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TRAINING REPORTTRAINING REPORT

ONONCOMMUNICATION & SIGNALLING ATCOMMUNICATION & SIGNALLING AT

RAILWAYSRAILWAYS

SITE OF TRAININGSITE OF TRAININGSignal And Tele EngineeringSignal And Tele Engineering DepptDeppt, East Central, East Central

Railway Zonal Head Quarter ECRRailway Zonal Head Quarter ECR HajipurHajipur

Submitted by:-

SHARIQUE ALI ASGHAR

Roll no- E/07/113

Sem- 7th (Final year)

Regn no- 07/AFED/749



INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONy Indian Railway is the state-owned railway company of India, which owns and operates most of the

country's rail transport. It is overseen by the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India.

y India boasts one of the world·s largest railway network in the world. Every day, 20 million people travel

around the country in hundreds of trains running between various stations smoothly and safely.

y

y The formal inauguration ceremony of IR was performed on 16th April 1853 with the first passenger

train steamed out of Howrah station destined for Hooghly, a distance of 36 km, on 15th August, 1854 .

y

y Snapshots

y

y It encompasses 6,909 stations over a total route length of more than

y 63,028 kilometres of route length and a track length of 111,600 km .

y It is one of the world's largest commercial or utility employers, with more than 1.6 million employees.

y It grossed a revenue of `Rs. 88,355 cr and bagging a net income of `Rs. 951 cr in the financial year 2009-

10 .

y It moves 2 million tons of freight & 20 million people daily across the county with the help of 200,000

(freight) wagons.

y 7,000 passenger trains across the country services 20 million people to their destinations .

y

Vivek Sahai is the current Chairman of Railway Board .



Pr actical Tr aining under ECRPr actical Tr aining under ECR

We've received the scheduled Summer PracticalTraining, as a part of our curriculum, from 29 June,

2010 ² 10 Aug, 2010 under ASTE/Planning ECR

Hajipur.

We've studied about the following operational

technologies in the IR ²

Signaling

y Data Logger

y IVRS

y PRS/UTS



PRINCIPLES OF TRAIN WORKINGPRINCIPLES OF TRAIN WORKING

AND NEED FOR SIGNALINGAND NEED FOR SIGNALINGy All over the world Railway transportation is increasingly used, as this mode

of transport is more energy efficient and environmentally friendly than roadtransportation. Trains move on steel rail tracks and wheels of the railwayvehicle are also flanged Steel wheels. Hence least friction occurs at thepoint of contact between the track & wheels.

y Therefore trains carry more loads resulting in higher traffic capacity sincetrains move on specific tracks called rails, their path is to be fully guided andthere is no arrangement of steering. Clear of obstruction as available withroad transportation, so there is a need to provide control on themovement of trains in the form of Railway signals which indicate to thedrivers to stop or move and also the speed at which they can pass a signal.

y Since the load carried by the trains and the speed which the trains canattain are high, they need more braking distance before coming to the stopfrom full speed.Without signal to be available on the route to constantlyguide the driver accidents will take place due to collisions.



TYPES OF SIGNALSTYPES OF SIGNALSy Signal

y

Signal is a medium to convey a particular pre-determined meaning in non-verbal form.

y Multiple Aspect Color Light Signal (MACLS)

y Multiple means more than 2 indications .They may have 3 or 4 different aspects or

indications to be given to the driver. These signals have longer range of visibility andImproved reliability.

Classification of CLS



ECR Divisions uses ser vices of ECR Divisions uses ser vices of

Data logger s since '2002·.Data logger s since '2002·.

y Technically speaking, a data logger is any device that can be used to storedata. This includes many data acquisition devices such as plug-in boards orserial communication systems which use a computer as a real time datarecording system.

y However, most instrument manufacturers consider a data logger astandalone device that can read various types of electrical signals and storethe data in internal memory for later download to a computer.

y The advantage of data loggers is that they can operate independently of a

computer, unlike many other types of data acquisition devices.

y Contemplating over the fact that 98% of accidents happen due to incorrectsignal perception, data logger serves as a boon to thwart such fallacies.



COMPUTERIZED PASSENGERCOMPUTERIZED PASSENGER

RESERVATION SYSTEMRESERVATION SYSTEMy INTRODUCTION

y The IR carries about 5.5 lakh passengers in Reservation reservedaccommodation every day.

y The computerized Passenger Reservation System (PRS) facilitatesbooking and Cancelling of tickets from any of the4000Terminals(i.e. PRS booking windows)all over the country.

y These tickets can be booked or cancelled for journeys

commencing in any party of India and ending in any other part,with travels times as long as 72 hour and distances up to severalthousands kilometre.

y There are mainly 5 servers in INDIA. These are New Delhi ,

Kolkata, Chennai, Mumbai & sikandrabad.



EQUIPMENTS

y The equipment used in PRS ar e

y Modem

y Multiplexing Equipment

y End terminal.

MODEM

y Modem are used for communication various computer or between Computer & terminals over ordinary orleased(dedicated ) telephone lines.

y We can use modems to log on to micro, mini, main frame computer for line processing.We can use them to

connect two remote computers for data.

How does modem work s

y The word modem in feed is derived from the words modulate & demodulator.

y Computer communicate in digital languages while telephone lines communicate in analog language. So an intermediator required which can communicate both these language .

y Modem transmits information between computer bit by one stream. To represent a bit (or group of bits),

modem modulates the characteristics of the wave that are carried by telephone lines.y The rate at which the modem change these characteristics determines the transmission speed of data

transmission .The rate of modem is called bound rate of modem.

y The bound rate of modem is bits per second. In advance modulation such as quadrature amplitude modulate 4bits & transmitted it in each band. Thus the speed of the modem transmitting at 600 band would be 2400 bps.

y The modems can transmit data in two formats: Asynchronous & Synchronous.

y The analog modem switch at each location is connected to analog modems of the main as well as the stand bylinks. If the main links fails , the switch units at either end switch the user equipment at the stand by link.Whenthe main links get restored, the analog modem switches the user equipment back to main link.



Multiplexing Equipment

y There are two type multiplexing equipments for eachchannel.

y The multiplexer used may be of 8-ports or 16-port.The data is get multiplexed at the rate of the 96KBps.The multiplexing generally of analog type.

End Ter minal

y The end terminals of system is the station where thetickets to be Printed out . The terminal consists of a

computer system with a dot matrix printer. Thenumber of the total end terminal at the station can beincreased or decreased according to the multiplexingused.



IVRS (Inter active voice r esponse system)IVRS (Inter active voice r esponse system)INTRODUCTION

The system in which, the information available in the computer is retrievedby the user in the form of voice with the help of the interaction betweentelephone and computer is known as Interactive Voice Respond System(IVRS).

y With the help of this system information regarding public reservation;arrival /departure of train; fare can be delivered to user when and where it

is asked through telephone.y Each section control office is having a computer called DATA ENTRY

y COMPUTER along with dial up/lease line modem which is used for linkingthe computer of other control offices either directly or through serveravailable at Church Gate . Each control office computer is identified ascheck / data entry point. Information regarding the running of the train can

be registered or checked at every 15 minutes duration.y At place where the information is to be retrieve through Telephone, an

another computer is linked with data entry computer called IVRSCOMPUTER, which is connected to data entry computer by ETHERNETCARD. These computers read the information from data entry computerand then convert it to voice for user purpose.



HARDWAREHARDWAREDATA ENTRY TERMINAL

It is a personal computer of more than 166 MHz with 16 MBRAM; 2.1 GB Hard disk; 101 key keyboard; a mouse & acolour monitor.

MODEM

y The data entry terminals are linked with lease line/ dialupmodem of speed better than 33.6 KBPS.

IVRS TERMINAL

y

It is Pentium 133 MHz P.C. with 24 port dialogic cards calledIVRS card capable to respond on both pulse and tone. Out of 24 ports ²4 ports are used for voice and FAX on demand; 2ports are used for railway PSTN lines; 2 ports are used forfare inquiry and rest 16 ports are used for train inquiry.



SOFTWARESOFTWARETher e ar e thr ee types of softwar e.

It is f r iendly user softwar e, which is used to record the train schedule timing information in data files.

y This softwar e is having following facilities,

1) The system is secured by 3 stages of password facility.

(2) It is having the facility for data entry of running/schedule time.

(3) Entry for expected arrival/ departure.

(4) Addition and removal of data entry points.

(5) Addition and removal of train in the system.(6) Changes in the database for timetable; fare table etc.

(7) This software is having a facility to generate the report of

(a) Status of running train as per³

According to train

According to control office

As per a specific interval

(b) Information of train, when the train is late more than specific hours.

(c) Summary of any train running over the month.

(d) It also shows the train graph.

(8) It restricts the entry of train after a specific period i.e. the file is deleted for a train after 2 hours of its arrival;and deletes the files which are 48 hours old and restructure/reorganize the files.



COMMUNICATION SOFTWARECOMMUNICATION SOFTWARE

y This software works on the principle of packet switching in which eachtrain file is developed in the form of packet along with destination address.

y In IVRS system Mumbai Central computer acts as HUB and it will dial or

y connect through lease line after a specific interval to the data entrycomputers of different control offices and exchange the files with them.

y When a pop file is generated after every 15 minutes in data entrycomputer, then file is transferred to its queue directory.When HUBcomputer is connected to data entry computer, HUB searches the filesfrom queue directory and then down load in its receive directory andsimilarly the queue directory files available in HUB will be received andstored by data entry computer. By this way the queue directory files are

exchanged and updated.y The communication software is also having the facility for CRC check

(cyclic redundancy check) and receive check. So in case of line failure ormodem faulty, when the file could not be exchanged, then HUB try toestablish the link and if is not able to exchange, then it will create alarm; andshow link break



OLTRIS SOFTWAREOLTRIS SOFTWARE

The main aim of the system is to provide ́ ON LINE TRAINRUNNING INFORMATIONµ like termination of the train beforeschedule ; changed the route of the train; accident of train;abnormal delay/late of the train and so on. So the software isdeveloped to support all the abnormal activity.

y This softwar e is having the following facilities:

a) It is having the facility to interact with both pulse and tone users.

b) It is having a facility of FAX on demand, for that separate terminalis provided.

c) It is supporting and select more than one language.d) According to traffic, ports can be increased or decreased.

e) It is having the facility of mailbox.

f) It is having the facility of according the calls on each port and givea report of no. of calls in 24 hours and the calls in a specific

period.

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