MINERAL RESOURSES

Mineral

A mineral is a naturally occurring substance with a definite chemical composition, comprising of one or more elements .

Galena, Lead ore

Characteristics of minerals Ubiquitous in nature (found

everywhere ) Both organic and inorganic.Organic minerals :Coal, Petroleum & Natural GasInorganic minerals :Iron ,Copper ,Manganese etc…

Metallic minerals are not readily usable

They are found in the form of ores. Minerals provide raw material to

industries. Minerals are used electrical

appliances. Most minerals occur in crust but

some occur very deep into the earth(petroleum)

Organic Minerals

Inorganic minerals

Classification of Minerals

Metallic Content-Metallic minerals-Non metallic minerals Iron Content-Ferrous minerals-Non ferrrous minerals

Metallic Content

Minerals which contain metals Metallic Minerals: iron, copper, gold

etc…. These minerals have to be extracted

from the ores in which they are present along with some other metal.

Precious and Useful

Gold

Non metallic content

Minerals which do not contain metals.

Non Metallic Minerals: nitrate, potash, coal

These minerals produce heat and energy and hence called as fuels.

Coal and Petroleum are the minerals which originated from the plant and animal remains .

Potash

Iron Content

Ferrous minerals Minerals which have iron content.Eg: Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese etc….

Non Ferrous minerals Minerals which do not have iron

content.Eg: Copper, tin, aluminum etc….

Cobalt and Copper

Extraction and Mining of Minerals

Industrial development of a region is decided by it.

Population gets employment and concentrates around these sites.

To minimize transportation costs, various industries are established near these sites.

Different production units near different mining sites increse scope for high export earnings.

Mining

Iron

It is found on earth It is used in industries It is most preferred due to its hardness

and strength It can be shaped in different forms like

sheets, magnetic iron and steel It is a cyclical and reusable resource Distribution: Ukraine, Russia, Australia,

China, India, USA, Canada, UK, Japan etc…

Types of Iron

Type Percentage of iron content

Magnetite 60

Hematite 50-60

Limonite 30-50

Siderite 30-50

Magnetite

Hematite

Limonite

Siderite

Copper

It is used for alloy production .Alloyed with tin for Bronze, with zinc for brass, with nickel and zinc for Nickel Silver.

It is used for making utensils It is also used in industries for making

wires, machine parts and coins. It is used for making statues and

ornaments. Distribution:Chile,USA,Canada,Peru,Australi

a,Indonesia,China,Poland.In India in Rajasthan

Copper

Bauxite It is a ore of aluminium. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat

and electricity. It is used for making aluminium wire,

building ships, aircraft etc… It is used in paint industry as raw

material and to protect metals from corrosion

Aluminium foils are used to protect food from dust and contamination.

Distribution: Australia, Jamaica, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil In India in Orissa.

Bauxite

Mica

Non metallic mineral It is a insulator of electricity It occurs in Igneous Rocks , Sedimentary

Rocks, Metamorphic Rocks Distribution: India, USA, Ukraine, Russia,

South Africa, Tanzania ,etc…

Mica

Distribution of minerals in the world

Asia Europe North America South America Africa Australia

Asia

Mostly in China and India Iron oreChina-1stIndia-5th

BauxiteChina-5th

India-7th Asia also has large deposits of

manganese, bauxite, zinc, nickel and copper

Iron and Bauxite