Western CivilizationsWestern CivilizationsUnit 4Unit 4

CH 7 section 3 and 4CH 7 section 3 and 4The role of the ChurchThe role of the Church

Agricultural and Economic RevolutionAgricultural and Economic Revolution

Culture of the high middle agesCulture of the high middle ages

C. 1000-1300 ADC. 1000-1300 AD

The Expanded Role of the ClergyThe Expanded Role of the Clergy Church Hierarchy?Church Hierarchy?

The Role of Monks and NunsThe Role of Monks and Nuns St. Benedict St. Benedict (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for (Monte Cassino 529): The rules for

monastic lifemonastic life Missionary work (St. Boniface)Missionary work (St. Boniface) Manuscript illuminationManuscript illumination Hospitals, education of farmersHospitals, education of farmers

The Role of the Church in daily lifeThe Role of the Church in daily life Village Church (relics)Village Church (relics)

Supported by the Supported by the TitheTithe Cathedrals (run by Bishops) Cathedrals (run by Bishops)

by c. 1100by c. 1100 Begin to build in a new style Begin to build in a new style

called called GothicGothic which replaces which replaces RomanesqueRomanesque architecture architecture

Problems of the Holy Roman Problems of the Holy Roman Empire and the ChurchEmpire and the Church

This led to many abuses by the EmperorThis led to many abuses by the Emperor Lay investiture (Lay investiture (Church v. state authority)Church v. state authority)

Why so important to the Emperor?Why so important to the Emperor? SimonySimony (sale of Church offices) (sale of Church offices) Pluralism Pluralism (holding more than one office)(holding more than one office)

Changes in AgricultureChanges in Agriculture

Population explosion (38-74 mil. in 300 Population explosion (38-74 mil. in 300 years)years) The settlement of the 9The settlement of the 9thth century invaders led to century invaders led to

peace and stabilitypeace and stability Climate improvedClimate improved More land farmed = more foodMore land farmed = more food Changes in technology (next slide)Changes in technology (next slide)

Inventions and the Agricultural Inventions and the Agricultural Revolution (after 1000)Revolution (after 1000)

Water and wind millsWater and wind mills Heavier plows made of iron (Heavier plows made of iron (CarrucaCarruca)) Collar harness (horses instead of oxen)Collar harness (horses instead of oxen) The horseshoeThe horseshoe The three field systemThe three field system The resultThe result

Better crops, more food, better dietBetter crops, more food, better diet Between 1000 and 1300 the population of Western Between 1000 and 1300 the population of Western

Europe doubledEurope doubled

The Growth of TradeThe Growth of Trade Population explosion = an increase in demandPopulation explosion = an increase in demand

The first The first city statescity states ( (VeniceVenice, , GenoaGenoa, , PisaPisa) ) established trade with the East (Asia-Byz-Eur)established trade with the East (Asia-Byz-Eur)

Learning of Arabs and Greeks now appears in the WestLearning of Arabs and Greeks now appears in the West

New business practices made trade easier New business practices made trade easier ““The Commercial RevolutionThe Commercial Revolution”” Coins (money economy)Coins (money economy) Banking (letters of credit)Banking (letters of credit) Partnerships (joint stock Co’s)Partnerships (joint stock Co’s)

The Revival of TownsThe Revival of Towns Old Roman cities come back to lifeOld Roman cities come back to life

Craftsmen now produce goods for trade and Craftsmen now produce goods for trade and create the new middle class or create the new middle class or BourgeoisieBourgeoisie

GuildsGuilds: Apprentice, Journeyman, Master: Apprentice, Journeyman, Master Organizations of crafts workers (Organizations of crafts workers (unionsunions))

Government: right to rule themselves from Government: right to rule themselves from ChartersCharters obtained from the Lord or King obtained from the Lord or King

Town Life (dirty, smelly, dangerous)Town Life (dirty, smelly, dangerous) Labor lords eventually become land lordsLabor lords eventually become land lords

SerfsSerfs become rent paying become rent paying peasants peasants (tenant farmers)(tenant farmers)

Romanesque v. Gothic Architecture

Romanesque Architecture:Romanesque Architecture: 11 11thth and 12 and 12thth CenturiesCenturies Fortress like appearance, rounded arch, heavy Fortress like appearance, rounded arch, heavy

ceilings to support massive thick walls, small ceilings to support massive thick walls, small windows very little light or colorwindows very little light or color

Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture (Began in the late 1100’s) (Began in the late 1100’s) Between 1180 and 1270 80 Gothic Cathedrals were Between 1180 and 1270 80 Gothic Cathedrals were

built in Francebuilt in France Pointed arches (flying buttresses) high ceilings, thin Pointed arches (flying buttresses) high ceilings, thin

walls, stained glass windows, light, colorwalls, stained glass windows, light, color