Objective Develop a basic approach and understanding NXT.

Structures Theory Hands-on

Programming Skills

WHAT IS A ROBOT?

Main component of roboticsExamine the surroundingsIdentify source of input

ENVIRONMENTLamp, moving object, noise, wallEnvironmentSensor input

Respond and collects data from surroundings and hundreds of other activities without help from its human creator

INPUTLamp, moving object, noise, wallEnvironmentLight, ultrasonic, sound, touchInputSensor inputSend for processTouch, Light, Sound, UltrasonicMain component of robotics

EnvironmentInputProcessA program is a set of instructions for my robot. Programming is what you do when you create a program.PROCESSLamp, moving object, noise, wallLight, ultrasonic, sound, touchControllerSensor inputSend for processChoose outputTouch, Light, Sound, UltrasonicMain component of robotics

EnvironmentInputProcessOutputMove forward, back, right or leftDisplay picture on NXT displayPlay sound though NXT speakerControl the lamp brightnessOUTPUTLamp, moving object, noise, wallLight, ultrasonic, sound, touchControllerMotor rotation, brightness, displaySensor inputSend for processChoose outputOutcomeTouch, Light, Sound, UltrasonicMain component of robotics

Lamp, moving object, noise, wallEnvironmentLight, ultrasonic, sound, touchInputControllerProcessMotor rotation, brightness, displayOutputMove forward, follow line, climbing poleResultSensor inputSend for processChoose outputOutcomeThen youve got a robot.RESULTIn a nutshell, a robot should be able to move and react all on its ownTouch, Light, Sound, UltrasonicMain component of robotics

All components must keep on repeatingRESULTLamp, moving object, noise, wallEnvironmentLight, ultrasonic, sound, touchInputControllerProcessMotor rotation, brightness, displayOutputMove forward, follow line, climbing poleResultSensor inputSend for processChoose outputOutcomeThen youve got a robot.Touch, Light, Sound, UltrasonicMain component of robotics

NOTE: Transformer for rechargeable battery is not included in 9797 Base SetStorage solution & sorting traysBuilding instructions (printed)

Element itemQuantity in SetIntelligent NXT Brick1Rechargeable battery1Interactive servo motor3Touch sensor 2Sound sensor1Light sensor1Ultrasonic sensor1USB wire1Connection cables, different lengths7Lamps3Converter cable3Total piece count (all elements in set)437

9 volt geared motorWithout load, motor shaft turns at about 150 rpm.Servo sensitive to 1 degree.Built-in rotation sensor measures exact speed and distanceEnables precise motor control

- motors will align the speed when your robot moves

Hub with an axle hole for attaching a wheel

Built-in gearingMotor coreTachometer for Built-in Rotation SensorINTERACTIVE SERVO MOTOR

Detects pressure (pressed, released or bumped)

Detects touching or bumping into something.

Counts single press and multiple presses

LEGO cross axle attachable to sensor button

TOUCH SENSOR

Shines a red light.Reads reflection from IR emitterReads light intensity from surroundings

Operates in "percent" mode

- 0 to 100- A lighter surface reflects more light.IR emitter can be turned off

LIGHT SENSOR

Enables your robot to see and detect objects.

Make your robot avoid obstacles, sense and measure distance, and detect movement.

Measures distance in centimeters and in inches.

It is able to measure distances from 0 to 255 centimeters or 100 inch

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

The Sound Sensor detects decibels. A decibel is a measurement of sound pressure.

The Sound Sensor can measure sound pressure levels up to 90 dB about the level

of a lawnmower.

4-5% is like a silent living room 5-10% would be someone talking some distance away 10-30% is normal conversation close to the sensor or music played at a normal level 30-100% are people shouting or music being played at a high volumeSOUND SENSOR

INTELLIGENT NXT BRICK3 Motor Outputs(A, B, C)4 Sensor Inputs (1, 2, 3, 4)Go Back buttonRight buttonOn/Select button100 x 64 pixel LCD graphical display USB USB 2.0 port (12 Mbit/s)Left buttonLoud speaker - 8 KHz sound quality

Software files Programs you have downloaded from your computer. NXT files Programs you have made on the NXT. Sound files Sounds that are part of a program that you download. MY FILES

Sleep mode: Can be set to turn off when it is not being used. You can also select the Never setting so that the NXT remains on until you turn it off. Change Volume: Here you can adjust the volume of the speakers in a range of 0 (Off) to 4 (Loud). Delete all programs: You are able to delete the programs from four subfolders: Software files, NXT files, Sound files, and Try Me files.SETTINGS

VIEW

Try SoundTRY ME

Outputs 3 Motor & 1 Lamp (Port A, B, C)Inputs 4 Sensor Inputs (Port 1, 2, 3, 4)Rechargeable Battery

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5 MINUTE ROBOT8 Studs Long

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Light Sensor

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5 MINUTE ROBOTDONE!!!!!!!

SENSORSPort 1 Touch sensorPort 2 Sound sensorPort 3 Light sensorPort 4 Ultrasonic sensorMOTORSPort B Left motorPort C Right motorROBOT CABLE CONNECTION

NXT 2.1 PROGRAMMING

Give a meaningful file name & click on Go button CREATE A FILE NAME

MOVERECORD/PLAYSOUNDDISPLAYWAITLOOPSWITCH

Drag & Drop Icon To Here

NXT WindowDownloadStopDownload & Run SelectedDownload & RunCheck Information In NXT, battery level & memory.

Download the program to NXT.

Program will run autonomous after downloading finish.

Selected block/program will downloaded & run autonomous after downloading finish.

Whole program will stop.

Pointer toolPan toolComment toolUSER INTERFACE

Types of pallet: common, complete and custom

ROBOT MOVEMENT

HOW IS THE MOVEMENT FOR ROBOT ?STEERING CONTROL

DRIVE FORWARDPlace your robot on mat no. 2, starting position 1.

WAIT BLOCK

TIMETOUCHLIGHTSOUNDDISTANCE

SENSORSTIMETOUCHLIGHTSOUNDDISTANCE

Program a robot will drive forward until it detects a touch, then stop.

TOUCH SENSOR

TOUCH SENSOR

Program a robot will drive forward until it detects a obstacle, then stop.

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Program a robot will drive forward until it detects a black line, then stop.

LIGHT SENSOR

LIGHT SENSOR

MULTI TASKSRun a difference task at the same time.Program will run in parallel sequence.Useful for controlling different motor for different task .

PARALLEL PROGRAMLeft click & drag from start to another sequence bean .

MY BLOCKYou can create your own custom programming blocks. Useful when developing complex programs.Can re-use.

BeforeAfter

CREATE MY BLOCKHighlight selected blocks.Click Create My Block Button.

Give a meaningful name to new custom my block.Give a description to this my block.Click on next button for design the custom my block icon.Click finish to save the new custom my block.

Your new custom My Block created.

Select custom platte.Select, drag & drop the custom my block.

DONE!!

CUSTOM PLATTE1234

LINE FOLLOWER

500100DARKLIGHT

ONE LIGHT SENSORSensor does not detect the line.The robot moves to the left.On moving to the left, the sensor detects the line. Hence the robot moves to the right.On moving to the right, the sensor is back on the surface. Hence it moves to the left again.

TWO LIGHT SENSORSensor does not detect line.The robot moves forward.On moving forward, the left sensor detects the line and right sensor does not detect line. Hence the robot moves to the left.

On moving forward, the right sensor detects the line and left sensor does not detect line. Hence the robot moves to the right.

COMPLETE PALETTECOMMONACTIONSENSORFLOWDATAADVANCEDThe Complete Palette contains all the blocks in the Common Palette, plus many more for more advanced functions.

6 SECTIONS Section 1: Common SectionSection 2: Action SectionSection 3: Sensor SectionSection 4: Flow SectionSection 5: Data SectionSection 6: Advanced Section

SPEED CONTROL

Complete Palette

SensorMotor speed can be control by sensor according the data reading from sensor.

SOUND SENSORData Wire

Common SectionSensor Section

Power

Common SectionSensor Section

Data Wire

ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Power

DISPLAY

SETTINGSIMAGETEXTDRAWINGRESET

DISPLAY IMAGEDisplay a LEGO Minifig Head on screen.

DISPLAY IMAGE

REACT TO LIGHT & DISTANCEREACT TO LIGHTREACT TO DISTANCE

Common SectionSensor Section

Data Wire

PowerLIGHT SENSORDrag steering until end so robot will turn on a point & set duration to unlimited to prevent robot over the signal point.

Common SectionSensor Section

Data Wire

PowerULTRASONIC SENSORData Section

Change the ultrasonic unit to centimeters.Change operation to subtraction with A = value maximum for ultrasonic sensor 255.

VARIABLEClick CREATE to make a new variable.Give a meaningful file name & select the variable type Logic, Number or Text.After done setting close the dialog box.

Drag & drop the variable block from Data Section.New variable appearing in variable list.Select the variables that requested by user.

Go Edit -> Define Variables

LOOPING

BUMP COUNTERCreate robot that can detect input from touch sensor & display total times touch sensor press by user on the NXT screen.

PROGRAM FLOWAction SectionFlow SectionData SectionAdvanced Section

EXPLANATIONDefine a new variable called COUNT .Change the action to write .Set default value = 0.

Using math block addition function.Set value for B=1 mean every time touch sensor press will plus 1.

Set action to TextSet action to Read to read the value from variable.SET DEFAULT=0READCOUNT +1UPDATECONVERTDISPLAYConvert number to text for display on NXT screen

ROTATION SENSORCreate a robot count how many rotation was robot make in a period.

RESET ROTATION SENSORCommon SectionSensor SectionFlow SectionAdvanced SectionRead total degree/ rotation make by motor B.

Reset motor B back to default value=0.

CALIBRATE SENSORCreate a robot calibrate the intensity of light.Follow the grey line as the picture.

CALIBRATE LIGHT INTENSITYAdvanced Section

Sensor Section

CALIBRATE LIGHT INTENSITYAdvanced Section

Sensor Section

Change the button to right button.Set calibrate minimum or maximum value.Set calibrate or delete.Calibrate minimum Calibrate maximumDelete calibrate

BLUETOOTHMake a program allow two NXT communicate with each others.

COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER Common SectionAction SectionFlow SectionMaster: Send MessageSlave: Receive Message

Input must same for system compare.

Mailbox must same

Waiting block change to Receive Message

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