Warm Up 9/17/08Warm Up 9/17/081)1) A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if ____.A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if ____.

a. the entire scientific community accepts ita. the entire scientific community accepts itb. the hypothesis is tested extensively and b. the hypothesis is tested extensively and competing competing hypotheses are eliminatedhypotheses are eliminatedc. there are no other competing hypothesesc. there are no other competing hypothesesd. the hypothesis can be tested at least onced. the hypothesis can be tested at least once

2)2) According to the nebular hypothesis, our solar system According to the nebular hypothesis, our solar system formed from a huge rotating cloud made mostly of formed from a huge rotating cloud made mostly of ____.____.a.a. carbon and hydrogen carbon and hydrogen c. oxygen and heliumc. oxygen and heliumb.b. helium and hydrogen helium and hydrogen d. nitrogen and oxygend. nitrogen and oxygen

3)3) What is the study of the atmosphere and the What is the study of the atmosphere and the processes that produce weather and climate?processes that produce weather and climate?a.a. oceanography oceanography c. meteorologyc. meteorologyb. geologyb. geology d. astronomyd. astronomy

Answers: 1) b. 2) b. 3) c.Answers: 1) b. 2) b. 3) c.

A View of EarthA View of Earth

Chapter 1, Section 2Chapter 1, Section 2

Earth’s Major SpheresEarth’s Major Spheres• Earth can be thought of as consisting of four Earth can be thought of as consisting of four

major spheres: the hydrosphere, major spheres: the hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biosphereatmosphere, geosphere, and biosphere

• Hydrosphere –Hydrosphere – the water portion of Earth the water portion of Earth• Atmosphere –Atmosphere – the gaseous portion of a the gaseous portion of a

planet; the planet’s envelope of airplanet; the planet’s envelope of air• Geosphere –Geosphere – layer of Earth under both the layer of Earth under both the

atmosphere and the oceansatmosphere and the oceans• Because the geosphere is not uniform, it is Because the geosphere is not uniform, it is

divided into three main parts based on divided into three main parts based on differences in composition—the differences in composition—the corecore, the , the mantlemantle, and the , and the crustcrust

• Biosphere –Biosphere – all life on Earth; the parts of the all life on Earth; the parts of the solid Earth, hydrosphere, and atmosphere in solid Earth, hydrosphere, and atmosphere in which living organisms can be foundwhich living organisms can be found

Earth’s Layered StructureEarth’s Layered Structure

Concept CheckConcept Check

• What are Earth’s four major spheres?What are Earth’s four major spheres?

• The hydrosphere, atmosphere, The hydrosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and biospheregeosphere, and biosphere

Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics• There are two types of forces affecting There are two types of forces affecting

Earth’s surfaceEarth’s surface• Destructive forcesDestructive forces such as weathering and such as weathering and

erosion work to wear away high points and erosion work to wear away high points and flatten out the surfaceflatten out the surface

• Constructive forcesConstructive forces such as mountain such as mountain building and volcanism build up the building and volcanism build up the surface by raising land and depositing new surface by raising land and depositing new material in the form of lavamaterial in the form of lava

• The theory that finally emerged, called The theory that finally emerged, called plate tectonics, provided geologists with a plate tectonics, provided geologists with a model to explain how earthquakes and model to explain how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur and how volcanic eruptions occur and how continents movecontinents move

Earth’s Major PlatesEarth’s Major Plates

Concept CheckConcept Check

• What is the difference between What is the difference between destructive forces and constructive destructive forces and constructive forces?forces?

• Constructive forces build up the Constructive forces build up the surface material, whereas surface material, whereas destructive forces destroy surface destructive forces destroy surface materialmaterial

AssignmentAssignment

• Read Chapter 1, Section 2 (pg. 6-10)Read Chapter 1, Section 2 (pg. 6-10)

• Do Chapter 1 Assessment #1-36 (pg. Do Chapter 1 Assessment #1-36 (pg. 29-30)29-30)

• For Section 2: Do #’s 3, 9, 12, 13, 24-For Section 2: Do #’s 3, 9, 12, 13, 24-26, 34, 3626, 34, 36

ASSIGNMENT:ASSIGNMENT:• Create a Create a COMIC POSTER: (15 pts)COMIC POSTER: (15 pts)

Use page 4 of TextUse page 4 of Text

•6 6 Frames.Frames.

•6 6 captionscaptions..

•6 6 COLORCOLOR drawings drawings that illustrate each that illustrate each phase of Nebular Hypothesisphase of Nebular Hypothesis

• DUE: TURN-IN DUE: TURN-IN End of Period.End of Period.• 2.5 pts = Captions2.5 pts = Captions• 10 pts = Illustrations…use color!!!10 pts = Illustrations…use color!!!• 2.5 pts = Effort2.5 pts = Effort