zaire ebolavirus

Zaire EbolavirusIs it here already?

Gustave Doré -The fourth horseman, Death on the Pale Horse (1865)

When the Lamb broke the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature saying, “Come.” I looked, and behold, an ashen horse; and he who sat on it had the name Death; and Hades was following with him. Authority was given to them over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword and with famine and with pestilence and by the wild beasts of the earth.

— Revelation 6:7-8˄ NASB

Ebola Hemorrhagic FEbola Hemorrhagic Fever in Guinea ( Situation as of 22 March 2014) ever in Guinea ( Situation as of 22 March 2014)

A total of 49 cases including 29 deaths (CFR: 59%) reported from 4 districts

( Guekedou, Macenta, Nzerekore and Kissidougou)

The situation is rapidly evolving and reported figures are likely to change.

WHO does not recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Guinea in respect to this event.

It takes 2 to 21 days for any symptoms to show. Affected districts

Neighboring areas under investigation

Situation as of 24 March 2014

A total of 86 cases including 59 deaths (CFR: 68.5% ) reported from 4 districts ( Guekedou, Macenta, Nzerekore and Kissidougou)

25 March 2014 –

The Ministry of Health (MoH) of Guinea has notified WHO of a rapidly evolving outbreak of Ebola virus disease in forested areas south eastern Guinea. The cases have been reported in Guekedou, Macenta, and Kissidougou districts. As of 25 March 2014, a total of 86 suspected cases including 60 deaths (case fatality ratio: 69.7% ) had been reported.


26 March 2014 –

The total number of suspected cases in the ongoing Ebola virus disease outbreak in Guinea remain 86. Two more cases died bringing total deaths to 62 (CFR: 72% ).


Ebola virus disease, Liberia (Situation as of 30 March 2014)

As of 29 March, seven clinical samples, all from adult patients from Foya district, Lofa County, have been tested by PCR using Ebola Zaire virus primers by the mobile laboratory of the Institut Pasteur (IP) Dakar in Conakry. Two of those samples have tested positive for the ebolavirus. There have been 2 deaths among the suspected cases; a 35 year old woman who died on 21 March tested positive for ebolavirus while a male patient who died on 27 March tested negative. Foya remains the only district in Liberia that has reported confirmed or suspected cases of EHF. As of 26 March, Liberia had 27 contacts under medical follow-up.

WHO does not recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Liberia, Guinea or Sierra Leone based on the current information available for this event.

West Africa - Ebola virus diseaseUpdate 21 April 2014Travel and transport2014 Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in West AfricaTravel and transport risk assessment: Recommendations for public health authorities and transport sector

3.1.4. Screening passengers at points of entry ( ports , airports or ground crossing) is not recommendedScreening of passengers at points of entry (arrival or departure) is costly and expected to have very limited impact because it is very unlikely to detect any arriving person infected with EVD. This is particularly true for EVD with its incubation period of 2 to 21 days and symptoms that are not specific.

3 April 2014 - WHO is supporting the national authorities in the response to an outbreak of Ebola virus disease (EVD; formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever). The outbreak is now confirmed to be caused by a strain of ebolavirus with very close homology (98%) to the Zaire ebolavirus.

WHO encourages countries to strengthen surveillance, including surveillance for illness compatible with EVD, and to carefully review any unusual patterns, in order to ensure identification and reporting of human infections under the IHR (2005), and encourages countries to continue national health preparedness actions.

WHO does not recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied with respect to this event.

As of 18:00 on 1 May 2014, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Guinea has reported a cumulative total of 226 clinical cases of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), including 149 deaths. Of 210 patients tested for ebolavirus infection, 127 cases have been laboratory confirmed by PCR, including 81 deaths. In addition, 44 cases (34 deaths) meet the probable case definition for EVD and 55 cases (34 deaths) are classified as suspected cases. Twenty-five (25) health care workers (HCW) have been affected (18 confirmed), with 16 deaths (11 confirmed). The median age of all clinical cases is 35 years (interquartile range 25-47 years). The female : male ratio remains unchanged at 1.2 : 1. Seven (7) patients are in isolation facilities in Guinea; Conakry (4 patients, 2 confirmed) and Guekedou (3 patients, all confirmed).

The geographical distribution of clinical cases of EVD since the beginning of the outbreak is: Conakry (53 cases, including 24 deaths), Guekedou (140/99), Macenta (22/16), Kissidougou (6/5), Dabola (4/4) and Djingaraye (1/1).

The cumulative total of laboratory confirmed cases and deaths since the beginning of the outbreak is: Conakry (40 cases, including 20 deaths); Guekedou (72/49); Macenta (13/10); Kissidougou (1/1); and Dabola (1/1). The date of isolation of the most recent confirmed cases is 30 April in Conakry and Guekedou.

Liberia - as of 2 May the total number of clinical EVD cases reported in Liberia is 13 (6 confirmed, 2 probable and 5 suspected cases), including 11 deaths. There were 2 confirmed cases in HCWs, both of whom died. There have been no new clinical cases in Liberia since 6 April.

WHO does not recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Guinea or Liberia based on the current information available for this event.

As of 18:00 on 18 May 2014, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of Guinea has reported a cumulative total of 253 clinical cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD), including 176 deaths. Since the last update of 12 May 2014, there have been six new cases confirmed by ebolavirus PCR and five new deaths among the confirmed cases bringing the total number of confirmed cases to 144, including 97 deaths. There have been no changes in the number of suspected cases (42 cases, 22 deaths) and probable cases (67 cases, 57 deaths).

Ebola virus disease, West Africa (Situation as of 18 May 2014)

WHO does not recommend that any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Guinea or Liberia based on the current information available for this event.

Ebola virus disease, West Africa (Update of 26 May 2014)E-mail Print

Sierra Leone

The World Health Organization was notified on May 25, 2014 of an Ebola virus disease outbreak in Sierra Leone. Preliminary information received from the field indicates that one laboratory confirmed case and four community deaths have been reported from Koindu chiefdom. This chiefdom shares border with the current Ebola virus disease hotspot Guéckédou in Guinea.

Situation update Dashboard - Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa ( Situation as of 16 June 2014)• WHO was notified of an outbreak of EVD in Guinea on 13 March 2014, Liberia on 31 March 2014, and Sierra Leone on 26 May 2014. • Following the confirmation of EVD outbreak, the Ministries of Health (MOHs) of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone have reactivated their national epidemic management committees to coordinate the overall response to EVD outbreak. • Response measures implemented over the past four months include but not limited to development of EVD response plans; enhancement of surveillance including active case search and contact tracing; strengthened case management and infection and prevention control; and increased public health awareness. • WHO’s support include deployment of over 150 multi-disciplinary experts to the three countries; shipment of medical equipment and supplies including Personal Protective Equipment; and provision of financial support through the African Public Health Emergency Fund and other partners. • Mobile laboratories were deployed to the field through the Emerging and Dangerous Pathogens Laboratory Network (EDPLN) for the confirmation of EVD cases. • As a result of the above preventive and control measures, the epidemiological situation as at 15 June 2014 is as follows: Guinea (394 cases, 263 deaths and 113 recovered and discharged), Liberia (33 cases, 24 deaths and 4 recovered and discharged), Sierra Leone (95 cases and 46 deaths).

New (1) Confirmed Probable Suspect Totals by country

Guinea

Cases 3 293 88 32 413

Deaths 5 193 82 28 303

Liberia

Cases 8 52 21 34 107

Deaths 7 33 17 15 65

Sierra Leone

Cases 11 199 31 9 239

Deaths 2 65 29 5 99

Totals

Cases 22 544 140 75 759

Deaths 14 291 128 48 467

(1) New cases were reported between 25 and 30 June 2014.

Confirmed, probable, and suspect cases and deaths from Ebola virus disease in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, as of 30 June 2014

WHO does not recommend any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Guinea, Liberia, or Sierra Leone based on the current information available for this event.

Ebola virus disease, West Africa – update 14 July 2014

The World Health Organization (WHO) continues to closely monitor the evolving Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone. The current epidemic trend in Sierra Leone and Liberia remains serious, with high numbers of new cases and deaths being reported. Between 8 – 12 July 2014, 79 new cases, and 65 deaths were reported from Sierra Leone, and Liberia.

In Sierra Leone, 49 new cases and 52 deaths have been reported, while in Liberia, 30 new cases and 13 deaths were reported. These include suspect, probable and laboratory confirmed cases. This trend indicates that a high level of transmission of the Ebola Virus continues to take place in the community.

The epidemic situation in Guinea is being closely observed, with 6 new cases and 3 deaths reported between 8 – 12 July 2014. The respective Ministries of Health are working with WHO and partners to step up outbreak containment measures

New 1 Confirmed Probable SuspectTotals

(by Country)Guinea

Cases 6 297 92 17 406Deaths 3 198 92 14 304

Liberia Cases 30 70 41 61 172

Deaths 13 48 33 24 105

Sierra Leone Cases 49 339 37 10 386

Deaths 52 151 38 5 194Totals

Cases 85 706 170 88 964Deaths 68 397 163 43 603

1. New cases were reported between 8 and 12 July 2014.

Confirmed, probable, and suspect cases and deaths from Ebola virus disease in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, as of 12 July 2014

WHO does not recommend any travel or trade restrictions be applied to Guinea, Liberia, or Sierra Leone based on the current information available for this event.

Ebola virus disease, West Africa – update 31 July 2014

Between 28 and 30 July 2014, a total of 53 new cases (suspect, probable, and laboratory-confirmed cases) as well as 58 deaths were reported from Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea and Nigeria.

The surge in the number of new EVD cases especially in Liberia and Sierra Leone calls for concentrated efforts by all to address the identified problems such as health facility transmission and effective contact tracing. More human resources experts need are requested in these two countries to really tackle the progress of this outbreak. The situation in Guinea seems to be stable these two last days.

In Nigeria, two suspected cases among the contacts followed up at the airport were tested negative for the first PCR test. Another test will be done 48 hour after to confirm the status. The contact tracing is continuing as well as communication activities.

In Togo, some passengers from the flight to Lagos disembarked in Lome, and our epidemiologist on the field are working with the services at the airport to find out their address for contact tracing. The Togo and Nigeria EVD operational plans have been finalized and sent.

The national authority in Nigeria, Togo and Ghana continue to work closely with WHO and partners in identification of contact and contact tracing as well as in preparing response plans.

WHO does not recommend any travel or trade restrictions is applied to Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone or Nigeria, based on the current information available for this event.

New 1 Confirmed Probable Suspect Totals(by Country)

Guinea

Cases 5 337 122 13 472

Deaths 3 220 122 4 346

Liberia

Cases 31 109 181 101 391

Deaths 46 103 88 36 227

Sierra Leone

Cases 17 507 41 26 574

Deaths 9 209 34 9 252

Nigeria

Cases 2 0 1 2 3

Deaths 0 0 1 0 1

Totals

Cases 55 953 345 142 1440

Deaths 58 532 245 49 826

Did you know that the African highways connect many cities in West Africa with Nigeria being the main hub.

Flying from other African cities can be dangerous as many airlines have a very poor safety record.

In order of size here are the main airline hubs.

Lagos Airport - Serveral flights per day to London. Less frequent flights also to other main cities in Europe Dakar Airport - Many flights to Millan, Madrid, Brussels and ParisAccra Airport - Many flights to UK (Manchester, London, Glasgow) as well as Frankfurt.Abidjan Airport - Flights to Paris, Brussels and Dubai

South African Airways (SAA) is the national flag carrier and largest airline of South Africa, with headquarters in Airways Park on the grounds of OR Tambo International Airport in Kempton Park, Ekurhuleni, Gauteng. The airline flies to 38 destinations worldwide from its hub at OR Tambo International Airport, using a fleet of 54 aircraft. The airline is headed by CEO Monwabisi Kalawe and is a member of the Star Alliance.

The member airlines of the Star Alliance network are among the most respected in the world. In order to become members, all airlines must comply with the highest industry standards of customer service, security and technical infrastructure. Member airlines include:

Asiana Airlines, Austrian Airlines , Avianca,

Adria Airways, Aegean Airlines, Air Canada, Air China, Air New Zealand, ANA,

Brussels Airlines , Copa Airlines, Croatia Airlines

Egypt Air, Ethiopian Airlines, Eva Air, LOT Polish Airlines, Lufthansa, SAS (Scandinavian Airlines),

Shenzhen Airlines, Singapore Airlines, South African Airways, SWISS , United Airlines , TAP Portugal

THAI, Turkish Airlines, Air India.

Star Alliance statistics

Member airlines: 27 Daily departures: 18,500 Number of airports: 1,316 Countries served: 192

With no restrictions on flying in or out of these places in west Africa do you really think that this outbreak can be contained. What are the odds that the Ebola virus will get out (or all ready has) and possibly spread? And now that it has been brought here how long before it gets out?

http://wikitravel.org/en/West_Africa

http://www.who.int/csr/don/2014_03_23_ebola/en

http://www.flysaa.com/us/en/flyingSAA/aboutUs/starAlliance.html

Are the cases of T.B. from the southern border being reported really T.B.?

Or is the reason the president just signed the below executive order?

The White HouseOffice of the Press SecretaryFor Immediate Release July 31, 2014 Executive Order -- Revised List of Quarantinable Communicable DiseasesEXECUTIVE ORDER - - - - - - - REVISED LIST OF QUARANTINABLE COMMUNICABLE DISEASESBy the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 264(b) of title 42, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Amendment to Executive Order 13295. Based upon the recommendation of the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in consultation with the Acting Surgeon General, and for the purposes set forth in section 1 of Executive Order 13295 of April 4, 2003, as amended by Executive Order 13375 of April 1, 2005, section 1 of Executive Order 13295 shall be further amended by replacing subsection (b) with the following: "(b) Severe acute respiratory syndromes, which are diseases that are associated with fever and signs and symptoms of pneumonia or other respiratory illness, are capable of being transmitted from person to person, and that either are causing, or have the potential to cause, a pandemic, or, upon infection, are highly likely to cause mortality or serious morbidity if not properly controlled. This subsection does not apply to influenza." Sec. 2. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect: (i) the authority granted by law to an executive department, agency, or the head thereof; or (ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals. (b) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.BARACK OBAMA

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