujciv ifiaim p|jegth

Ywi Uifht Hnfgpgnfgnth Ifujciv fiaio Thtvgo Pg|ifhain fh Hnfjngthi



85

P G\TPGCVHE Ujawog ]UH Nj. < Vimwn <099 Gfhth Ip|ha

xinb lglit! oinfh|h! fin lg|vinbbwnb kiril! wnvwc

vg|tgagnbbi|inxi twivw pg|ifhain xinb kwkw|! ifha!

fin ogohahch cgpitvhin mwcwo libh tgowi pgndi|h

cgifhain fiaio ogngbiccin mwcwo! cglgni|in! cg/

ifhain! fin mic itith oinwthi.Vinvinbin lgti| xinb vg|wt ogolixinbh

pg|cgolinbin ifujciv fh Hnfjngthi ifiaim wpixi

ogngopivcin cgfwfwcin! ewnbth fin cgrgninbin

ifujciv xinb vgpiv fiaio hnvg|icthnxi fgnbin

oitxi|iciv oiwpwn ngbi|i. Hfgianxi fiaio

mwlwnbin vholia liahc vg|tglwv oitxi|iciv icin

ogolg|hcin agbhvhoith lg|wpi cgpg|dixiin

ivit kinkh pwlahc xinb fhnxivicin ifujciv

fiaio ognbwpixicin cgpitvhin! cgifhain fin

cgoineiivin. Tgognvi|i fh thth aihn! ngbi|i icin

ogoitvhcin vg|kiohnnxi cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|icivfiaio ognxgagnbbi|icin thtvgo pg|ifhain! xinb

kwbi lg|i|vh ognxgfhicin xw|htfhcth libh ifujciv

ibi| oiopw ogognwmh kinkhnxi cgpifi pwlahc.

-Lhn{hif Cifieh! <00<; 9(

Fiaio ngbi|i mwcwo! cglg|ifiin! cgfwfwcin!

ewnbth fin cgrgninbin ifujciv fhpg|awcin fiaio

mwlwnbinnxi fgnbin p|jtgt pgngbicin mwcwo!

vg|oitwc hcwv infha fiaio ognkiohn mic tgtgj|inb

xinb pg|aw fhpg|mivhcin fin ibi| vhfic fhilihcin!

tgmhnbbi tgtgj|inb xinb fhvwnvwv phfini iviw

fhbwbiv lg|mic fin fipiv fhfiophnbh ifujciv ibi| cgpgnvhnbinnxi fipiv fhlgai tgdi|i xw|hfht fgnbin

ogopg|mivhcin mic/mic i{ithnxi. -E|int Mgnf|i

Rhnivi! 9887; <5(. Ogaiawh kiti mwcwo xinb

fhlg|hcin! Ifujciv ognkiaincin vwbit p|jegthnxi

fgoh vgbicnxi cgifhain lg|fiti|cin mwcwo wnvwc

cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|iciv pgndi|h cgifhain! vg|oitwc

wtimi ogolg|fixicin oitxi|iciv fiaio ognxifi|h

mic/mic ewnfiognvia og|gci fh fgpin mwcwo.

Ifujciv tglibih tiaim tivw wntw| thtvgo pg|ifhain

og|wpicin tiaim tivw phai| fiaio ogngbiccin

twp|goith mwcwo fin mic itith oinwthi.

Cglg|ifiin ifujciv fh Hnfjngthi fhiriah

tgkic {ioin Cjajnhia -Mhnfhi Lgainfi(! \gujawth

Cgog|fgciin! Fgojc|ith Vg|phophn! J|fg Li|w!

mhnb/bi tgci|inb hnh. Tglibihoini mianxi fh vinim

kikimin aihnnxi! cgifujcivin Hnfjngthi ogohahch

lgnvwc vhfic tgpg|vh Ifujciv xinb lg|itia fi|h

j|inb/j|inb Lgainfi fin vhfic tgpgnwmnxi iltim

fi/aio pg|mivhin pgnkikimin Lgainfi. Pgnbivw|in

ifujciv pifi pgog|hnvimin cjajnhia fhvhvhc lg|ivcin

pifi pg|inin cgmgnfic gctgcwvhe lwcin cgmgnfic

mwcwo hvw tgnfh|h! mia hnh og|wpicin ojnjpjah libh

pgog|hnvimin Mhnfhi Lgainfi xinb ogolg|h tgfhchvbg|ic libh vwolwmnxi ifujciv p|hlwoh. Ifujciv

Hnfjngthi xinb pg|vioi ifiaim O|. Lgti| Oi|vj

Cwtwoj xinb oitwc fiain \gdmvmjdgtmjja vimwn

9808. -Finhga T Agu! <000; 4<7/440(.

Ifujciv ifiaim tglwim p|jegth vg|mj|oiv

-jeehdwo njlhag( xinb fiaio ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi lg|ifi fh lirim pg|ahnfwnbin

mwcwo! wnfinb/wnfinb fin cjfg gvhc! ogohahch

cglglitin xinb fhfiti|cin cgpifi cgmj|oivin

fin cgp|hlifhin Ifujciv xinb lg|pgbinb vgbwm

cgpifi cgoinfh|hin! cgkwkw|in! cg|imithiin fin

cgvg|lwciin. Ifujciv tgaicw pgngbic mwcwo

tgkiki| fgnbin pgngbic mwcwo aihn tgpg|vh kicti!

pjahth! oiwpwn micho fh fiaio ognkwnkwnb vhnbbh

twp|goith mwcwo! jagm ci|gni hvw tivw tioi aihnnxi

mi|wt tiahnb ognbmi|bih invi|i vgoin tgkiriv fin

kwbi invi|i pgngbic mwcwo aihnnxiIfujciv tglibih wntw| ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo

fh Hnfjngthi pg|inin vhfic pg|aw aibh fh|ibwcin!

lihc pifi oiti tglgawo iviwpwn tgtwfim Hnfjngthi

og|fgci. Pg|kiainin tgki|im Ifujciv xinb pinkinb

fh Hnfjngthi vgaim ogolwcvhcin limri ifujciv

vgaim ogoihncin pg|innxi xinb vhfic cgdha fiaio

ogrwkwfcin pgngbicin mwcwo xinb ifha fin

lg|rhliri! cgnfivhpwn tglgawo g|i |gej|oith!

lhai fhahmiv fi|h fiti| mwcwo xinb ifi! cglg|ifiin

Ifujciv lgawo fhivw| tgdi|i cmwtwt! ci|gni oithm

vg|tgli| fiaio lg|libih pg|ivw|in pg|wnfinb/wnfinbin! lihc xinb fhcgawi|cin pifi oiti

Mhnfhi Lgainfi oiwpwn xinb fhcgawi|cin jagm

pgog|hnvimin Hnfjngthi.

Agu fiaio tglwim gttihnxi fgnbin kgait

ognfhtc|hpthcin fin ognbiniahtht p|jtgt ognbjnt/

v|wcth -pgndi|hin( lgnvwc ngbi|i mwcwo fh Hnfjngthi

tgkic 9867. -Finhga T Agu3 <000;446( Ognw|wv

Agu! Ifujciv ALM lg|pg|in pgnvhnb fiaio p|jtgt

pgndi|hin kivh fh|h ngbi|i mwcwo fh Hnfjngthi!

vg|wvioi tgkic vimwn 9820/in xinb fhtpjntj|h

Pg|ifhn -Pg|tivwin Ifujciv Hnfjngthi(.

Agu ognxivicin ;

P|huivg airxg|t i|g i pi|vhdwai|ax hopjvinv

b|jwp hn vmg mhtvj|x je dntvhvwvhjniahto! njv lgdiwtg

vmgx i|g |gtpjnthlag ej| hv j| gugn iaa vmiv gttgnvhia

vj hvt gujawvhjn! lwv lgdiwtg vmgx lgdiog vmg ojtv

i|vhdwaivg |ivhjniah{g| je djntvhvwvhjniahtv hfgi! hn

rmhdm vmgx miug i fh|gdv hnvg|gtv.

Iniahtht xinb fhikwcin Agu vg|tglwv oithm

|gaguin mhnbbi tgci|inb. Tiiv fgojc|ith vg|phophn

9850 in! ifujciv p|jegthjnia vg|cgni fiopicnxi

lihc tgdi|i gcjnjoht oiwpwn hfgjajbht. Fh g|i

hvw! pi|i ifujciv p|jegthjnia ogolgai cgpgnvhnbincahgnnxi xinb lg|tglg|inbin fgnbin Tjgci|nj!



82

ciainbin kw|htv tglibih cgajopjc xinb vhfic lhti

vw|wv tg|vi lg|gujawth tgmhnbbi tim ch|inxi wnvwc

fhhnvg|ugnth. P|jtgt diopw| vinbin Tjgci|nj fh

|inim pg|ifhain vg|kifh tinbiv thtvgoivht fgnbin

lwcvh fhljagmcinnxi citwt vg|vgnvw. Hnh fhkiohnfiaio Pitia 98 WW nj. 98 vimwn 9856 vgnvinb

Cgvgnvwin/cgvgnvwin Pjcjc Cgcwitiin Cgmichoin.

-Piv|i O. [gn! <00=; 45(

Agpit fi|h |g{ho Tjgci|nj vic lg|i|vh ogolwiv

ifujciv kifh oichn lglit fin pg|innxi pifi

pgolimi|win mwcwo oichn lgti|. Cjnv|hlwthnxi

kwtv|w ognw|wn tgh|hnb pg|vwolwmin gcjnjoh

fin cgnihcin pgnfipivinnxi. Cjnv|hlwth ifujciv

p|jegthjnia fiaio bg|icin pgolimi|win mwcwo

kwbi fhtglilcin ‟agpitnxi‟ ALM fi|h Pg|ifhn

pifi iria 98=0/in! fgnbin vg|lgnvwcnxi XixitinALM Hnfjngthi! tg|vi ifinxi pg|pgdimin j|binhtith

ifujciv fh Hnfjngthi.

Fiaio pg|cgolinbinnxi tgvgaim fhwnfinbcin/

nxi Wnfinb/Wnfinb Nj. 9= vimwn <004 vgnvinb

Ifujciv! j|binhtith ifujciv oithm vg|kifh

pg|pgdimin xihvw invi|i Pg|mhopwnin Ifujciv

Hnfjngthi -PG\IFH( fin Cjnb|gt Ifujciv

Hnfjngthi -CIH(! fhoini cgfwi/fwinxi ognbcaiho

limri PG\IFH og|wpicin tivw/tivwnnxi rifim

vwnbbia fi|h j|binhtith Ifujciv Hnfjngthi! lgbhvw

kwbi tgliahcnxi CIH kwbi ognbinbbip tglibihj|binhtith Ifujciv xinb fhioinivcin jagm WW Nj.

9= vimwn <004. Ogtchpwn fiaio j|binhtith ifujciv

vg|tglwv ognbiaioh pg|pgdimin! kinbin tiopih

pg|pgdimin vg|tglwv ogoliri fiopic xinb nhbivhe

vg|mifip thtvgo pgngbicin mwcwo fh Hnfjngthi.

Pgnbivw|in Ifujciv fiaio wnfinb/wnfinb

fhmi|ipcin fipiv ogolg|hcin fin ognhnbcivcin

dhv|i p|jegth ifujciv fin ogniolim rhliri

mwcwo -iwvmj|hvx je air( fin twp|goith mwcwo

- twp|goidx je air( tgoichn fhvgbiccin. Ipiaibh

ifujciv fh fiaio ognkiaincin vwbit p|jegthnxi

wnvwc ogolgai pg|ci|i xinb ognkifh vinbbwnb

kirilnxi fgnbin vgvip lg|pgbinb pifi cjfg gvhc

p|jegth fin pg|ivw|in pg|wnfinb/wnfinbin. Fhthth

aihn wnfinb/wnfinb ifujciv ognkiohn ifinxi

mic cgcgliain mwcwo -hownhvx( vg|mifip ifujciv

fhfiaio ognkiaincin vwbit fin ewnbthnxi wnvwc

ogolgai cahgnnxi. -Pitia 95 WW Nj. 9= Vimwn

<004(

Cglglitin p|jegth Ifujciv lg|theiv wnhug|tia

fin fhicwh jagm linxic ngbi|i vg|wvioi fh ngbi|i/

ngbi|i fgojc|ivht. Fgnbin ifinxi cglglitin

p|jegth ifujciv! oici ifujciv fipiv ogolgaioitxi|iciv - pwlahd fgegnfg| ( fin ogopg|kwinbcin

cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|iciv vinpi |iti vicwv! diopw|

vinbin! fin vgcinin fi|h phmic oinipwn kwbi.

Cglglitin p|jegth ifujciv iviw xinb tgdi|i

hnvg|nithjnia fhcgnia fgnbin hnfgpgnfgndg je

vmg agbia p|jegtthjn og|wpicin txi|iv owvaic vg|dhpvinxi twivw pg|ifhain lglit fin vhfic

ogohmic -hnfgpgnfgnv inf Hopi|vhia Kwfhdhi|x(!

fgnbin vgvip ognkibi gvhc p|jegth. Oitxi|iciv pifi

micgcivnxi tgninvhiti ogndi|h fin ogolwvwmcin

kiti mwcwo - agbia tg|uhdgt( fin pgolgaiin -ahbhvhjn(

fi|h ifujciv! tglil ifujcivaim xinb og|wpicin

j|inb xinb lhti ogrichah cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|iciv

fh fgpin mwcwo.

Ewnbth fin Cgrgninbin Ifujciv Fiaio Thtvgo

Pgngbicin Mwcwo fh Hnfjngthi Ewnbth xinb fiaio

Ciowt Lgti| Limiti Hnfjngthi fhi|vhcin tglibih pgcg|kiin xinb fhaicwcin. -R.K.T Pjg|rifi|ohnvi3

98=2;<=4( Ewnbth fiaio limiti Hnbb|ht xihvw

‑ewndvhjn‟ xinb fhfgehnhthcin tglibih ‑vmg chnf

je idvhjn j| idvhuhvx p|jpg| vj inx pg|tjn j| vmhnb3

iviw vmg pw|pjtg ej| rmhdm tiogvmhnb ht fgthbngf

j| g}htv3 iviw |wag‟ Lg|fiti|cin fgehnhth vg|tglwv

ewnbth ifiaim ipi tiki cgbhivin xinb fhaicwcin! iviw

tgtwivw vwkwin wnvwc ogrwkwfcin |gndini ewnbth

kwbi fipiv fhi|vhcin tglibh pg|inin‟. -Viah{wfwmw

Nf|imi! <007; 72(

Tgj|inb tjthjajb Aguhntjn ognbwnbcipcin limri tgtwnbbwmnxi ewnbth tinbiv fgciv oicninxi

fgnbin pg|inin. Tgtgj|inb ogaictinicin mic fin

cgrikhlin tgtwih fgnbin cgfwfwcinnxi oici hvwaim

ognkiaincin pg|inin. Fgnbin fgohchin! oici

pg|inin tgtwnbbwmnxi aglhm linxic ognwnkwc

pifi ewnbth. Ewnbth piahnb vhfic ogndicwp vhbi mia!

xihvw3 -Agrhtl I. Djtg| inf Lg|ni|f \jtgnlg|b!

9825(

Ewnbth ogahpwvh nj|oi/nj|oi xinb fhmwlwnb/

cin fgnbin pjthth iviw vgopiv tgtgj|inb fiaio

oitxi|iciv! ewnbth fiaio i|vh hnh og|wpicin

|inbcihin pg|ivw|in xinb ogolholhnb tgtgj|inb

fiaio cgmhfwpin cgoitxi|icivin3 -i( Ewnbth ifiaim

twivw cjntgp pg|hmia ipi xinb fipiv fhaicwcin jagm

hnfhuhfw*cgajopjc fiaio oitxi|iciv tglibih

j|binhtith3 -l( Ewnbth kwbi fipiv fhcivicin tglibih

p|hcgaicwin hnfhuhfw xinb pgnvhnb libh tv|wcvw|

tjthia

Fgnbin fgohchin fhcihvcin fgnbin ewnbth

Ifujciv fiaio thtvho pg|ifhain fh Hnfjngthi!

fhmi|ipcin ifujciv fiaio ognkiaincin ewnbthnxi

mi|wt vgvip lg|pgbinb vgbwm pifi pg|ivw|in

pg|wnfinb/wnfinbin fin cjfg gvhcnxi. Ewnbthifujciv wnvwc ogolgai cahgn ifiaim ogngbiccin




8=


‟I{it p|ifwbi vic lg|tiaim - P|gtwopvhjn je

Hnnjdgndg(‟ xinb fhinwv fiaio thtvgo mwcwo chvi

iviw Hnvg|nithjnia Djugninv jn Dhuha inf Pjahvhdia

\hbmvt! cmwtwtnxi pitia 96 -<(; ‟ Gug|xjng dmi|bgf

rhvm i d|hohnia jeegndg tmiaa miug vmg |hbmv vj lg p|gtwogf hnnjdgnv wnvha p|jugf bwhavx iddj|fhnb vj

air‟ fin pitia 96 -4( ognxglwvcin;

‑ Hn vmg fgvg|ohnivhjn je gnx d|hohnia dm|bg

ibihnv mho! gug|xjng tmia lg invhvagf vj vmg

ejaajrhnb ohnhowo bwi|invgg! hn ewaa gywiahvx;

-i( Vj lg hnej|ogf p|jopvax inf hn i ainbbwibg

rmhdm mg wnfg|tvinft je vmg nivw|g inf diwtg je vmg

dmi|bg ibihn mho3 -l( Vj miug ifgywivg vhog inf

eidhahvhgt ej| vmg p|gpi|ivhjn je mht fgegndg inf vj

djoownhdidivg rhvm djwdga je mht jrn dmjjthnb3

-d( Vj lg v|hgf rhvmjwv wnfwg fgaix3 -f( Vj lg v|hgf hn mht p|gtgndg inf vj fgegnf mhotgae hn pg|tjn j|

vm|jwbm agbia itthtvindg je mh jrn dmjjthnb! vj lg

hnej|ogf he mg figt itthbngf vj mho! hn inx ditg

rmg|g vmg hnvg|gt je kwtvhdg tj |gywh|g! inf rhvmjwv

pixognv lx mho hn inx twdm ditg he mg fjgt njv

miug tweehgnv ogint vj pix ej| hv3 -g( Vj g}iohng! j|

miug g}iohnivhjn je rhvngttgt jn mht lgmiae wnfg|

vmg tiog djnfhvhjnt it rhvngttgt ibihnv mho; -e( Vj

miug vmg e|gg itthtvind je jn hnvg|p|gvg| he mg din

njv wnfg|tvinf j| tpgic vmg ainbbwibg j| tpgic vmg

ainbbwibg wtrg hn djw|v3 -b( Nj vj lg djopgaagf vjvgtvhex ibihntv mhotgae j| vj djnegtt bwhav.

‑Hn vmg Rj|af Djneg|gndg je vmg Hnfgpgnfgndg

je Kwtvhdg‟ xinb fhificin fh Ojnv|gia! Dinifi 7

t*f 90 Kwnh 98=4 xinb fhtpjntj|h jagm PLL xinb

fh|wowtcin tglibih lg|hcwv; ‑I pg|tjn ywiahehgf

inf iwvmj|h{gf vj p|idvhdg lgej|g vmg djw|t inf

vj ifuhtg inf |ge|gtgnv mht dahgnt hn agbia oivvg|‟.

Lg|fitii|cin mitha Fgc|i|ith Ojnv|gia vg|tglwv

mic fin cgrikhlin ifujciv fh|wowtcin tglibih

lg|hcwv; ‑airxg|t tmiaa inkjx e|gfjo je lgahge!

g}p|gtt/thjni! itjdhivhjn inf itgolax! inf hn

pi|vhdwai| vmgx tmiaa miug vmg |hbmv vj; -i( Vicg

pi|v hn pwlahd fhtdwtthjn je oivvg|t djndgg|nhnb

vmg air inf vmg ifohnhtv|ivhjn je kwtvhdg3 -l( Kjhn

j| ej|oe|ggax ajdia! nivhjnia inf hnvg|nivhjnia

j|binh{ivhjn3 -d( P|jpjtg inf |g djoognf rgaa

djnthfg|gf air |gej|ot hn vmg pwlahc hnvg|gt inf

hnej|o vmg pwlahd iljwv twdm oivvg|t3 inf -f( Vicg

ewaa inf idvhug pi|v hn pjahvhdia! tjdhia inf dwavw|ia

aheg je vmgh| djwnv|x.Vmg fwvhgt je i airxg| vj ri|ft

mht dahgnvt hndawfg3-i( Ifuhthnb vmg dahgnv it vj mht

agbia |hbmvt inf jlahbivhjnt. -l( Vichnb agbia idvhjn

vj p|jvgdv mho inb mht hnvg|gtv! inf rmg|g |gywh|gf3-d( \gtp|gtgnvhnb mho lgej|g dijw|v! v|hlwniat j|

ifohnhtv|ivhug iwvmj|hvhgt.

Fhahmiv tgdi|i vgj|h fin cjntgpth! fiaio

thtvgo cgoinfh|hin pgngbicin mwcwo fh invi|i

ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo xinb piahnb oinfh|h

-hnfgugnfgndx( ifiaim cgcwitiin cgmichoin- xwfhdhi|x pjrg| ( fin Ifujciv - Airxg| (. -Mgn|x

Diopagaa Laidc !9889; 596( Pg|lgfiinnxi limri

Pg|in fin ewnbth Ifujciv ogrichah cgpgnvhnbin

oitxi|iciv tgfinbcin pjahth! kicti fin micho

ogrichah cgpgnvhnbin ngbi|i fin pgog|hnvim.

Fgnbin fgohchin oici Ifujciv fhvwnvwv ifinxi

p|jegthjniahtog xinb vhnbbh fh fiaio ognkiaincin

p|jegthnxi.

Ifnin Lwxwnb Nitwvhjn! ognbwnbcipcin

limri p|jegth ifujciv ifiaim e|gg p|jegthjnia3

cglglitin p|jegth vhfic tgcgfi| fgoh p|jegthifujciv hvw tgnfh|h! ogaihncin kwbi bwni

ogrwkwfcin cgpgnvhnbin xinb aglhm awit! xihvw

vg|dhpvinxi agolibi pg|ifhain xinb lglit3

hnfgpgnfgn kwfhdhi|x xinb og|wpicin p|itxi|iv

fiaio ogngbiccin |wag je air fin ogaictinicin

nhaih/nhaih fgojc|ith. -E|int Mgnf|i Rhnivi! 9887;

96(

Ognw|wv Dmig|woin Mi|imip tgvhficnxi ogn/

diviv tgkwoaim miolivin pgngbicin twp|goith

mwcwo fh invi|inxi -Dmig|woin Mi|imip! <004;

<6(3 -9( Lgawo tgopw|ninxi pg|inbciv mwcwo! -<(Oithm |gnfimnxi hnvgb|hvit oj|ia ipi|iv pgngbic

mwcwo! -4( Pgngbic mwcwo lgawo p|jegthjnia

-cgdicipin! cgvg|iophain fin hnvgagcvwiahvit

|gnfim(! -6( Pgnbmithain ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo

|gnfim! -7( Oithm |gnfimnxi vhnbciv cgtifi|in

mwcwo oitxi|iciv! -5( Cw|inbnxi ti|ini fin

p|iti|ini! -2( Vg|kifhnxi diopw| vinbin pgog|hnvim

fiaio p|jtgt pg|ifhain.

Ifujciv ifiaim tiaim tivw pgngbic mwcwo

tgmhnbbi fhpg|awcin ifinxi hnvgb|hvit fin

p|jegthjniahtog fiaio ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi!

tgmhnbbi miolivin fiaio pgngbicin twp|goith

mwcwo fipiv fhivith. Wnvwc ognkibi dhv|i fin

cgrhliriin ifujciv ifiaim tiaim tivw ewnbth

fi|h tglwim j|binhtith ifujciv -li| ittjdhivhjn(.

Ewnbth hnh vg|cihv g|iv fgnbin pg|in j|binhtith

ifujciv wnvwc ognkiohn cwiahvit pgaixinin xinb

fhlg|hcin cgpifi pwlahc. Cgowfhin ewnbth/ewnbth

vg|tglwv fhkili|cin fiaio ivw|in/ivw|in vgnvinb

gvhci p|jegth ifujciv xinb vg|fh|h fi|h tgkwoaim

itit -dinjnt(! ivw|in vgnvinb vinbbwnb kiril fin

tvinfi|v cg|ki p|jegth - p|jegtthjnia |gtpjnthlhahvhgt

inf tvinfi|ft je rj|c (! tg|vi ivw|in pgngbicinfhthpahn -fhtdhpahni|x p|jdggfhnbt(. Wnvwc ogahmiv



88

gvhci p|jegth ifujciv xinb ognbivw| cgrikhlin

pi|i inbbjvi p|jegth ifujciv vg|mifip oitxi|iciv!

pgnbifhain! tgkiriv p|jegth! fin pi|i cahgnnxi.

Jagm ci|gni pg|in fin ewnbth ifujciv tglibih

ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo tinbiv tv|ivgbht ogaimh|cincjnfhth p|jegth xinb |gnvin fi|h lg|libih hnvg|ugnth

cgpgnvhnbin! fin ajnbbi|nxi p|jegth fi|h hcivin

cgpg|dixiin! fin vgnvw tiki! pgbiritin oitxi|iciv.

Fgnbin civi aihn! cjopagcthvit pg|tjiain xinb

ogninfih tgki|im! cjnfhth goph|hc! fin cgcwitiin

ngbi|i xinb ogniwnbhnxi! kwbi fhpg|lw|wc jagm

di|i pinfinb ifujciv fiaio ogoimioh agvic

p|jegth og|gci. -Lhn{hif Cifieh! <00<; <(

Ingci oidio ewnbth xinb ogagciv pifi hnfhuhfw

iviw cgajopjc fiaio oitxi|iciv fhmi|ipicin

mi|wt fipiv ogopg|mivhcin mia/mia tglibih lg|hcwv;-Lhn{hif Cifieh! <00<; <( -i( Ewnbth/ewnbth vg|vgnvw

mi|wt fhaictinicin ipilhai tv|wcvw| oitxi|iciv

mgnfic fhpg|vimincin cgainbtwnbinnxi3 -l( Ewnbth

vg|tglwv tgxjbxinxi fhagviccin pifi hnfhuhfw/

hnfhuhfw iviw cgajopjc xinb jagm oitxi|iciv

fhinbbip oiopw wnvwc ogaictinicin3 -d(Cifinb/

cifinb fiaio oitxi|iciv fhkwopih og|gci

iviw cgajopjc/cgajopjc xinb vhfic oiopw

ognkiaincin ewnbthnxi ci|gni fiaio ognkiaincin

ewnbth tg|hnbciah pgnwm fgnbin pgnbj|linin3 -f(

Ipilhai og|gci oiopw fin tinbbwp ognkiaincinewnbthnxi! tg|hnbciah kwbi oitxi|iciv vhfic

ogolg|hcin cgtgopivin iviw pgawinb xinb

tgholinb fIaio ogaictinicin ewnbthnxi.

Tgainkwvnxi Tkidm|in Litim ognbgowcicin

limri ewnbth ognw|wv Nivww|/rhttgndmiev

ogopwnxih gopiv i|vh! Tgfinbcin fiaio Bghtvgt/

rhttgndmiev ogopwnxih vhbi i|vh3 -i( ewnbth

lg|i|vh vg|binvwnb pifi -pgnbg|vhin pg|vioi fi|h

Nivww|rhttgntdmiev (3 -l( ewnbth lg|i|vh vwbit iviw

iolvrg|chnb hn mgv ug|linf ogv mgv bgmgga -i|vh

cgfwi fi|h Nivww|rhttgntdiev fin i|vh pg|vioi fi|h

Bghtvgtrhttgntdmiev (3 -d( ewnbth lg|i|vh mwlwnbin

vholia liahc invi|i libhin fin cgtgaw|wmin -i|vh

cgvhbi fi|h nivww|rhttgntdmiev ( fin i|vh cgfwi fi|h

Bghtvgtrhttgntdmiev -F( ewnbth lg|i|vh rg|chnb

-i|vh cggopiv fi|h Nivww|/rhttgntdmiev (. -Mhndi

Pinkihvin! <009; 60=(

Pgnbg|vhin ewnbth xinb fhainth| jagm Tkidm|in

Litim hvw! khci fhphaim invi|i pgnbg|vhin xinb

fh|wowtcin fiaio Nivw|rhttgntdmiev fin Bghtvgt

rhttgndmiev fipiv fhcgajopjccin tglibih lg|hcwv;

-9( Fiaio Nivww|rhttgntdiev ! pgnbg|vhin ewnbth3

-i( vg|binvwnb pifi pgnbg|vhin nivww|rhttgntdmiev 3-l( vwbit! iolvrj|chnb hn mgv ug|linf ogv mgv

bgmgga 3 -d( mwlwnbin vholia liahc invi|i libhin

fin cgtgaw|wmin. -<( Fiaio Bghtvgtrhttgntdmiev

-i( ewnbth lg|i|vh vwbit! iolvrg|chnb hn mgv ug|linf

ogv mgv bgmgga 3 -l( ewnbth lg|i|vh mwlwnbin vholia

liahc invi|i libhin fin cgtgaw|wmin3 -d( ewnbth lg|i|vh pgcg|kiin -rj|chnb (. -Tikhjnj! <00=; 9<8(

Fhahmiv fi|h lglg|ipi fgehnhth vg|tglwv fipiv

fhoicnih limri ewnbth og|wpicin twivw cgbhivin

iviw icvhehvit xinb lg|cihvin fgnbin vwbit pjcjc

xinb rikhl fhaictinicin. Vwbit pjcjc xinb

fhaictinicin vg|tglwv! ifiaim wnvwc ogndipih

vwkwin - bjia ( fi|h twivw j|binhtith. -Tikhjnj! <00=;

9<8(

Pgnbg|vhin civi ewnbth hnh ‑oithm lgawo

lg|oicni ipilhai lgawo fhhcwvh jagm civi aihn.

I|vhnxi civi ewnbth li|w ogniopiccin i|vh xinb lgni| khci fhmwlwnbcin fgnbin tgtwivw oitiaim‟.

-Mhndi Pinkihvin! <009; 60=( Fiaio cikhin hnh

ewnbth fhcihvcin fgnbin Ifujciv tgmhnbbi ewnbth

ogopwnxih oicni vwbit pjcjc xinb rikhl

fhaictinicin jagm ifujciv fiaio thtvgo pg|ifhain

fh Hnfjngthi.

Ifujciv fiaio ognkiaincin ewnbthnxi vhfic

fhtgfhicin inbbi|in jagm pgog|hnvim. Ci|gni

j|bihtith ifujciv hnh ifiaim j|binhtith njn

pgog|hnvim! j|binhtith ifujciv ifiaim j|binhtith

xinb lglit fin oinfh|h xinb fhlgnvwc tgtwihfgnbin cgvgnvwin wnfinb/wnfinb hnh fgnbin

oictwf fin vwkwin wnvwc ognhnbcivcin cwiahvit

p|jegth ifujciv.

\winb ahnbcwp cg|ki Ifujciv ojfg|n

ogopg|ahmivcin ifinxi ewnbth Ifujciv fiaio

fwi itpgc! xihvw wnvwc -9( Ogrichah cahgn fh

owci Pgnbifhain3 Ewnbth ogrichah cahgn fh owci

Pgnbifhain og|wpicin mia xinb caithc! xinb

cglg|ifiinnxi twfim ifi tgkic aimh|nxi p|jegth

vg|tglwv fiaio rhaixim cgcwitiin Pgnbifhain

wnvwc ogrichah cahgnnxi. -<( Ogrichah cahgn fh

awi| Pgnbifhain. Ewnbth ogrichah cahgn fh awi|

Pgnbifhain og|wpicin ewnbth Ifujcith xinb

lg|cgolinb tgh|hnb fgnbin oichn cjopagctnxi

mwlwnbin oitxi|iciv. -Mhndi Pinkihvin! <009;

60=(

Pifi pg|cgolinbin cgchnhin! ewnbth ifujciv

fhmifipcin pifi vwnvwvin wnvwc aglhm cjop|gmgnthe

fiaio ogaictinicin vwbit fin cgrikhlinnxi!

tgmhnbbi ivit ewnbth vg|tglwv fhpg|awcin ifinxi

ewnbth aihn tglibih itpgc cgvhbi! xihvw; wnvwc

ogolg|hcin pgndg|imin fh lhfinb mwcwo fh

vgnbim/vgnbim oitxi|iciv! tgmhnbbi oitxi|iciv‑ogagc‟ mwcwo. pg|aw fhpg|mivhcin fin ibi| vhfic




900


fhilihcin.

Cgvhbi itpgc fi|h ewnbth ifujciv fh fiaio

ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi viopicnxi mi|wt fhagnb/

ciph pwai fgnbin rgrgninb xinb fhlg|hcin jagm

pg|ivw|in Wnfinb/wnfinb fin cjfg gvhcnxi!tgmhnbbi fiaio ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi tgj|inb

Ifujciv ifi |iolw/|iolw xinb mi|wt fhpg|mivhcin

fin vhfic ognil|ic fin ogaiopiwh livitin/livitin

cgrgninbinnxi fiaio |inbci ognkiaincin vwbit

fin ewnbthnxi.

Ifi fwi ewnbth ifujciv vg|mifip cgifhain

xinb pg|aw ognfipiv pg|mivhin xihvw pg|vioi!

Ogrichah cahgn wnvwc ogngbiccin cgifhain! fin

pg|in ifujciv pgnvhnb libh cahgn xinb fhrichahnxi!

cgfwi! ogolinvw cahgn! tgtgj|inb ifujciv

ogopg|vimincin agbhvhoith thtvgo pg|ifhain finewnbth ifujciv. -Fi|ax Cjgmn! <000; 97=(

Rgrgninb iviw cgrgninbin ifiaim pifinin

civi iwvj|hvx! xihvw vmg pjrg| je |hbmv fgagbivgf

j| bhugn3 vmg pjrg| vj kwfbg! idv j| djooinf ‟.

Fi|h civi vg|tglwv vg|lgnvwc civi theiv iwvmj|hvivhug.

Ri|ggn L. L|jrn fin Fgnhtt K. Oj|lg|b ognwaht

limri pgnbbwniin rgrgninb mi|wt fipiv

fhpg|vinbbwnbkirilcin -Viah{wfwmw Nf|imi! <004;

=7( fgnbin fgohchin rgrgninb vg|cihv fgnbin

vinbbbwnb kiril -|gtpjnlhahvx(. Vinbbwnb kiril

lg|itia fi|h civi aivhn |gtpjnt -wt(. Xinb kwbi lg|cihvin fgnbin civi aivhn aihnnxi |gtpjnfg|g!

vj |gtpjnf! fin tpjnfg|g! vj pagfbg! p|johtg.

\gtpjhnthlag lg|i|vh‟ intrg|ilag j| iddjwnvilag!

it ej| tjogvmhnb rhvmhn jng!t pjrg| j| djnv|ja

‑\gtpjnlhahvx lg|i|vh ‑Vmg tvivg j| eidv je lghnb

|gtpjnthlag! fin ‑i pi|vhdwai| lw|fgn je jlahbivhjn

wpjn i pg|tjn rmj ht |gtpjnthlag‟. -Viah{wfwmw

Nf|imi! <004; =2( Vinbbwnb kiril -|gtpjnlhahvx(

ognwnkwcin tgkiwmoini tgtgj|inb pgaicw vg|lwcvh

oiopw ognkiaincin vwbit iviw pg|hnvim xinb

fhioinivcin.

Rgrgninb fhoictwfcin tglibih ‑twivw mic

xinb vgaim fhvgvipcin fiaio twivw vivi vg|vhl tjthia

wnvwc ogngvipcin cglhkictiniin! ogngnvwcin

cgpwvwtin/cgpwvwtin ognbgnih oitiaim/oitiaim

xinb pgnvhnb fin wnvwc ognxgagtihcin pg|vgnvinbin

pg|vgnvinbin‟. -Tjg|kjnj Tjgcinvj! 9822; 92<(

Ipilhai j|inb ogolhdi|icin vgnvinb rgrgninb

ifujciv oici xinb fhoictwfcinnxi ifiaim;

Mic xinb fhohahch jagm ifujciv fin p|jegthnxi.

Vgcininnxi ifiaim pifi mic! fin lwcin pifi

cgcwitiinnxi. Fhpinfinb fi|h twfwv oitxi|iciv!

oici cgcwitiin tiki vinpi rgrgninb og|wpicincgcwivin xinb vhfic tim. Twivw cgcwitiin mi|wt

ognfipivcin pgnbicwin fin pgnbgtimin fi|h

oitxi|iciv ibi| ognkifh twivw rgrgninb.

Tgmwlwnbin fgnbin hnh. Viadjv Pg|tjn

ognbgowcicin limri jvj|hvit og|wpicin twivw

mic xinb tgdi|i cgagolibiin fhicwh wnvwc ogopgnbi|wmh vhnficin/vhnficin phmic/phmic

aihn! vinpi ogopg|mivhcin thcip/thcip p|hlifh

og|gci xinb piahnb fgciv cg i|im pgnbi|wm. Mia

hnh fhbwnicin fgnbin ogogbinb kilivin tglwim

cinvj| iviw tvivwt aihn xinb jagm oitxi|iciv

fhinbbip vg|livit tgpg|vh j|inb vwi! fjcvg|! nilh.

-Viadjv Pi|tjn! vinpi vimwn; =0( Wnvwc hvw ifujciv

fiaio ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi pg|aw fhlg|hcin

cgrgninbin/cgrgninbin lg|fiti|cin pg|ivw|in

pg|wnfinb/wnfinbin fin cjfg gvhcnxi.

Cgrgninbin ifujciv fiaio thtvgo pg|ifhainHnfjngthi ifiaim limri ifujciv ifiaim og|wpicin

ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo! lglit fin oinfh|h xinb

fhkiohn jagm mwcwo fin pg|ivw|in pg|wnfinb/

wnfinbin. Ifujciv lglit ognbgawi|cin pgnfipiv

iviw pg|nxiviin fiaio ogolgai pg|ci|i xinb

ognkifh vinbbwnb kirilnxi fh fiaio thfinb

pgnbifhain fgnbin vgvip lg|pgbinb pifi cjfg gvhc

p|jegth fin pg|ivw|in pg|wnfinb/wnfinbin.

Tgmwlwnbin fgnbin rgrgninb hnh. Oi} Rglg|

ogolgficinnxi ognkifh lglg|ipi lgnvwc xicnh

‑rgrgninb cmi|htoivht! v|ifhthjnha! fin |ithjnha-agbia (. -Tjg|kjnj Tjgcinvj! 9822; 92<(

Lg|fiti|cin pgolibhin rgrgninb vg|tglwv!

tgtwnbbwmnxi Ifujciv ogopwnxih rgrgninb

|ithjnia xinb fhivw| fiaio pg|ivw|in pg|wnfinb/

wnfinbin lg|wpi cgoiopwin Ifujciv tglibih

tiaim tivw ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo xinb ogrichah

cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|iciv. Pifi pjthth tgpg|vh hnh

pg|in ifujciv tinbiv pgnvhnb! vg|wvioi fh fiaio

ognkibi cgtgholinbin fh invi|i cgpgnvhnbin

ngbi|i! pgog|hnvim fin oitxi|iciv. Tgfinbcin

Micho! Kicti! Pjahth og|wpicin ipi|iv pgngbic

mwcwo xinb oitwc fiaio agolibi xwfhcivhe

xinb pg|innxi fhvgopivcin fiaio cgpgnvhnbin

ngbi|i! kicti fin cgpjahthin ogrichah cgpgnvhnbin

pgog|hnvim.Hnfgpgnfgth Ifujciv xinb Wnhnfg/

pgnfgn Ug|twt Ifujciv tglibih P|jegth Vg|mj|oiv

-Jeehdhwo Njlhaag(.

Ifujciv ifiaim tglwim p|jegth vg|mj|oiv -jeehdwo

njlhag( xinb fiaio ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi lg|ifi

fh lirim pg|ahnfwnbin mwcwo! wnfinb/wnfinb fin

cjfg gvhc! ogohahch cglglitin xinb fhfiti|cin

cgpifi cgmj|oivin fin cgp|hlifhin Ifujciv xinb

lg|pgbinb vgbwm cgpifi cgoinfh|hin! cgkwkw|in!cg|imithiin fin cgvg|lwciin. Ifujciv tgaicw



909

pgngbic mwcwo tgkiki| fgnbin pgngbic mwcwo

aihn tgpg|vh kicti! pjahth! oiwpwn micho fh fiaio

ognkwnkwnb vhnbbh twp|goith mwcwo! jagm ci|gni

hvw tivw tioi aihnnxi mi|wt tiahnb ognb/mi|bih

invi|i vgoin tgkiriv fin kwbi invi|i pgngbic mwcwo aihnnxi.

Ifujciv tglibih p|jegth vg|mj|oiv mi|wt

ognkibi cgmj|oivin! cglg|inhin! cjohvogn!

hnvgb|hvit! fin p|jegthjnia ifiaim |iowin fiti| libh

tgj|inb ifujciv. Twfim tgkic fimwaw ciai! p|jegth

ifujciv fhinbbip tglibih p|jegth owahi iviw ipi

xinb vg|cgnia htvhaim njlhaag jeehdhwo. Ci|gni hvw!

fiaio lg|thcip vhnfic! tgj|inb ifujciv mi|wtaim

ognbmj|oivh mwcwo fin cgifhain! tgtwih fgnbin

cgfwfwcin tgj|inb ifujciv tglibih ‑vmg jeehdg| je

vmg djw|v ‟. -Gfh C|htmi|xinvj! <002( Icin Vgviphfiaio cgnxiviinnxi! ifujciv og|wpicin p|jegth

xinb tinbiv fhlgndh oitxi|iciv. Fiaio f|ioi

Rhaahio Tmicgtpgi|g xinb vg|cgnia hvw! xihvw;

Agvt khaa iaa vmg airxg|t -lwnwm tgowi ifujciv(!

Pi|i ifujciv vhfic pg|aw oi|im khci p|jegth hnh

fhcivgbj|hcin tglibih ”P|jegth tiopim‟. Vgviph

tiopim xinb fhdgolw|wh. -O Viwehc % Ojgbjnj!

<002( Wnvwc ogngv|iahth| ifinxi tvhboi ngbivhe

fin cgdgolw|win fh invi|i ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo

xinb aihn vg|mifip p|jegth ifujciv fhpg|awcin

ifinxi pixwnb mwcwo xinb ognbivw| vgnvinbcglg|ifiin ifujciv xihvw WW Nj. 9= vimwn <004.

Ifi lglg|ipi pitia fiaio Wnfinb/wnfinb Nj. 9=

vimwn <004 vgnvinb Ifujciv xinb ognbivw| vgnvinb

cg Hnfgpgnfgnthin cglg|ifiin ifujciv fh fiaio

ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi fhinvi|inxi;

Pitia 9 ixiv -9( ‑Ifujciv ifiaim j|inb xinb

lg|p|jegth ogolg|h kiti mwcwo! lihc fh fiaio

oiwpwn fh awi| pgnbifhain xinb ogognwmh

pg|txi|ivin lg|fiti|cin cgvgnvwin Wnfinb/wnfinb

hnh‟.

Pitia < ixiv -<( ‑Pgnbinbcivin Ifujciv

fhaicwcin jagm J|binhtith Ifujciv‟

Pitia 7 -9( ‟ognxglwvcin ifujciv lg|tvivwt

tglibih pgngbic mwcwo! lglit fin oinfh|h xinb

fhkiohn jagm mwcwo fin pg|ivw|in pg|wnfinb/

wnfinbin‟.

Cgfwfwcin ifujciv fiaio cg|inbci ngbi|i

mwcwo tinbiv pgnvhnb fin tv|ivgbht. Hi og|wpicin

tiaim tivw wntw| pgngbic mwcwo! fhtiophnb pg/

ngbic mwcwo xinb aihn! tgpg|vh Pjahth! Kicti! fin

Micho. Ifujciv fhohnvi wnvwc tgaiaw ognkwnkwnb

vhnbbh nioi lihc! cgmj|oivin! oi|viliv fin

dhv|inxi tglibih pgngbic mwcwo! cglgni|in fincgifhain. Tvivwt vg|tglwv minxi lhti fh fipiv jagm

ifujciv lhai fipiv ogaictinicin cjfg gvhc p|jegth

fgnbin cjntgcrgn fin cjnthtvgn. Fh tiophnb hvw!

tgaiaw ogopg|vhnbbh fin ogopg|awit pgnbgvimwin!

cgoiopwin fin p|jegthjnianxi. -Gfh C|htmi|xinvj!

<002(Ifujciv tglibih tiaim tivw ipi|iv pgngbic

mwcwo xinb ogrichah cgpgnvhnbin oitxi|iciv.

Pifi pjthth tgpg|vh hnh pg|in ifujciv tinbiv pgnvhnb!

vg|wvioi fh fiaio ognkibi cgtgholinbin fhinvi|i

cgpgnvhnbin ngbi|i! pgog|hnvim fin oitxi|iciv.

Tgfinbcin Micho! Kicti! Pjahth og|wpicin ipi|iv

pgngbic mwcwo xinb oitwc fiaio agolibi

xwfhcivhe xinb pg|innxi fhvgopivcin fiaio

cgpgnvhnbin ngbi|i! kicti fin cgpjahthin ogrichah

cgpgnvhnbin pgog|hnvim.

Cglg|ifiin ifujciv fiaio thtvgo mwcwo chviogopwnxih pg|in xinb uhvia fin c|wthia ci|gni

ifujciv ifiaim twlthtvgo fi|h thtvgo mwcwo chvi.

Ifujcivaim xinb ogohahch ictgt ogngbiccin

mwcwo fin cgifhain tg|vi pgnbmwlwnb invi|i

oitxi|iciv fgnbin ngbi|i ogaiawh hntvhvwth

mwcwonxi. Jagm ci|gni hvw fiaio ognkiaincin

p|jegthnxi! Ifujciv mi|wt lgcg|ki ivit fiti| gvhci

fin oj|iahvit ibi| vhfic vg|ahliv fin ognkifh libhin

fi|h oiehi pg|ifhain fin kwfhdhia dj||wpvhjn.

Lgvipi pgnvhnbnxi cglg|ifiin ifujciv fiaio

thtvgo pg|ifhain fh Hnfjngthi! ci|gni Ifujcivfiaio ognkiaincin p|jegthnxi lglit ogoitwch

tgowi vimipin fiaio p|jtgt pgnxgahfhcin!

pgnxhfhcin cgpjahthin! cgkictiin fin pgnbifhain

-pg|ci|i pg|fivi! phfini! ifohnhtv|ith! pg|lw|wmin!

pg|tihnbin wtimi! fin tglibihnxi(. Limcin tgj|inb

ifujciv lhti ogolg|hcin nithmiv fin linvwin

mwcwo vg|mifip j|inb/j|inb xinb ogopwnxih

pg|oitiaimin mwcwo fh awi| p|jtgt pg|ifhain

-pgnxgagtihn njn ahvhbith(. Fgnbin fgohchin

ifujciv tglibih ipi|iv pgngbic mwcwo tinbiv

lg|pg|in fiaio ogndhpvicin twivw cgpitvhin!

cgifhain fin cgoineiivin mwcwo fiaio thtvgo

pg|ifhain Hnfjngthi.

Ogahmiv cgfwfwcin ifujciv xinb tinbiv

tv|ivgbht fiaio thtvgo pg|ifhain fh Hnfjngthi

fhpg|awcin twivw j|binhtith xinb cwiv tglibih

rifim libh p|jegth Ifujciv fiaio ognkiaincin

p|jegthnxi. Pitia <= ixiv -9( WW Nj. 9= Vimwn <004

vgnvinb Ifujciv! ognxglwvcin limri; J|binhtith

Ifujciv og|wpicin tivw/tivwnxi rifim p|jegth

Ifujciv xinb lglit fin oinfh|h xinb fhlgnvwc

tgtwih fgnbin cgvgnvwin wnfinb/wnfinb hnh fgnbin

oictwf fin vwkwin wnvwc ognhnbcivcin cwiahvit p|jegth Ifujciv. Jagm ci|gni hvw! j|binhtith




904

tgmhnbbi ogog|awcin cgrgninbin cmwtwt xinb

fhivw| fiaio Wnfinb/wnfinb ifujciv hvw tgnfh|h.

Pifi bhah|innxi vg|nxivi hnfgpgnfgnth p|jegth

ifujciv oithm lgawo tgpgnwmnxi hnfgpgnfgn!

ci|gni oithm ifinxi diopw| vinbin fi|h agolibi pg|ifhain cg fiaio p|jegth ifujciv. Wnvwc hvw cg

fgpin fiaio |inbci ogolg|hcin cghnfgpgnfgnthin

p|jegth ifujciv fiaio thtvgo pg|ifhain fh Hnfjngthi!

oici p|jegth ifujciv fhlg|h cgrgninbin xinb awit!

owaih fi|h |gc|wvogn inbbjvi! pgnbinbcivin!

pgnxwopimin! pgolhniin fin pgnbiritin mi|wt

fhaicwcin jagm p|jegth ifujciv hvw tgnfh|h. Tgmhnbbi

p|jegth ifujciv lgvwa/lgvwa lglit fin oinfh|h lglit

fi|h diopw| vinbin agolibi agolibi aihn vg|oitwc

fhfiaionxi ifiaim pg|ifhain. Jagm ci|gni WW Nj.

9= vimwn <004 vgnvinb Ifujciv piahnb linxic fhaicwcin wkh vg|mifip WWF 9867 cg Oimcioim

Cjntvhvwth -OC( fin oithm ifinxi pitia/pitia

xinb vhfic ognfwcwnb cghnfgpgnfgnthin p|jegth

ifujciv oici fhpg|awcin wnvwc og|guhth iviw

og|wlim WW Nj. 9= Vimwn <004.

FIEVI\ PWTVICI

Lwcw;

Eifki|.! I. Owcvmhg! <004! \gej|oith Cjntvhvwth

fiaio Oiti V|inthth Pi|ifhboivhc ! Oiainb;Hn/V\INT

/////////////! <006! Vhpg Ngbi|i Mwcwo! Oiainb;

Lixw Ogfhi fin Hn/V\INT

/////////////! <008! Oimcioim Cjntvhvwth tglibih

Pgaicw Cgcwitiin Cgmichoin! Limin Cwahim

P|jb|io Fjcvj|! Eic. Mwcwo Wnhu. L|irhkixi.

Mi|imip! Dmig|woin! <004! Og|ikwv Cjagcvhehvit

ogaiawh Pgngbicin Twp|goith Mwcwo! Linfwnb;

Dhv|i Pwtvici Ogfhi.

CifieH! Lhn{hif fcc! <00<! Ifujciv Hnfjngthi

Ogndi|h Agbhvhoith! PTMC.

Mgn|x! Diopagaa Laidc! 9889! Airxg| ognw|wv

pgnbg|vhin xinb fhowiv fiaio ‑ Laidc Air

Fhdvhjni|x‟

Pinkihvin! Mhndi ‑Ewnbth fin Ichliv Mwcwo

Cgpwvwtin Cgpiai Fig|im fiaio Ogaictinicin

W|wtin Vwbit Pgolinvwin Fhcihvcin fgnbin

Pjcjc Pinbcia Tgnbcgvi‟! Fiaio Fhognth/

Fhognth Pgohch|in Mwcwo Ifohnhtv|ith Ngbi|i!

Pgnxwnvhnb TE. Oi|lwn! gv ia.! Xjbxici|vi; WHH

P|gtt.

Pi|tjn! Viadjv! Gtgh/gtgh Tjthjajbh! iahm limiti; T.

Ikh! Icti|i Pg|tifi P|gtt! vinpi vimwnPjg|rifi|ohnvi! R.K.T.! 98=2! Ciowt Wowo

Limiti Hnfjngthi! Kici|vi; Liaih Pwtvici.

Cjgmn! Fi|xa! <000! Ainfitin Gvhci P|jegth!

Xjbxici|vi; Cinhthwt.

Agu! Finhga T.! Tjdhia Ojugognv! Djnvhvwthjniahto

inf Mwoiyn \hbmvt! hn Finhga T. Agu! <000!Agbia Gujawvhjn inf Pjahvhdia Iwvmg|hvx hn

Hnfjngthi. Tgagdvgf Gttixt. Mwbwg! Ajnfjn!

Ljtvjn; Cawrg| Air Hnvg||nithjnia

Air|rndg! O. E|ghfogn! <009! Iog|hdin Air

In Hnv|jfwdvhjn! Vg|kgoimin Rhtmnw Litwch!

Kici|vi; Vivi Nwti.

Rhtnjl|jvj! Ia! 9882! Micho fin Pg|ifhain fh

Hnfjngthi fiaio Lglg|ipi Itpgc Cikhin!

Xjbxici|vi; Wnhug|thvit Ivoi Kixi.

Rhnivi! E|int Mgnf|i! 9887! Ifujciv Hnfjngthi!

Dhv|i! Hfgiahtog fin Cgp|hmivhnin! Kici|vi;Thni| Mi|ipin.

Tikhjnj! <00=! Ogoimioh Lglg|ipi Lil Pjcjc

Mwcwo Ifohnhtv|ith! Xjbxici|vi; Aict Linb

P|gtthnfj.

Tmhojn Tmgv|ggv! 98=7! Kwfhdhia Hnfgpgnfgndg3

Ngr Djndgpvwia Fgohnvhjnt inf Djnvgopj|i|x

Dmiaagnbgt‟! fiaio Tmhojn Tmgv|ggv inf K.

Fgtdmgngt -gft( Kwfhdhia Hnfgpgnfgndg -Ngvmg|/

ainft; Oi|vhnwt Nhkmjee Pwlahtmg|.

Tjgcinvj! Tjg|kjnj! 9822! Tjthajbh twivw

Pgnbinvi| ! Kici|vi; Xixitin Pgng|lhv Wnhug|thvitHnfjngthi.

Nf|imi! Viah{hfwmw! <007! Chlg|njajbh tglwim

Cjnv|wcth Haow Pgog|hnvimin! Kici|vi; \hngci

Dhpvi.

Agrht I Djtg| inf Lg|ni|f \jtgnlg|b! Tjdhjajdia

Vmgj|x! I Ljjc je \gifhnbt! 6 vm. Gfhvhjn! Oid

Ohaajn! Ngr Xj|c! 9825! -mitha vg|kgoimin

lg|tioi vwbit oivi cwahim tincth fin Cgpivwmin

Mwcwo

C|htmi|xinvj! Gfh. -<002(. ‑ P|jegth Ifujciv fiaio

Pgngbicin Mwcwo‟! \hnbcitin Fhtg|vith

P|jb|io Fjcvj| Haow Mwcwo P|jb|io Pitdi

Ti|kini Wnhug|thvit Ih|ainbbi Tw|ilixi.

Viwehy! O fin Ojgbjnj! <002! Oj|iahvit Pgngbic

Mwcwo fin Ifujciv ‑P|jegth Tiopim‟!

Tw|ilixi; Vgop|hni Ogfhi B|iehci.

[gn! Piv|i O.! <00=! Fiti|/fiti| Pg|in Owahi

Ifujciv ! Ogolidi Finhga T. Agu -gfhth cmwtwt(.

Kgnvg|i Kw|nia Mwcwo! -gfhth cmwtwt(

Wnfinb/Wnfinb;

\gpwlahc Hnfjngthi! WWF Ngbi|i \gpwlahc

Hnfjngthi 9867 fin Pg|wliminnxi\gpwlahc Hnfjngthi! WW Nj. 96 vimwn 9820




906


vgnvinb Cgvgnvwin/Cgvgnvwin Pjcjc Cgcwitiin

Cgmichoin.

\gpwlahc Hnfjngthi! WW Nj. 6 Vimwn <006 vgnvinb

Cgcwitiin Cgmichoin

\gpwlahc Hnfjngthi! WW Nj. = Vimwn <006vgnvinb Pg|wlimin ivit WW Nj. <*98=5 vgnvinb

Pgnbifhain Wowo

\gpwlahc Hnfjngthi! WW Nj. 8 Vimwn <006

vgnvinb Pg|wlimin ivit WW Nj. 7*98=5 vgnvinb

Pgnbifhain Vivi Wtimi Ngbi|i

\gpwlahc Hnfjngthi! WW N0. 9= vimwn <004 vgnvinb

IfujcivCjfg Gvhc Ifujciv

3. qua vadis ... solehuddin (april 2011)

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