Read Ethel Wood packet pg. 431 (inset text)◦ Explain the term ‘White Man’s Burden’. What does it mean?◦ How was the White Man’s Burden true? How was it false?◦ What are some positive impacts of the Scramble for Africa?

Negative Impacts? (for Africa)◦ Do educated, developed and wealthy nations have a

responsibility to under-developed nations? Why/Why not?◦ Do educated and wealthy people have a responsibility to under-

privileged people? Why/Why not?◦ Do you agree or disagree with Social Darwinism? Explain your

answer.

‘White Man’s Burden’ Assignment

Social Darwinism - which allegedly sought to apply biological concepts of natural selection and survival of the fittest to sociology and politics.

Social Darwinists generally argue that the strong should see their wealth and power increase while the weak should see their wealth and power decrease

Scientific Racism – the use of scientific techniques and hypotheses to support or justify the belief in racism, racial inferiority, or racial superiority, or alternatively the practice of classifying individuals of different phenotypes into discrete races

Early 18th century – declining because of weak rulers◦ Survived b/c western Europe used it as a buffer zone between it

& Russia◦ Embraced some aspects of westernization (railroads, Euro-

constitution, education)

Abdul Hamid revokes Constitution & begins harsh rule◦ Young Turks- military officers who demanded reform, restore

1876 Constitution, removed Hamid from power in 1908◦ Growing fear from Arabs – embrace westernization??

Greeks won independence in 1830

Serbia won independence in 1867

Ottoman Empire

China & Imperialism Opium War Taiping Rebellion (1850s-60s)

◦ Hong Xiuquan (brother of Jesus)◦ Social reform, land redistribution,

liberation of women Self-strengthening movement 1st Sino-Japanese War (1894) Boxer Rebellion

◦ Killed missionaries, ended w/western intervention

Dowager Cixi Sun Yat-sen

◦ Western-educated, reformer, 1912 end of Qing Dynasty

• Capt. James Cook explored New Zealand and fertile eastern Australian coast (1769-1778)

• Cook’s visit• Australia: 650,000 hunting and gathering people (aboriginals)• New Zealand: 250,000 Maori – livelihood hunting, fishing and simple

agriculture• 19th century

• Australia: 93,000 aboriginals• New Zealand: 42,000 Maori

• 1st British settlers = 736 convicts (188 women)• 1851: Gold discovery brought free European settlers to the continent• New Zealand missionaries & settlers originally along the coast

• By 1820’s over-hunting nearly exterminated the seal population• Sperm Whales hunted for oil used in lamps, soap and lubrication

(over-hunted)• Canada – developed federal system in 1788 w/predominantly French

inhabitants • Consequences: est. parliamentary govs, commercial economies &

European cultural patterns

Colonization of Australia, New Zealand & Canada

Devoid of peasantry & vast frontier, stable two-party gov, religion not political

Manifest Destiny ◦ Indian wars, Mexican War and the Civil War

Americans moved out into the Pacific Ocean in the nineteenth century ◦ took control of Hawaii through threat of force (1820s-1880s signed series of treaties for

trade rights, 1890s growing US involvement)

Monroe Doctrine (1823): European involvement in North or South American regions would be seen as aggression

Japan – 1853 Commodore Matthew Perry

Spanish American War (1898)◦ Acquired the Philippines, Cuba, Guam and Puerto Rico

American Imperialism

Emergence of 2 Types of Colonies Tropical Dependencies

◦ Africa, Asia, & the South Pacific

◦ A few Europeans ruled many indigenous

Settler Colonies◦ 2 divisions

White dominions – Canada & Australia inhabited mostly by Europeans & their descendents, few indigenous Moved towards self-

government & parliamentary rule

Contested settler colonies- large Euro population w/large native populations (South Africa, Algeria, New Zealand, Hawaii) Clashed over control of

resources & social/cultural differences

S – Continued population growth for Europeans; race implies social class

P – British Empire (largest ever); European gov’t ideals spread;

I – Wars for land/resources; C – Spread of European culture, art,

language E – European wealth; dependent nations

suffer

Effects of Imperialism