UMTS/HSDPA Indoor Coverage SolutionRevolutionary changes have been occurring in the mobile communications industry. One dominant trend is the strong growth of 3G technologies. Another one is the rapid growth and diffusion of the Internet, which has led to the demand for global information connectivity. Among the technologies that are likely to fulfill these combined demands, UMTS/HSDPA is expected to play a major role. Second generation cellular communication technologies were designed to provide voice services but are not suitable for supporting high speed Internet traffic. Moreover, these technologies are not universally compatible across all countries and among different cellular service providers. UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) are expected to be popular with users in the near future as they can overcome the limitations of cellular communication by providing "universal connectivity" and support for high speed Internet traffic. According to ZTE research, as most subscribers are indoors when they use data services, the indoor environment will become a critical coverage area for 3G network construction, and operators will boost their ARPU if they can provide better indoor coverage. Typical indoor coverage methods There are many methods for achieving indoor coverage, utilising for example Micro/Pico Node B, Repeater, DAS and Radio over Fibre. All these can meet indoor coverage requirements in different environments.

Model for UMTS indoor coverage solution1.Micro/Pico Node B Usually, an indoor Micro/Pico Node B with built-in antenna or mounted antenna is applicable for indoor coverage of supermarkets, department stores and basements, effectively providing enhanced coverage and added capacity to these areas. However, the total coverage achievable by this method is limited. 2.Repeater The Repeater operates on efficient working bands with selected passive RF filters. It automatically inspects antenna isolation and sets gain to avoid self-excitation, thus ensuring the devices work steadily. The Repeater also restrains adjacent channels by applying a filter to the intermediate frequency. The Repeater can improve signal quality for indoor coverage in areas such as office buildings, shopping malls, large parking lots, exhibition halls and factories.3.DAS (Distributed Antenna System) The DAS distributes wireless indoor signals from macro/micro Node Bs via active or passive coaxial optical cable or leaky cables. DAS can extend coverage into locations where outdoor radio signals do not reach. Requiring only the antenna and minimal electronics at the antenna site, this solution is able to serve hard-to-reach radio coverage areas such as subways and tunnels but involves more investment. It can also be applied for coverage of multiple floors within a building and spacious indoor areas. 4.RoF (Radio over Fibre) The RoF system features a main unit and a remote unit. The main unit couples the signals directly from BTS to ensure the quality of signals received by the remote unit. The output power of ZTEs Remote Unit (ZXIB-RoF) is 30mW, 50mW, 200mW, 500mW, 1W and 2W. Usually, one main unit can drive eight remote units simultaneously, with the maximum distance between them reaching 10km. The system works steadily through high linearity analogue optical devices.ZTEs HSDPA indoor coverage solution and application scenario1.Pico Node B HSDPA indoor coverage solution

Pico Node B (B01C) for large ZTE provides high-performance Pico Node B (B01C) for large buildings, aerodromes, railway stations and malls that have high calling traffic. Pico Node B can connect with indoor DAS includes passive coaxial DAS and fibre-based DAS.

DAS and fibre-based DAS.ZTE Pico Node B indoor coverage solutionZTE Pico Node B has the following features: Large capacity for hotspots Wall or ceiling mounted antenna for indoor and outdoor use Multi-operator indoor installation Feeding active DAS Connect Indoor Booster for installed passive DAS Support HSDPA and software upgrade to HSUPA2. Pico Node B solution application scenario

Application scenario of ZTE Pico Node B solution Application scenario of ZTE Pico Node B solutionZTE Pico Node B can be equipped with an integrated antenna or combine with DAS for coverage of medium and large buildings, which could not be sufficiently covered by outdoor cells. 3. ZTE RPC solution ZTE also recommends HSDPA indoor coverage through the RPC (Radio Process Centre) comprising a BBUA (Base Band Unite A) and an RRU (Remote Radio Unit). Operators place the BBUA in a central equipment room so that its processing ability can be shared by several RRUs to provide ubiquitous coverage and high capacity. The ZTE RPC is suitable for large buildings, aerodromes, railway stations and malls which have high calling traffic. The RPC can also connect with an indoor DAS.

ZTE RPC indoor coverage solutionThe ZTE RPC solution can enhance indoor coverage with high capacity and low cost. Features include: Pico RRU is only an RF unit with lower power consumption than a Node B Pico RRU can be upgraded smoothly to support multiple carriers Easy capacity expansion by adding baseband boards As the Pico RRU shares the resources of the baseband pool, it is a low cost solution in the initial stage of network construction Given high bandwidth, the transmission rates with the BBUA and the Pico RRU remain stable Support HSDPA and software upgrade to HSUPA.4.RPC application scenario The ZTE RPC can meet the capacity and quality requirements of indoor coverage. There are many areas that are insufficiently covered such as office buildings, hotels, apartments, underground parking lots, high building roofs, subways, tunnels and elevators. There are also areas with high traffic providing insufficient capacity such as shopping centres, sport centres, exhibition halls, railway stations and airports. Handover or call drop can always happen in marginal areas where signals are weak. ZTE RPC can be used in such scenarios including: Blind areas like skyscrapers where signals are weak

Application scenario of ZTE RPC High-traffic areas where subscribers cannot get a line even in a building with full coverage Areas where drop rates or handovers take place frequently due to the complexity of signals Good in-building coverage plays an important role in attracting and retaining subscribers. Indoor solutions offer operators good business opportunities and are fundamental if not mandatory for any 3G operator. As a major telecoms equipment supplier, ZTE can provide multiple HSDPA indoor coverage methods to meet customers different requirements and to help operators improve their network performance to increase ARPU. Share