Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomsk Polytechnic University EECOLOGICALCOLOGICAL R RISKISK

AASSESSMENTSSESSMENTFROM CHEMICAL FROM CHEMICAL

EXPOSUREEXPOSUREOSIPOVA NINAOSIPOVA NINA

The Lecturer of Natural Resourses Department,The Lecturer of Natural Resourses Department,Ph.D in Ph.D in ССhemistryhemistry

MATVEENKO IRINAMATVEENKO IRINAThe Lecturer of Foreign Language Department,The Lecturer of Foreign Language Department,

PhD in PhilologyPhD in Philology

ТТOMSK-20OMSK-201155

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION THE CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS OF THE CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS OF

ATMOSPHERIC AIRATMOSPHERIC AIR METODOLOGY OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK METODOLOGY OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK

ASSESSMENT FROM EXPOSURE OF ASSESSMENT FROM EXPOSURE OF CHEMICALSCHEMICALS

ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK FOR THE POPULATION OF TOMSK FOR THE POPULATION OF TOMSK CAUSED BY CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS OF CAUSED BY CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS OF THE ATMOSPHERETHE ATMOSPHERE

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Key WordsKey Wordshazard identification;hazard identification;dose-response assessment;dose-response assessment;exposure assessment;exposure assessment;

risk characterizationrisk characterizationchemical pollutionchemical pollutionenvironmental riskenvironmental risk risk assessmentrisk assessment

THE CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS THE CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS OF ATMOSPHERIC AIROF ATMOSPHERIC AIR

The industrial processes at Tomsk The industrial processes at Tomsk Petrochemical Plant “Tomskneftekhim”Petrochemical Plant “Tomskneftekhim”

Formaldehyde productionFormaldehyde production Industrially formaldehyde is produced by Industrially formaldehyde is produced by

oxidative methanol dehydrogenation. oxidative methanol dehydrogenation. ·· in vapour phase on silver catalyst at 680-720°C. in vapour phase on silver catalyst at 680-720°C.

Methanol conversion is 97-98%; Methanol conversion is 97-98%; ·· on silver catalyst at 600-650°C with methanol on silver catalyst at 600-650°C with methanol

conversion 77-87%. Unreacted methanol is conversion 77-87%. Unreacted methanol is recycled; recycled;

·· with excess of air on iron-molibdenum-tungsten with excess of air on iron-molibdenum-tungsten oxide catalyst at 250-400°C. Methanol conversion oxide catalyst at 250-400°C. Methanol conversion is 98-99%; is 98-99%;

2CH3OH + O2 --> 2H2CO + 2H2O2CH3OH + O2 --> 2H2CO + 2H2O

METODOLOGY OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK METODOLOGY OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FROM EXPOSURE OF ASSESSMENT FROM EXPOSURE OF

CHEMICALSCHEMICALS

1.H1.Hazard identificationazard identification

((problem formulation)problem formulation);; 2. 2. DDose-response assessment;ose-response assessment;

3. 3. EExposure assessment;xposure assessment; 4. 4. RRisk characterization. isk characterization.

5.Risk Management 5.Risk Management

1.H1.Hazard identificationazard identification ( (problem formulation)problem formulation)

assembling and summarizing data, assembling and summarizing data, definition of the environmental definition of the environmental values to be protected, description of values to be protected, description of hypothesized relationships between hypothesized relationships between the polutant and the receptor, the polutant and the receptor, development of plandevelopment of plan

2. 2. Dose-response analysis Dose-response analysis

technical evaluation of data on technical evaluation of data on exposure and effect, figuring out exposure and effect, figuring out whether and how the dose of a whether and how the dose of a contaminant will affect human health contaminant will affect human health and environment.and environment.

3 E3 Exposure assessmentxposure assessment

evaluation of intensity, duration, and evaluation of intensity, duration, and frequency of human exposure to frequency of human exposure to pollutants or toxins.pollutants or toxins.

4. R4. Risk characterizationisk characterization

determination of the percentage of determination of the percentage of population at risk and probability of population at risk and probability of an individual suffering ill effects.an individual suffering ill effects.

5.Risk management5.Risk management

Making scientific conclusion and Making scientific conclusion and decision on actions for minimizing decision on actions for minimizing health problems related to exposure health problems related to exposure to pollutants or toxins.to pollutants or toxins.

CalcuationsCalcuationsLADD - Living Average Daily DoseLADD - Living Average Daily Dose

LADD = [ C x LADD = [ C x CRCR x ED x EF] / [BW x AT x 365] x ED x EF] / [BW x AT x 365] , mg/kgxday,, mg/kgxday, C – the average concentration of the chemical C – the average concentration of the chemical

substances, affecting during the exposure, substances, affecting during the exposure, mg/m3;mg/m3;

CR- CR- Contact Rate, for inhallation affect – Contact Rate, for inhallation affect – inspiratory rate, m3/day;inspiratory rate, m3/day;

ED- Exposure Duration, years;ED- Exposure Duration, years; EF -Exposure Frequency, day/year;EF -Exposure Frequency, day/year; BW – Body Weight, kg;BW – Body Weight, kg; AT - Average Time, or average life expectancy, AT - Average Time, or average life expectancy,

yearsyears

CR – Cancerogeneous CR – Cancerogeneous RiskRisk

CR= 1 – exp (-SF x LADD)CR= 1 – exp (-SF x LADD)CR – Cancerogeneous Risk,CR – Cancerogeneous Risk,

SF - Slope Factor, or Unit Risk, SF - Slope Factor, or Unit Risk, (mg/kgxday)-1, reference date are used;(mg/kgxday)-1, reference date are used;

Index Damage- Index Damage- noncancerogeneous Risknoncancerogeneous Risk

HQ = LADD/RfDHQ = LADD/RfD HQ - Index DamageHQ - Index Damage LADD - Living Average Daily Dose, LADD - Living Average Daily Dose,

mg/kgxday,mg/kgxday, RfDRfD – – Referent (harmless) Dose, Referent (harmless) Dose,

mg/kgxday, reference date are used.mg/kgxday, reference date are used.

RISK ASSISTANTRISK ASSISTANT Screenshot Screenshot

RISK ASSISTANTRISK ASSISTANTScreenshotScreenshot

The interface of Risk Assistant:

ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN HEALTH RISK FOR THE POPULATION OF TOMSK CAUSED BY CHEMICAL POPULATION OF TOMSK CAUSED BY CHEMICAL

POLLUTANTS OF THE ATMOSPHEREPOLLUTANTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

The assessments of exposure to The assessments of exposure to

pollutants, controlled by the pollutants, controlled by the

State WeState Weaather Services (Tomsk ther Services (Tomsk

Region) in atmosphere for Region) in atmosphere for

current contamination level are current contamination level are

performedperformed

0 200 400 600 800 1000 12000

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

. The observation network for atmospheric air state: 2-

Lenin Square,5- Gerczen Street, 7- Tomsk

Petrochemical Plant area, 11- Cheremoshniki area, 13- Lazo Street, 14 –

Vershinin street

THE INDIVIDUAL CANCEROGENEOUS RISKTHE INDIVIDUAL CANCEROGENEOUS RISK,, CAUSED BY FORMALDEHYDE, IN DIFFERENT CAUSED BY FORMALDEHYDE, IN DIFFERENT

CITY DISTRICTS FOR 1993 - 2002 yearsCITY DISTRICTS FOR 1993 - 2002 years

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THE CITY TERRITORY RANKING IN THE CITY TERRITORY RANKING IN ACCORDANCE TO THE RISK LEVELACCORDANCE TO THE RISK LEVEL

OBSERVATION OBSERVATION POSTPOST

THE INDIVIDUAL THE INDIVIDUAL CANCEROGENEOUS CANCEROGENEOUS

RISKRISK

THE ADDITIONAL THE ADDITIONAL EXPECTING DEATH EXPECTING DEATH QUANTITY QUANTITY (APPROXIMATELY)(APPROXIMATELY)

Per every 100000 peoplePer every 100000 people

THE RISK THE RISK LEVELLEVEL

22 1.51.5*10*10-4-4 1515 mediummedium

55 8,48,4*10*10--55 88 lowlow

1111 1,11,1*10*10-4-4 1111 mediummedium

77 2,32,3*10*10-4-4 2323 mediummedium

1313 1,41,4*10*10-4-4 1414 mediummedium

1414 9,39,3*10*10--55 99 lowlow

Human health risk levels at the territory of Tomsk caused by formaldehyde in the atmospheric air

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION FormaldehydeFormaldehyde is one of the harmful pollutants of is one of the harmful pollutants of

atmospheric air . It occurs in sufficiently high atmospheric air . It occurs in sufficiently high concentrations in all areas of Tomsk. concentrations in all areas of Tomsk.

It causes desease of lung, upper airways. It is It causes desease of lung, upper airways. It is potencial cancerogene.potencial cancerogene.

The main reasons of formaldehyde emissions into The main reasons of formaldehyde emissions into outdoor air pollution are fuel combustion and outdoor air pollution are fuel combustion and industrial processes at Tomsk Petrochemical industrial processes at Tomsk Petrochemical Plant. Plant.

Formaldehyde content in atmospheric air brings Formaldehyde content in atmospheric air brings the additional contribution to the population the additional contribution to the population disease.disease.