High Middle Ages Europe from 1000 to 1300

High Middle AgesEurope from 1000 to 1300AP World History: Chapter 10 NotesChange in Western EuropeBy the year 1000 = invasions from outsiders (Vikings, Muslims, Magyars) had stoppedEither stopped or were absorbed into western European society Result = peace and stability = things took a positive turn in Western EuropeAt the same time = general climate change warmer conditions = better agriculture

Change in Western EuropePopulation of Europe more than doubledIncreased agricultureMore agriculture = more tradeMajor European centers of trade:Northern Europe from England to the Baltic coastItalian towns such as Florence, Genoa, and Venice

Change in Western EuropeLarge European trading fairs held merchants from Northern and Southern Europe met to trade products from their respective areas

Medieval Trade FairMedieval Trade Fairs

Change in Western EuropeThis led to the growth of bankingMoneychangers exchanged one currency for anotherAlso took deposits and arranged loansSet up ways to transfer money from one place to another

Change in Western EuropeIncreased population = increased urbanizationGrowth of cities/towns and different groups within themMerchantsBankersArtisansLawyers, doctors, and scholars

Change in Western EuropeGuilds = business associations organized by merchants and artisans in the same line of workCreated rules concerning foreign trading, pricing of goods, wages, etc.

GuildsGuilds were controlled by masters = artisans who owned their own shops and tools

GuildsApprentices worked for masters to learn the craft --> were not paidApprentices became journeymen and received payTo become a master, had to submit a sample of his work to the guild for approval

Growth of TownsA number of towns in western Europe grew tremendouslyTownspeople built walls around towns for protectionBuildings were mostly made of wood, making fire a constant hazard

Growth of TownsCities were dirty, smelled terribly, and had almost no sanitationGarbage and sewage tossed into the streetsCaused the rapid spread of diseases such as typhoid, influenza, and malariaCould become epidemics

Black DeathWorst = Bubonic Plague (1348-1350) --> killed 1/3 of the population = called the Black Death

Ring Around the Rosie

Ring around the RosieA pocketful of posiesAshes, ashesWe all fall downThe CrusadesThe Crusades = a series of 9 holy wars led by European Christians to recapture the holy lands and spread ChristianityLasted several centuriesAuthorized by the PopeBelief that it was Gods command

Pope Urban II calling for the CrusadesThe Crusades

The CrusadesParticipants = knights, peasants, middle-class, nobles, kings, church authorities all walks of life!Participants received:Indulgences = removed any penalties for their confessed sinsImmunity from lawsuitsCancellation of debtsHonor and glory

The CrusadesMost famous Crusades = those aimed at reclaiming Jerusalem and other holy places in the Middle East from the MuslimsCrusaders = very violent1099 = seizure of Jerusalem thousands of Muslims and Jewish people slaughtered

The CrusadesOther targets of the Crusaders:Muslims on the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)Lands along the Baltic SeaThe Byzantine Empire and RussiaEnemies of the PopesOpponents of the Catholic Church

The Crusades: ResultsRelatively unsuccessfulLittle lasting impactIncreased power of the popesAs a result of contact with the Islamic world, Europeans gained:A demand for Asian goodsMuslim scholarshipTechniques for producing sugar on large-scale plantations

The Crusades: ResultsGreater rift between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roman CatholicismGrowth of anti-SemitismSolidified cultural barriers