WATER, WATERWATER, WATERWHERE??WHERE??

With apologies toWith apologies toSAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGESAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE

authorauthor““The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner”The Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner”

December 5, 2006December 5, 2006

Waterworks Board

Corporation

Counsel

Controller Director, Contracts and Operations

Legal Support Fiscal Support

•Contracts

•Opinions

•Engage outside counsel

•Budget

•Fiscal monitor

•Planning

•Audit

•Approve plans

•Approve programs

•Receive reports and operational deliverables

•Evaluate incentives

•Water District activity coordination

Operations oversight

Note: Responsibilities list represents highlights of effort

Advisory

SAB

CAG

TAG

ObjectiveObjective• Is there an “industry standard” or guidance for Is there an “industry standard” or guidance for

how much water supply is “enough?” how much water supply is “enough?”

• There are many differing opinions on what is There are many differing opinions on what is considered considered enoughenough, ranging from:, ranging from:– Supply supported by the overall yield under 10-year Supply supported by the overall yield under 10-year

drought conditions to meet average daily demand drought conditions to meet average daily demand projected for 20 years; to projected for 20 years; to

– Enough water to withstand a 50-year drought and Enough water to withstand a 50-year drought and meet average demand projected for 50 years; to meet average demand projected for 50 years; to

– Enough water to withstand a 100-year drought and Enough water to withstand a 100-year drought and meet maximum day demand projected for 50 years; to meet maximum day demand projected for 50 years; to

– What is vaguely described in ‘10 States Standards’. What is vaguely described in ‘10 States Standards’.

IWIW GrowthGrowth PolicyPolicy

• Offer water (retail, wholesale, agreement) Offer water (retail, wholesale, agreement) within IURC-approved rate structurewithin IURC-approved rate structure

• Offer services to “by-passed” areasOffer services to “by-passed” areas

• Coordinate with communities affected by Coordinate with communities affected by providing or extending water servicesproviding or extending water services

• Provide for water supply consistent with Provide for water supply consistent with projected needs of central Indianaprojected needs of central Indiana

Reference: Adapted from the Indianapolis Department of Waterworks Growth Policy, 030602

Definition: Water SupplyDefinition: Water Supply

• Volumetric supply availability shouldn’t be confused Volumetric supply availability shouldn’t be confused with supply capacity. Capacity is usually targeted at with supply capacity. Capacity is usually targeted at maximum day demand plus ten percent reserve. (SD)maximum day demand plus ten percent reserve. (SD)

• Varies widely, dependent on a number of factors (EM):Varies widely, dependent on a number of factors (EM):– By community;By community;– Climate;Climate;– How diverse the local supply mix is (i.e. vulnerability to How diverse the local supply mix is (i.e. vulnerability to

shortage);shortage);– How much "reliability" is affordable;How much "reliability" is affordable;– What the economic effects of shortages would be;What the economic effects of shortages would be;– Risk tolerance;Risk tolerance;– Development community angst/pressure;Development community angst/pressure;– Etc. (EM)Etc. (EM)

Planning Challenges 2002Planning Challenges 2002

• Insufficient Rated Treatment Capacity to Insufficient Rated Treatment Capacity to Meet Peak Demand ConditionsMeet Peak Demand Conditions

• Lack of Sufficient Potable Water StorageLack of Sufficient Potable Water Storage– Projected DeficitProjected Deficit

• Lack of Dependable Supply & Treatment Lack of Dependable Supply & Treatment Capacity to Meet Long-Term DemandCapacity to Meet Long-Term Demand– Projected DeficitProjected Deficit

METRICS ADOPTEDMETRICS ADOPTEDbyby

IW BOARD MAR 06IW BOARD MAR 06

• Achieve peak day demand 99% of Achieve peak day demand 99% of timetime

• Have storage capacity at 50% of Have storage capacity at 50% of daily average volumedaily average volume

• System pressure minimum 20 PSI System pressure minimum 20 PSI with 30 PSI goalwith 30 PSI goal

Groundwater AvailabilityGroundwater Availability

Source: IDNR

Generalized Aquifer Production Capacity

TERRY AIRPORT

Water Production FacilitiesWater Production Facilities

Indianapolis Water Service Indianapolis Water Service AreaArea

Planning HorizonPlanning Horizon• Generally, no clear preference for a specific Generally, no clear preference for a specific

planning horizon; 50 to 100 years is a reasonable planning horizon; 50 to 100 years is a reasonable timeframe. timeframe.

• As for safe yield, the most common criteria is the As for safe yield, the most common criteria is the 100-year drought, but some agencies may 100-year drought, but some agencies may require a drought of record. require a drought of record.

• State agencies often dictate what is appropriate State agencies often dictate what is appropriate to use for safe yield analysis and planning to use for safe yield analysis and planning horizons, as they have often developed a water horizons, as they have often developed a water management program that defines "critical use management program that defines "critical use areas" or similar designations that warrant source areas" or similar designations that warrant source evaluations and demand management, together evaluations and demand management, together with consideration of environmental requirements with consideration of environmental requirements such as minimum in-stream flows. such as minimum in-stream flows.

Consumption TrendsConsumption Trends

Wabash River AquiferTippecanoe County

Lake MonroeMonroe County

Big Blue River AquiferShelby County

East Fork White River AquiferBartholomew County

Mid. Wabash Reservoirs

Waverly Aquifer

Teays Aquifer

Paragon Aquifer

River Road Aquifer

More Than one Potential More Than one Potential Additional Source of WaterAdditional Source of Water

Brookville Reservoir

TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmission

White River WTP

Wabash River

Aquifer

Route 1Along US-52 & I-65~ 66 miles

Route 2Along Railways~ 71 miles

White River WTP

Source:

Brookville Lake

TransmissionTransmissionTransmissionTransmissionRouteRoute

~74 miles~74 miles

60 mgd60 mgd

Supply Estimate Supply Estimate ConsiderationsConsiderations

• A geometry-based estimate may A geometry-based estimate may grossly underestimate the grossly underestimate the available storage from a available storage from a reservoirreservoir

• When modeled, the Geist When modeled, the Geist Reservoir was determined to Reservoir was determined to have 487 days storage, as have 487 days storage, as compared to 161 days compared to 161 days (estimated using a geometric (estimated using a geometric approach)… 3 times the storageapproach)… 3 times the storage

• If we apply the same factor to If we apply the same factor to Morse Reservoir, supply can be Morse Reservoir, supply can be estimated to last 111 – 183 daysestimated to last 111 – 183 days

19

GeistGeistReservoir Supply EstimateReservoir Supply Estimate

Approach 1 Approach 1 –– GeometryGeometry

AssumesAssumes No inflow to reservoirNo inflow to reservoir

29.3 29.3 mgdmgddemanddemand

161 days161 days

Approach 2 Approach 2 –– ModelModel

AssumesAssumes Simulated drought Simulated drought

conditions with regard to conditions with regard to precipitation and precipitation and evaporationevaporation

29.3 29.3 mgdmgddemanddemand

487 days487 days

Days Supply =

Usable Volume (MG)Demand (MGD)

Geist Reservoir Dimensions

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

0 300 600 900 1,200 1,500 1,800 2,100 2,400 2,700 3,000 3,300 3,600 3,900 4,200 4,500 4,800 5,100 5,400 5,700 6,000 6,300

Volume (MG)

Su

rfac

e A

rea

(acr

es)

5% 25% 100%

Geist Reservoir VolumeGeist Reservoir Volume

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

Oct-33 Apr-34 Oct-34 Apr-35 Oct-35 Apr-36 Oct-36 Apr-37 Oct-37 Apr-38 Oct-38 Apr-39 Oct-39 Apr-40 Oct-40 Apr-41 Oct-41 Apr-42 Oct-42 Apr-43 Oct-43

Rem

ain

ing

Sto

rag

e (

MG

)

Geist Reservoir SimulationGeist Reservoir Simulation(25% unusable reservoir volume, 29.3 mgd demand, 5 mgd minimum (25% unusable reservoir volume, 29.3 mgd demand, 5 mgd minimum stream flow)stream flow)

19331933 19431943

487 487 daysdays

FullFull

““Empty”Empty”

36.7

36.1

35.5

34.8

34.2

31.9

31.3

30.6

30.0

29.3

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

0 5 10 15 20 25

Unusable Volume Assumption (% of Total)

Saf

e Y

ield

(m

gd

)

No Minimum Release from Keystone Dam 5 mgd Minimum Release from Keystone Dam

Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek SystemSystemRaw Water Yield EstimatesRaw Water Yield Estimates

Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek Geist Reservoir – Fall Creek Surface Water SystemSurface Water System

Geist ReservoirGeist Reservoir

DamDam

Keystone DamKeystone Dam

Fall Creek Fall Creek WTPWTP

Fall

Cre

ek

Fall

Cre

ek

Mud

Cre

ek

Mud

Cre

ek

FortvilleFortvilleUSGS USGS

stream gagestream gage0335033515001500

USGS stream gageUSGS stream gage

0335033522002200

MillersvilleMillersvilleUSGS stream gageUSGS stream gage0335033525002500

Geist Reservoir – Fall CreekGeist Reservoir – Fall Creek

Surface Surface Water Balance Water Balance ModelModel

Geist Reservoir

Flow from Mud Creek

into Fall Creek

Flow to Fall Creek WTP

Fall Creek Flow(Millersville Gage)

Fall Creek Flow(Fortville Gage)

Fall

Cre

ek

Precipitation from

entire drainage

area

Precipitation from

entire drainage

area

Evaporation fro

m

reservoir

Geist Reservoir Supply Geist Reservoir Supply EstimateEstimate• Approach 1 – Approach 1 –

GeometryGeometry

• AssumesAssumes– No inflow to No inflow to

reservoirreservoir– 29.3 mgd demand29.3 mgd demand

• 161 days161 days

• Approach 2 – ModelApproach 2 – Model

• AssumesAssumes– Simulated drought Simulated drought

conditions with conditions with regard to regard to precipitation and precipitation and evaporationevaporation

– 29.3 mgd demand29.3 mgd demand

• 487 days487 days

WTP Capacity During WTP Capacity During DroughtDrought

New WTP

Capacity

= Yield – Existing

WTP Capacity

New WTP

Capacity

= 1.31 x 29.3 – 32

New WTP

Capacity

= 6.4 mgd

Assumes: drought of record, 25% unusable reservoir volume, no groundwater use